{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:42:21Z","timestamp":1761493341326,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000201","name":"Lawson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000201","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["canadianjournalofdiabetes.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T12:12:08Z","timestamp":1561551128000},"page":"606-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Perinatal Outcomes Among Different Asian Groups With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Ontario: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Wilson","family":"Kwong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel G.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denice S.","family":"Feig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine L.","family":"Lipscombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-s201","article-title":"What is gestational diabetes?","volume":"30","author":"Buchanan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60731-5","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"373","author":"Bellamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2017.10.038","article-title":"Diabetes and pregnancy","volume":"42","author":"Feig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c1395","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c1395","article-title":"Effects of treatment in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"340","author":"Horvath","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2717","article-title":"Trends in incidence of diabetes in pregnancy and serious perinatal outcomes: A large, population-based study in Ontario, Canada, 1996\u20122010","volume":"37","author":"Feig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0760-6","article-title":"Ethnic differences in the association between gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcome","volume":"16","author":"Mocarski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1253","article-title":"Ethnicity modifies the effect of obesity on insulin resistance in pregnancy: a comparison of Asian, South Asian, and Caucasian women","volume":"91","author":"Retnakaran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879\u201280","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31823199ee","article-title":"Gestational diabetes among immigrant women","volume":"22","author":"Urquia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2010.01140.x","article-title":"Disparities in the risk of gestational diabetes by race-ethnicity and country of birth","volume":"24","author":"Hedderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2549-6","article-title":"Impact of gestational diabetes on the risk of diabetes following pregnancy among Chinese and South Asian women","volume":"55","author":"Mukerji","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.735996","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy outcomes among Chinese and South Asian women in Canada","volume":"26","author":"Mukerji","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2300","article-title":"Deriving ethnic-specific BMI cutoff points for assessing diabetes risk","volume":"34","author":"Chiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03388.x","article-title":"The effect of maternal characteristics and gestational diabetes on birthweight","volume":"119","author":"Makgoba","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.05.039","article-title":"Mechanisms by which poor early growth programs type-2 diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Fernandez-Twinn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13009","article-title":"Predictors of low diabetes risk perception in a multi-ethnic cohort of women with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"33","author":"Mukerji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0360-1","article-title":"Socio-cultural influences on the behaviour of South Asian women with diabetes in pregnancy: Qualitative study using a multi-level theoretical approach","volume":"13","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009085","article-title":"Impact of Asian ethnicity and national origin on infant birth weight","volume":"145","author":"Fuentes-Afflick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e015386","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015386","article-title":"Concomitant preterm birth and severe small-for-gestational age birth weight among infants of immigrant mothers in Ontario originating from the Philippines and East Asia: A population-based study","volume":"7","author":"Bartsch","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.01.027","article-title":"Perinatal complications among different Asian-American subgroups","volume":"194","author":"Rao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.073","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes among different Asian-American subgroups","volume":"199","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34149-4","article-title":"Thresholds for small for gestational age among newborns of East Asian and South Asian ancestry","volume":"31","author":"Ray","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E32","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.140748","article-title":"Risk of adverse outcomes among infants of immigrant women according to birth-weight curves tailored to maternal world region of origin","volume":"187","author":"Urquia","year":"2015","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)35159-3","article-title":"Birth weight curves tailored to maternal world region","volume":"34","author":"Ray","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12002","article-title":"Perinatal outcomes in large infants using customised birthweight centiles and conventional measures of high birthweight","volume":"26","author":"Pasupathy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.07.019","article-title":"Readiness for diabetes prevention and barriers to lifestyle change in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: Rationale and study design","volume":"106","author":"Lipscombe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"year":"2017","series-title":"WHO Growth Charts","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib26"},{"year":"2017","series-title":"Birthweight curves for newborns according to maternal ancestry","author":"St Michael's Hospital","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib27"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E35","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e35","article-title":"A\u00a0new and improved population-based Canadian reference for birth weight for gestational age","volume":"108","author":"Kramer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13441","article-title":"Effect of multiparity and ethnicity on the risk of development of diabetes: A large population-based cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Almahmeed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.802219","article-title":"Neonatal anthropometry: the thin-fat Indian baby. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study","volume":"27","author":"Yajnik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obesity Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4166-2","article-title":"Increased fetal adiposity prior to diagnosis of gestational diabetes in South Asians: More evidence for the \u2018thin-fat' baby","volume":"60","author":"Venkataraman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400248","article-title":"Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: The thrifty phenotype hypothesis","volume":"35","author":"Hales","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.12.004","article-title":"Evidence-based national guidelines for the management of suspected fetal growth restriction: Comparison, consensus, and controversy","volume":"218","author":"McCowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)35432-9","article-title":"One size does not fit all: Differences in newborn weight among mothers of Philippine and other East Asian origin","volume":"34","author":"De Souza","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34424-3","article-title":"Elevated risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes among Filipina-Canadian women","volume":"32","author":"Fuller-Thomson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499267119301704?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499267119301704?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:33:36Z","timestamp":1761492816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1499267119301704"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1499267119301704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1499-2671"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1499-2671"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Perinatal Outcomes Among Different Asian Groups With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Ontario: A Cohort Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.06.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Canadian Diabetes Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}