{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:18:14Z","timestamp":1777393094772,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004595","name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["canadianjournalofophthalmology.ca","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T22:59:23Z","timestamp":1548284363000},"page":"635-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tear cytokine levels in allergic rhinitis without ocular symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8055-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn Li Min","family":"Tai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling Jiunn","family":"Loong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paramananda","family":"Madhusudhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramiza Ramza","family":"Ramli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Che Hussin","family":"Che Maraina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4224-5781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adil","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143651","article-title":"Inter-relationship between rhinitis and conjunctivitis in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and associated risk factors in rural UK children","volume":"10","author":"Perkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2013.27.3965","article-title":"Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the Australian population: burden of disease and attitudes to intranasal corticosteroid treatment","volume":"27","author":"Katelaris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-014-0435-7","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in allergic rhinitis","volume":"14","author":"Scadding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0004","first-page":"441","article-title":"Comparative analysis of tear film levels of inflammatory mediators in contact lens users","volume":"41","author":"Yuksel Elgin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-014-9971-3","article-title":"Tear film inflammatory mediators in patients with keratoconus","volume":"35","author":"Sorkhabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2014.55.1.203","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokine and osmolarity changes in the tears of dry eye patients treated with topical 1% methylprednisolone","volume":"55","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1863-x","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokine profiles in the tears of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy","volume":"250","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.118891","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma","volume":"108","author":"Bousquet","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-198802840-00009","article-title":"Vernal keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"28","author":"Buckley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0010","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Allergic conjunctivitis","volume":"30","author":"Rathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60130-X","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis","volume":"378","author":"Greiner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2013.4.0067","article-title":"The anatomical and functional relationship between allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis","volume":"4","author":"Hom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4052","article-title":"Nasal allergen deposition leads to conjunctival mast cell degranulation in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis","volume":"28","author":"Callebaut","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02360.x","article-title":"Conjunctival effects of a selective nasal pollen provocation","volume":"65","author":"Callebaut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0015","first-page":"111","article-title":"Local expression of IL-4 and IL-5 in perennial allergic rhinitis and their modulation by topical corticosteroid therapy","volume":"11","author":"Hafez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Egypt J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0016","first-page":"794","article-title":"Changes of Th1, Th2 cells and correlative cytokines in allergic rhinitis [in Chinese]","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3831","article-title":"Type 2 cytokines: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"15","author":"Wynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0285-7","article-title":"Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in chronic ocular allergy","volume":"244","author":"Leonardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-014-1275-3","article-title":"Association between promoter polymorphisms of interleukin-4 gene and allergic rhinitis risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.054","article-title":"Allergen immunotherapy in intermittent allergic rhinitis reduces the intracellular expression of IL-4 by CD8+ T cells","volume":"26","author":"Gluck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12608","article-title":"Effect of grass pollen immunotherapy on clinical and local immune response to nasal allergen challenge","volume":"70","author":"Scadding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.7.3853","article-title":"Immunolocalization of cytokines in the nasal mucosa of normal and perennial rhinitic subjects. The mast cell as a source of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 in human allergic mucosal inflammation","volume":"151","author":"Bradding","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158438","article-title":"Thromboxane A2 regulates CXCL1 and CXCL8 chemokine expression in the nasal mucosa-derived fibroblasts of chronic rhinosinusitis patients","volume":"11","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0024","first-page":"1060","article-title":"The effect of TNF-alpha & IL-8 in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis [in Chinese]","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02499.x","article-title":"Multiple cytokines in human tear specimens in seasonal and chronic allergic eye disease and in conjunctival fibroblast cultures","volume":"36","author":"Leonardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01179.x","article-title":"Immunolocalization of cytokines to mast cells in normal and allergic conjunctiva","volume":"27","author":"Macleod","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.8.992","article-title":"Allergen-induced mRNA expression of IL-5, but not of IL-4 and IFN-gamma, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a key feature of clinical manifestation of seasonal allergic rhinitis","volume":"126","author":"Nakai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21737","article-title":"Wraparound eyeglasses improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis","volume":"6","author":"Comert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1159\/000333100","article-title":"Should intranasal corticosteroids be used for the treatment of ocular symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis? A review of their efficacy and safety profile","volume":"158","author":"Lightman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.79.182","article-title":"Mometasone furoate nasal spray relieves the ocular symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis","volume":"79","author":"Igarashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0031","first-page":"167","article-title":"Improvement of quality of life in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients using nasal filters, a preliminary study","volume":"45","author":"D'Amato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2013.4.0065","article-title":"Efficacy of mometasone furoate and fluticasone furoate on persistent allergic rhinoconjunctivitis","volume":"4","author":"Aneeza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.06.008","article-title":"Nasal corticosteroid treatment reduces substance P levels in tear fluid in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis","volume":"109","author":"Callebaut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2012.33.3626","article-title":"Comparison of intranasal azelastine to intranasal fluticasone propionate for symptom control in moderate-to-severe seasonal allergic rhinitis","volume":"33","author":"Carr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0035","first-page":"747","article-title":"Allergy\u2013current insights into prevention and diagnostic workup of immediate-type allergy and treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis","volume":"13","author":"Brehler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(03)80115-7","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison of olopatadine 0.1% ophthalmic solution versus placebo for controlling the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and rhinoconjunctivitis","volume":"25","author":"Abelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(03)80217-5","article-title":"Randomized, double-masked comparison of olopatadine ophthalmic solution, mometasone furoate monohydrate nasal spray, and fexofenadine hydrochloride tablets using the conjunctival and nasal allergen challenge models","volume":"25","author":"Spangler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Ther"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008418218302849?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008418218302849?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T20:08:04Z","timestamp":1757794084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0008418218302849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0008418218302849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tear cytokine levels in allergic rhinitis without ocular symptoms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2018.12.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}