{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T04:19:16Z","timestamp":1770956356434,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["canadianjournalofdiabetes.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,28]],"date-time":"2013-09-28T05:54:00Z","timestamp":1380347640000},"page":"282-293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Innovation to Reduce Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes at the Intersection of Discovery, Prevention and Knowledge Exchange"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Earl","family":"Noble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Melling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Tikkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Peltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Stuckey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Petrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Attenuation of endothelial dysfunction by exercise training in STZ-induced diabetic rats","volume":"32","author":"Chakraphan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2000000600004","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on autonomic and myocardial dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"33","author":"De Angelis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.1.187","article-title":"Improved postischemic recovery of cardiac pump function in exercised trained diabetic rats","volume":"65","author":"Paulson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.26.6.1129","article-title":"Low-intensity exercise training attenuates cardiac beta-adrenergic tone during exercise in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"26","author":"Gava","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02493.x","article-title":"Addressing insulin resistance in Type 1 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Pang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3172","article-title":"Features of hepatic and skeletal muscle insulin resistance unique to type 1 diabetes","volume":"97","author":"Bergman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199724050-00004","article-title":"Role of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"24","author":"Ivy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1655","article-title":"Metabolic effects of aerobic training and resistance training in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized controlled trial (the RAED2 study)","volume":"35","author":"Bacchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.2.117","article-title":"Stress (heat shock) proteins: molecular chaperones in cardiovascular biology and disease","volume":"83","author":"Benjamin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.6.1408","article-title":"Overexpression of heat shock protein 72 in transgenic mice decreases infarct size in\u00a0vivo","volume":"94","author":"Hutter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H3692","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00827.2007","article-title":"Exercise-mediated regulation of Hsp70 expression following aerobic exercise training","volume":"293","author":"Melling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000016963.43856.B1","article-title":"Exercise improves postischemic cardiac function in males but not females: consequences of a novel sex-specific heat shock protein 70 response","volume":"90","author":"Paroo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01183.2003","article-title":"Exercise training modulates heat shock protein response in diabetic rats","volume":"97","author":"Atalay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1379\/CSC-292.1","article-title":"Altered heat stress response following streptozotocin-induced diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Najemnikova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1709","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00201.2006","article-title":"Insulin induces myocardial protection and Hsp70 localization to plasma membranes in rat hearts","volume":"291","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies","volume":"375","author":"Sarwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v21.i2.70","article-title":"Understanding the skeletal pathology of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"McCabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"329","year":"1993","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.47.6.1278","article-title":"Maximum oxygen consumption of rats and its changes with various experimental procedures","volume":"47","author":"Bedford","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1139\/h04-002","article-title":"Physiological hypertrophy of the FHL muscle following 8 weeks of progressive resistance exercise in the rat","volume":"29","author":"Hornberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2013.02.004","article-title":"A\u00a0model of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus and its treatment with aerobic exercise training","volume":"39","author":"Melling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.01.005","article-title":"Resistance training increases heat shock protein levels in skeletal muscle of young and old rats","volume":"41","author":"Murlasits","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705799105","article-title":"HSP72 protects against obesity-induced insulin resistance","volume":"105","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib24","article-title":"Vessel-specific rate of vasorelaxation is slower in diabetic rats","author":"Murias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.079640","article-title":"The microcirculation: a motor for the systemic inflammatory response and large vessel disease induced by hypercholesterolaemia?","volume":"562","author":"Stokes","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/33.4.482","article-title":"Response of norepinephrine and blood pressure to stress increases with age","volume":"33","author":"Palmer","year":"1978","journal-title":"J\u00a0Geront"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M1","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/46.1.M1","article-title":"Age-related changes of sympathetic outflow to muscle in humans","volume":"46","author":"Iwase","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816121-00019","article-title":"Role of the sympathetic nervous system in human hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Grassi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.1.5","article-title":"Diastolic dysfunction in normotensive men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes: importance of maneuvers in echocardiographic screening for preclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Poirier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164109336375","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome, endothelial function and lifestyle modification","volume":"6","author":"Aizawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000198040.47128.4c","article-title":"Autonomic imbalance and metabolic syndrome: unravelling interactions, mechanisms and outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Grassi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(01)02236-1","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system and insulin resistance: from obesity to diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Esler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib33","first-page":"III75","article-title":"Sympathetic drive and vascular damage in hypertension and atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Pauletto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-999-0030-9","article-title":"The sympathetic nervous system and baroreflexes in hypertension and hypotension","volume":"1","author":"Izzo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"12 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib35","first-page":"I6","article-title":"Experimental cerebral ischemic lesions and autonomic and cardiac effects in cats and rats","volume":"24","author":"Cechetto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00139-X","article-title":"Sympathetic activation triggers ventricular arrhythmias in rat heart with chronic infarction and failure","volume":"43","author":"Du","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00332-0","article-title":"Adverse consequences of high sympathetic nervous activity in the failing human heart","volume":"26","author":"Kaye","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00264.x","article-title":"Sex differences in physiological responses to stress and in coronary heart disease: a causal link?","volume":"24","author":"Stoney","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.3.387","article-title":"Acute myocardial and plasma catecholamine changes in experimental stroke","volume":"17","author":"Hachinski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-201X.1968.tb10904.x","article-title":"Pulse and respiratory grouping of sypmathetic impulses in human sympathetic nerves","volume":"74","author":"Hagbarth","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.037937","article-title":"Role of vascular bed compliance in vasomotor control in human skeletal muscle","volume":"92","author":"Zamir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.200910218","article-title":"Dynamic responsiveness of the vascular bed as a regulatory mechanism in vasomotor control","volume":"134","author":"Zamir","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.059188","article-title":"Adrenergic and myogenic regulation of viscoelasticity in the vascular bed of the human forearm","volume":"96","author":"Frances","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2010.02.002","article-title":"The Getting Physical on Cigarettes trial: Rationale and methods","volume":"3","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mental Health and Physical Activity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00038","article-title":"Central versus peripheral cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Edgell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2012-0383","article-title":"Effect of exercise training on diastolic function in metabolic syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Lalande","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2010.05.010","article-title":"Low-frequency oscillations in R-R interval and blood pressure across the continuum of cardiovascular risk","volume":"158","author":"Kiviniemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.08.035","article-title":"Spike detection in human muscle sympathetic nerve activity using a matched wavelet approach","volume":"193","author":"Salmanpour","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00814.2010","article-title":"Relationship between size and latency of action potentials in human muscle sympathetic nerve activity","volume":"105","author":"Salmanpour","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3409","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00925.2011","article-title":"Baroreflex mechanisms regulating the occurrence of neural spikes in human muscle sympathetic nerve activity","volume":"107","author":"Salmanpour","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.195941","article-title":"Sympathetic neural activation: an ordered affair","volume":"588","author":"Steinback","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib52","series-title":"Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control","year":"2011"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib54","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk in Canada: a detailed analysis and position paper by the cardiometabolic risk working group","volume":"27","author":"Leiter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib55","unstructured":"The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. http:\/\/www.idf.org\/webdata\/docs\/MetS_def_update2006.pdf. Accessed November 23, 2007."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib56","article-title":"Exercise or exercise and diet for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Orozco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Library Published Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1881","article-title":"Effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Chudyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib58","first-page":"e191","article-title":"Improving aerobic fitness in older adults. Effects of a physician-based exercise counseling and prescription program","volume":"56","author":"Petrella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.05.007","article-title":"A\u00a0review of eHealth interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change","volume":"33","author":"Norman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.543","article-title":"The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors","volume":"141","author":"Thayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-008-8022-5","article-title":"Perturbed autonomic nervous system function in metabolic syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Tentolouris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90795-8","article-title":"Decreased heart rate variability and its association with increased mortality after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"59","author":"Kleiger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11144-8","article-title":"Baroreflex sensitivity and heart-rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. ATRAMI (Autonomic Tone and Reflexes After Myocardial Infarction) Investigators","volume":"351","author":"La Rovere","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000066324.74807.95","article-title":"Prospective investigation of autonomic nervous system function and the development of type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities study, 1987-1998","volume":"107","author":"Carnethon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.12.3524","article-title":"Lower heart rate variability is associated with the development of coronary heart disease in individuals with diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study","volume":"51","author":"Liao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01045.x","article-title":"The impact of the components of metabolic syndrome on heart rate variability: Using the NCEP-ATP III and IDF definitions","volume":"31","author":"Min","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02686.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and short-term heart rate variability in young adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study","volume":"26","author":"Koskinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetic Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2010.1019","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and short-term and long-term heart rate variability in elderly free of clinical cardiovascular disease: The PROOF study","volume":"13","author":"Assoumou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000038364.26310.BD","article-title":"Adrenocortical, autonomic, and inflammatory causes of the metabolic syndrome: Nested case-control study","volume":"106","author":"Brunner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69701-8","article-title":"Sustained reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention: follow-up of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study","volume":"368","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61457-4","article-title":"10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study","volume":"374","author":"Knowler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000155388.39002.9D","article-title":"Effects of exercise on heart rate variability: inferences from meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Sandercock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.035303","article-title":"Heart rate variability modifications following exercise training in type 2 diabetic patients with definite cardiac autonomic neuropathy","volume":"42","author":"Pagkalos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib74","first-page":"7","article-title":"Physical activity of Canadian adults: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey","volume":"22","author":"Colley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.12.016","article-title":"Physical Activity in U.S. Adults: Compliance with the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans","volume":"40","author":"Tucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681100500416","article-title":"Diabetes and Technology for Increased Activity (DaTA) study: results of a remote monitoring intervention for prevention of metabolic syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Stuckey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681100500417","article-title":"Remote monitoring technologies for the prevention of metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes and Technology for Increased Activity (DaTA) study","volume":"5","author":"Stuckey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49124.x","article-title":"A\u00a0self-paced step test to predict aerobic fitness in older adults in the primary care clinic","volume":"49","author":"Petrella","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevPhysRehabilMed.2013006823","article-title":"The step test and exercise prescription tool in primary care: A critical review","volume":"24","author":"Stuckey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1729","article-title":"The association among autonomic nervous system function, incident diabetes, and intervention arm in the diabetes prevention program","volume":"29","author":"Carnethon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diab Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2009.05.007","article-title":"Heart rate, sympathetic cardiovascular influences, and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Grassi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e3280128bbb","article-title":"Effect of exercise on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients","volume":"14","author":"Fagard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458212442422","article-title":"Short message service (SMS) text messaging as an intervention medium for weight loss: A literature review","volume":"18","author":"Shaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Informatics J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000329169","article-title":"Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: implications for incidence trends","volume":"76","author":"Knip","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00284458","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: an epidemiological study","volume":"25","author":"Andersen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200105000-00012","article-title":"Physical fitness and activity as separate heart disease risk factors: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181d1fdb3","article-title":"Glycemic status affects cardiopulmonary exercise response in athletes with type I diabetes","volume":"42","author":"Baldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1012-1","article-title":"Impaired stroke volume and aerobic capacity in female adolescents with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"51","author":"Gusso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-543X.2005.00120.x","article-title":"Aerobic exercise capacity in normal adolescents and those with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Komatsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00251-9","article-title":"Glycemic control and cardiopulmonary function in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"103","author":"Niranjan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401373","article-title":"Pulmonary complications of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients","volume":"35","author":"Strojek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.8.1942","article-title":"Reduced forearm blood flow in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (measured by near-infrared spectroscopy)","volume":"27","author":"Pichler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181f4501e","article-title":"Does careful glycemic control improve aerobic capacity in subjects with type 1 diabetes?","volume":"38","author":"Baldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.5.1553","article-title":"Diabetic autonomic neuropathy","volume":"26","author":"Vinik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00356","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic nervous system function and aerobic capacity in type 1 diabetes","volume":"3","author":"Hagglund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-012-2532-4","article-title":"Low total haemoglobin mass, blood volume and aerobic capacity in men with type 1 diabetes","volume":"113","author":"Koponen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.04.002","article-title":"Alveolar gas exchange and tissue deoxygenation during exercise in type 1 diabetes patients and healthy controls","volume":"181","author":"Peltonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0050-3","article-title":"The optimised CO-rebreathing method: a new tool to determine total haemoglobin mass routinely","volume":"95","author":"Schmidt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499267113009477?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499267113009477?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:22:56Z","timestamp":1761492176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1499267113009477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1499267113009477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1499-2671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1499-2671","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Innovation to Reduce Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes at the Intersection of Discovery, Prevention and Knowledge Exchange","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.07.061","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}