{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:48:13Z","timestamp":1791384493169,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013528","name":"Diabetes Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013528","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011699","name":"Siemens Healthineers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","canadianjournalofdiabetes.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T15:50:15Z","timestamp":1712245815000},"page":"349-354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Estimating the Rates of Undiagnosed Prediabetes and Diabetes Among People Experiencing Homelessness"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4110-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tucker","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-553X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9759-5228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eshleen","family":"Grewal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Macavinta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0913-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saania","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.T.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60361-4","article-title":"Trends in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality in Ontario, Canada 1995\u20132005: A population-based study","volume":"369","author":"Lipscombe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.39.11.03","article-title":"At-a-glance---twenty years of diabetes surveillance using the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System","volume":"39","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i4.598","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus: From a metabolic disorder to an inflammatory condition","volume":"6","author":"Hameed","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i13.1246","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research","volume":"6","author":"Leon","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080020","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications","volume":"88","author":"Deshpande","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-7560(2000)9999:9999<::AID-DMRR122>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Early detection of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus: A US perspective","volume":"16","author":"Harris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib7","first-page":"1051","article-title":"The performance of hemoglobin A1c against fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance test in detecting prediabetes and diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Karakaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Res Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib8","first-page":"20","article-title":"Sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors for identifying vulnerable groups for type 2 diabetes: A narrative review with emphasis on data from Europe","author":"Kyrou","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib9","first-page":"S19","article-title":"Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Screening for diabetes in adults","volume":"42","author":"Ekoe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1161","article-title":"Scientific statement: Socioecological determinants of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Hill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044158","article-title":"The next generation of diabetes translation: A path to health equity","volume":"40","author":"Haire-Joshu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.54.3.173","article-title":"Diabetes prevalence and socioeconomic status: A population based study showing increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in deprived areas","volume":"54","author":"Connolly","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-021-01494-3","article-title":"Using concept mapping to prioritize barriers to diabetes care and self-management for those who experience homelessness","volume":"20","author":"Grewal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib14","first-page":"161","article-title":"Barriers to appropriate diabetes management among homeless people in Toronto","volume":"163","author":"Hwang","year":"2000","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2022.05.007","article-title":"Accessing diabetes specialty care for persons with lived experience of homelessness in Canada: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"46","author":"McSweeney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib16","first-page":"547","article-title":"The prevalence of diabetes, pre-diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in an Irish regional homeless population","volume":"106","author":"Scott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4613-5","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes among homeless and slum dwellers in Accra, Ghana: A survey study","volume":"12","author":"Bawah","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302330","article-title":"Diabetes and hypertension prevalence in homeless adults in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Bernstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2012.04.015","article-title":"Homelessness and diabetes: Reducing disparities in diabetes care through innovations and partnerships","volume":"36","author":"Davachi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib20","series-title":"Government of Alberta. Calgary---Population","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib21","series-title":"Calgary Point-In-Time count report","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib22","series-title":"Report to Community 2022\u20132023","author":"Calgary","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib23","series-title":"The SACS (Calgary). Our organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib24","series-title":"DCA Vantage Analyzer Operator\u2019s Guide","author":"Siemens","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2019.05.007","article-title":"HbA1c-testing: Evaluation of two point-of-care analysers","volume":"13","author":"Dubach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.32.1.04","article-title":"Validating the CANRISK prognostic model for assessing diabetes risk in Canada\u2019s multi-ethnic population","volume":"32","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chronic Dis Inj Can"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib28","first-page":"S10","article-title":"2018 Clinical practice guidelines definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes, prediabetes and metabolic syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Punthakee","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Standards of Care in Diabetes---2023 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. doi:10.2337\/cd23-as01.","DOI":"10.2337\/cd23-as01"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2019.11.002","article-title":"Assessing dysglycemia risk among younger adults: A validation of the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire","volume":"44","author":"Srugo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.38.2.02","article-title":"Effectiveness of the CANRISK tool in the identification of dysglycemia in First Nations and M\u00e9tis in Canada","volume":"38","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"050003","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5121108","article-title":"Applicability of G-test in analyzing categorical variables","volume":"2138","author":"Ahad","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIP Conf Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-021-01606-x","article-title":"Screening for identifying individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes using the Canadian diabetes risk (CANRISK) questionnaire","volume":"31","author":"Zairina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Public Health (Bangkok)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2018-0567","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes prevalence among Canadian adults---dietary habits and sociodemographic risk factors","volume":"44","author":"Hosseini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib35","series-title":"Diabetes in Canada: Backgrounder","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2474","article-title":"Prevalence of prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in Canada (2007\u20132011) according to fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c screening criteria","volume":"38","author":"Rosella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.10.015","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of diagnosed and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes in older adults: Findings from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)","volume":"110","author":"Leahy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","article-title":"Global regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"402","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.776391","article-title":"Diabetes in homeless persons: Barriers and enablers to health as perceived by patients, medical, and social service providers","volume":"29","author":"Elder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Work Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-0211","article-title":"The association of homelessness with rates of diabetes complications: A population-based cohort study","volume":"46","author":"Sharan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/10530789.2021.1961990","article-title":"Unsheltered homeless and unstably housed adults have higher levels of stress and more health risk factors than sheltered homeless adults","volume":"32","author":"Ra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Soc Distress Homeless"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499267124000662?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1499267124000662?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T15:54:09Z","timestamp":1723305249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1499267124000662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1499267124000662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1499-2671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1499-2671","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Estimating the Rates of Undiagnosed Prediabetes and Diabetes Among People Experiencing Homelessness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Diabetes","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjd.2024.03.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Canadian Diabetes Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}