{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T09:07:50Z","timestamp":1780304870176,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2025QC1377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2025QC1377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024QB034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QB034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024MB078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024MB078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2025QC1337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2025QC1337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22509112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22509112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22072070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22072070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Colloid and Interface Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T05:08:22Z","timestamp":1776575302000},"page":"140565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Accelerating proton relay via fluorine-modified bismuth for efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction to formate"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"719","author":[{"given":"Hengrui","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruize","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0005","article-title":"Research progress of dual-site tandem catalysts in the preparation of multi carbon products by electro reduction of CO2","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.139663","article-title":"Recent advances on electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to resources: target products, reaction pathways and typical catalysts","volume":"453","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202320268","article-title":"2D metal\/graphene and 2D metal\/graphene\/metal systems for electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to formic acid","volume":"63","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0020","article-title":"Facet dopant regulation of Cu2O boosts electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate","volume":"33","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c06033","article-title":"Heteronuclear dual single-atom catalysts for ambient conversion of CO2 from air to formate","volume":"13","author":"Zhai","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-025-01451-1","article-title":"CO2 electroreduction on Cu operates via an alternative chain growth mechanism to form C-C bonds at elevated temperature and pressure","volume":"8","author":"Vos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9311","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.5c00917","article-title":"Stannum-doped bismuth nanocoral catalysts for highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate","volume":"8","author":"Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2025.02.015","article-title":"Enhanced CO2 electrochemical reduction on single-atom catalysts with optimized environmental, central and axial chemical ambient","volume":"686","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41481","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c11708","article-title":"Upcycling CO2 and PET waste: ampere-level formate electrosynthesis in an integrated electrolyzer","volume":"147","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2025.01.041","article-title":"Tailoring the electrolyte microenvironment of indium catalysts for enhanced formic acid electrosynthesis","volume":"105","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.164420","article-title":"Confining bismuth in oxygen-defective BiVO4 through chemical reconstruction engineering for enhanced electrocatalytic formate generation","volume":"517","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1039\/D4IM00126E","article-title":"Unveiling the potential of bismuth-based catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction","volume":"3","author":"Sabouhanian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind. Chem. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202514138","article-title":"Ultra-long Bi nanowires coupled with tapered Si microwires for selective photoelectrochemical CO2-to-formate conversion","volume":"22","author":"Seo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0070","article-title":"Electronic modulation of two-dimensional bismuth-based nanosheets for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate: A review","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Rep.: Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202408412","article-title":"pH-Universal electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with ampere-level current density on doping-engineered bismuth sulfide","volume":"63","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0080","article-title":"Ultrastable implanting-structured catalyst for long-lasting acidic CO2 electrolysis with industrial-level current densities","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.5c00119","article-title":"Explaining kinetic isotope effects in proton-coupled electron transfer reactions","volume":"58","author":"Hammes-Schiffer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7050","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c10212","article-title":"Bonds over electrons: proton coupled electron transfer at solid-solution interfaces","volume":"145","author":"Mayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3684","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-023-6269-7","article-title":"Electronic structural engineering of bimetallic Bi-Cu alloying nanosheet for highly-efficient CO2 electroreduction and Zn-CO2 batteries","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32870","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c14299","article-title":"Promoting water activation via molecular engineering enables efficient asymmetric C-C coupling during CO2 electroreduction","volume":"146","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0105","article-title":"Co-activation of CH4 and CO2 for C-C bond formation on IrO2(110) surface: a combined DFT and microkinetic study","volume":"585","author":"Pham","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.09.157","article-title":"Electron-rich SnO2 promote CO2 activation for stable electrocatalytic CO2 reduction","volume":"678","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0115","first-page":"8","article-title":"Achieving current density of 815 mA\/cm2 for electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate by enhancing *OCHO intermediate adsorption through intercalated Bi single atoms in BiOBr","volume":"371","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.172328","article-title":"Grain-boundary engineering of bismuth catalyst enables industrial-current-density CO2 electroreduction to formate via stabilizing *OCHO intermediate","volume":"528","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11169","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.54.11169","article-title":"Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set","volume":"54","author":"Kresse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.47.558","article-title":"Ab initio molecular dynamics for liquid metals","volume":"47","author":"Kresse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3865","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.77.3865","article-title":"Generalized gradient approximation made simple","volume":"77","author":"Perdew","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17953","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.50.17953","article-title":"Projector augmented-wave method","volume":"50","author":"Bl\u00f6chl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0145","article-title":"A consistent and accurate ab initio parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu","volume":"132","author":"Grimme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b04216","article-title":"Surface activation and reconstruction of non-oxide-based catalysts through in situ electrochemical tuning for oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline media","volume":"10","author":"Sivanantham","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2023.12.115","article-title":"Cations induced in situ electrochemical amorphization for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction","volume":"658","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.153105","article-title":"In-situ electrochemical transformation of F-modified metallic bismuth for highly-efficient CO2 electroreduction and Zn-CO2 battery","volume":"494","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2025.06.031","article-title":"Electron trapping fluorine stabilizing Bi-O motif for pH-universal CO2 electroreduction to formate at industrial-level current density","volume":"110","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.2c00326","article-title":"In situ confined growth of bismuth nanoribbons with active and robust edge sites for boosted CO2 electroreduction","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202417443","article-title":"Fluorine doping-assisted reconstruction of isolated Cu sites for CO2 electroreduction toward multicarbon products","volume":"37","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0180","article-title":"Vanadium oxide clusters mediated bismuth-tin alloy for accelerated dynamics of electrocatalytic CO2 conversion","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44480-9","article-title":"Operando formation of highly efficient electrocatalysts induced by heteroatom leaching","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0190","article-title":"Stabilizing highly active metastable Bi (101) facet via covalent organic frameworks to break activity-stability trade-off in CO2-to-HCOOH electrocatalysis","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29783-7","article-title":"Exploring dopant effects in stannic oxide nanoparticles for CO2 electro-reduction to formate","volume":"13","author":"Ko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0200","article-title":"Enhanced active hydrogen absorption and stabilized Cu(I) species over Cu-O-Ce bridges boosting electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene","volume":"64","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-020-0450-0","article-title":"Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C-C coupling over fluorine-modified copper","volume":"3","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202523093","article-title":"Switching CO2 electroreduction pathways via polyvinylpyrrolidone-mediated water configuration control","volume":"65","author":"Yin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE00752K","article-title":"Ethylene-glycol ligand environment facilitates highly efficient hydrogen evolution of Pt\/CoP through proton concentration and hydrogen spillover","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energ. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0220","article-title":"Advances and challenges of electrolyzers for large-scale CO2 electroreduction","volume":"3","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Rep.: Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54122-3","article-title":"Molecular level insights on the pulsed electrochemical CO2 reduction","volume":"15","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10152","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c02163","article-title":"Low-crystallinity-induced lattice-distorted bismuth nanosheets for enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202512078","article-title":"Harnessing electrocatalytic coupling of carbon dioxide and methanol for high-efficiency formic acid production","volume":"64","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16156","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5c04520","article-title":"Understanding the affinity effect of C\/O-correlative intermediates for the selective electrosynthesis of HCOOH","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0245","article-title":"Heterogeneous cobalt phthalocyanine\/sulfur-modified hollow carbon sphere for boosting CO2 electroreduction and Zn-CO2 batteries","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13880","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CC03638K","article-title":"Lewis acid-mediated In\/In2O3 heterointerfaces with abundant oxygen vacancies boosting CO2 electroreduction into formate","volume":"61","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15016","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c03850","article-title":"Confinement-stabilized high-valent indium for pH-universal electrocatalytic CO2 reduction","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13969","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5c02303","article-title":"Understanding orbital hybridizations of nickel-based catalysts for urea electrooxidation: opportunities and challenges","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0265","article-title":"Controllable electron distribution reconstruction of spinel NiCo2O4 boosting glycerol oxidation at elevated current density","volume":"34","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9023","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c01667","article-title":"An overview of solar-driven photoelectrochemical CO2 conversion to chemical fuels","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202403671","article-title":"Cobalt-doped bismuth nanosheet catalyst for enhanced electrochemical CO2 reduction to electrolyte-free formic acid","volume":"63","author":"Nankya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565_bb0280","article-title":"Promoting electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate via sulfur-assisted electrolysis","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."}],"container-title":["Journal of Colloid and Interface Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021979726007423?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021979726007423?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T08:36:18Z","timestamp":1780302978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021979726007423"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0021979726007423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Accelerating proton relay via fluorine-modified bismuth for efficient carbon dioxide electroreduction to formate","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcis.2026.140565","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"140565"}}