{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:53:00Z","timestamp":1790743980110,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["canadianjournalofdiabetes.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T02:16:42Z","timestamp":1496283402000},"page":"88-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Considerations for Initiating a Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Using Insulin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Vincent C.","family":"Woo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori D.","family":"Berard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpreet S.","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Eko\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Senior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.1.87","article-title":"UKPDS 28: A randomized trial of efficacy of early addition of metformin in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetes","volume":"21","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.21.2005","article-title":"Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group","volume":"281","author":"Turner","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3460-0","article-title":"Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: A patient-centred approach. Update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes","volume":"58","author":"Inzucchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15672.GLSUPPL","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology - Clinical Practice Guidelines for Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan - 2015","volume":"21","author":"Handelsman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0030","series-title":"Type 2 diabetes in adults: Management","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0035","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Canadian Diabetes Association 2013 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada","volume":"37","author":"Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2016.02.006","article-title":"Pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes: 2016 Interim update","volume":"40","author":"Canadian Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470","article-title":"10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Holman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0331","article-title":"Clinical inertia in people with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study of more than 80,000 people","volume":"36","author":"Khunti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0060","first-page":"e418","article-title":"Clinical inertia in patients with T2DM requiring insulin in family practice","volume":"56","author":"Harris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2013.02.055","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus management in Canada: Is it improving?","volume":"37","author":"Leiter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0070","first-page":"550","article-title":"Can family physicians help patients initiate basal insulin therapy successfully? Randomized trial of patient-titrated insulin glargine compared with standard oral therapy: Lessons for family practice from the Canadian INSIGHT trial","volume":"54","author":"Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905479","article-title":"Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes","volume":"361","author":"Holman","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00055.2009","article-title":"Biology of human sodium glucose transporters","volume":"91","author":"Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0029","article-title":"Role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Abdul-Ghani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199211123272005","article-title":"Comparison of insulin regimens in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"327","author":"Yki-Jarvinen","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2818","article-title":"Comparison between SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP4 inhibitors added to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review with indirect comparison meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Min","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12785","article-title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in addition to insulin therapy for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440030049007","article-title":"Efficacy of insulin and sulfonylurea combination therapy in type II diabetes. A meta-analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"156","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.12.2133","article-title":"Combination of insulin and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Wulffele","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.7.1052","article-title":"Beginning insulin treatment of obese patients with evening 70\/30 insulin plus glimepiride versus insulin alone. Glimepiride Combination Group","volume":"21","author":"Riddle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12187","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of insulin: Efficacy and safety over 2 years","volume":"16","author":"Wilding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1237","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, when used in conjunction with insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Neal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0517","article-title":"A study of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of insulin plus insulin sensitizers: Applicability of a novel insulin-independent treatment","volume":"32","author":"Wilding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12453","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in addition to insulin therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Results of the interim analysis of 16-week double-blind treatment period","volume":"7","author":"Araki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-3055","article-title":"Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12503","article-title":"Impact of empagliflozin added on to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin: A 78-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Rosenstock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-5-199903020-00002","article-title":"Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"130","author":"Yki-Jarvinen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-2-201101180-00300","article-title":"Use of twice-daily exenatide in basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"154","author":"Buse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2012.665046","article-title":"Effect of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin alone or insulin combined with metformin","volume":"28","author":"Barnett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0407-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in combination with insulin: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Inagaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"S357","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0170","first-page":"743","article-title":"Impact of canagliflozin added-on to insulin and metformin in type 2 diabetes: A substudy of the CANVAS trial","volume":"58","author":"Matthews","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2014.12.016","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin by baseline HbA1c and known duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"29","author":"Wilding","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13033","article-title":"Glycaemic efficacy of canagliflozin is largely independent of baseline \u03b2-cell function or insulin sensitivity","volume":"33","author":"Matthews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0190","series-title":"Jardiance [package insert]. Burlington, Ontario, Canada: Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0195","series-title":"Invokamet [package insert]. Toronto: Janssen Inc","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0200","series-title":"Forxiga [package insert]. Mississauga: AstraZeneca Canada Inc","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.05.007","article-title":"Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study (CANVAS)\u2013a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"166","author":"Neal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.250","article-title":"Dapagliflozin, a novel, selective SGLT2 inhibitor, improved glycemic control over 2 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"85","author":"Komoroski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706245","article-title":"Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"358","author":"Gaede","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv728","article-title":"Heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk: Results of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME(R) trial","volume":"37","author":"Fitchett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.11.002","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitor-associated diabetic ketoacidosis: Clinical review and recommendations for prevention and diagnosis","volume":"38","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.4158\/EP161292.PS","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Position Statement on the Association of SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Diabetic Ketoacidosis","volume":"22","author":"Handelsman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009_bib0235","series-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499267117300011?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499267117300011?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:30:40Z","timestamp":1761492640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1499267117300011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1499267117300011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1499-2671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1499-2671","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Considerations for Initiating a Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Using Insulin","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.01.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Canadian Diabetes Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}