{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:59:42Z","timestamp":1783443582060,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["canadianjournalofophthalmology.ca","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T23:54:23Z","timestamp":1646870063000},"page":"295-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Significance of subconjunctival hemorrhage in predicting ocular pathology for patients with orbital fracture"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8063-5927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jobanpreet","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9221-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges","family":"Nassrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrish","family":"Nithianandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6233-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judy","family":"Gaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Kondoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-1265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Desch\u00eanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004128","article-title":"Trend and demographic characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in level i trauma center","volume":"29","author":"Emodi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31829026ca","article-title":"An analysis of pure blowout fractures and associated ocular symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2007.11.006","article-title":"Trauma to the globe and orbit","volume":"26","author":"Bord","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S14972","article-title":"Orbital fractures: a review","volume":"5","author":"Joseph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-019-04455-3","article-title":"Orbital roof fractures as an indicator for concomitant ocular injury","volume":"257","author":"Santamaria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2019.01.006","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of retrobulbar hematoma diagnosed by computed tomography in cases of orbital fracture","volume":"54","author":"Kondoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2003.08.009","article-title":"Prevalence of significant intraocular sequelae in blunt orbital trauma","volume":"21","author":"Kreidl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S274567","article-title":"Review of ocular injuries in patients with orbital wall fractures: a 5-year retrospective analysis","volume":"14","author":"Terrill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0009","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Subconjunctival hemorrhage: risk factors and potential indicators","volume":"7","author":"Tarlan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1159\/000235798","article-title":"Location and extent of subconjunctival hemorrhage","volume":"224","author":"Mimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0011","first-page":"829","article-title":"Ocular emergencies","volume":"76","author":"Pokhrel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001422","article-title":"Screening criteria for detecting severe ocular injuries in the setting of orbital fractures","volume":"35","author":"Richani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(91)90114-K","article-title":"The characteristics of midfacial fractures and the association with ocular injury: a prospective study","volume":"29","author":"Al-Qurainy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2018.04.024","article-title":"Primary assessment of the patient with orbital fractures should include pupillary response and visual acuity changes to detect occult major ocular injuries","volume":"76","author":"Chow","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(91)90002-M","article-title":"El-Attar A. Midfacial fractures and the eye: the development of a system for detecting patients at risk of eye injury: a prospective evaluation","volume":"29","author":"Al-Qurainy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988309100313","article-title":"Incidence of eye injuries in facial fractures: an analysis of 727 cases","volume":"91","author":"Holt","year":"1983","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(02)01479-5","article-title":"Ocular and periocular injuries from orbital fractures","volume":"195","author":"Cook","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.12.035","article-title":"Ophthalmic injuries in patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures requiring surgical repair","volume":"67","author":"Jamal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.09.006","article-title":"Association between ocular injuries and internal orbital fractures","volume":"65","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.11.1203","article-title":"Traumatic optic neuropathy: visual outcome following combined therapy protocol","volume":"129","author":"Rajiniganth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0021","first-page":"175","article-title":"Traumatic optic neuropathy: a review of 24 patients","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S180058","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome: an update with review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"McCallum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.11.002","article-title":"Lateral canthotomy and cantholysis: emergency management of orbital compartment syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Rowh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001860","article-title":"The frequency of decreased visual acuity in orbital fractures","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-199206000-00006","article-title":"Measurement of globe position in complex orbital fractures: II. Patient evaluation utilizing a modified exophthalmometer","volume":"8","author":"Yeatts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(03)00317-2","article-title":"Clinical signs of orbital wall fractures as a function of anatomic location","volume":"96","author":"Jank","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008418222000461?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0008418222000461?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T20:10:33Z","timestamp":1757794233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0008418222000461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0008418222000461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Significance of subconjunctival hemorrhage in predicting ocular pathology for patients with orbital fracture","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2022.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}