{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:11:57Z","timestamp":1774440717270,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007812","name":"University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001209","name":"Knights Templar Eye Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007817","name":"Alcon Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["canadianjournalofophthalmology.ca","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T15:05:41Z","timestamp":1754406341000},"page":"126-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Refractive and visual outcomes of macular edema of prematurity at 9 months, 2 years, and 5 years of age"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Jolan G.","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najma M.","family":"Adan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masis","family":"Ohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6234-6109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leona","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5466-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex T.","family":"Legocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Gillette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Shariff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Tarczy-Hornoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle T.","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1001\/archopthalmol.2011.1846","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic assessment of severity of cystoid macular edema in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"130","author":"Maldonado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.007","article-title":"Foveal development in the premature infant: the motion picture","volume":"118","author":"Isenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5183","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-7155","article-title":"Understanding clinically undetected macular changes in early retinopathy of prematurity on spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"52","author":"Vinekar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20150909-04","article-title":"The characteristics and short-term refractive error outcomes of cystoid macular edema in premature neonates as detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"46","author":"Bondalapati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imag Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0005","first-page":"2170","article-title":"Cystoid macular edema on optical coherence tomography correlated with worse intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates","volume":"61","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/468653","article-title":"Macular findings obtained by spectral domain optical coherence tomography in retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"2014","author":"Erol","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.102133","article-title":"Effect of macular edema in the premature period on refraction in infants screened and treated for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"33","author":"Cengiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiag Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.09.004","article-title":"Macular OCT characteristics at 36 weeks\u2019 postmenstrual age in infants examined for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"5","author":"Mangalesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.05.028","article-title":"Dynamics of human foveal development after premature birth","volume":"118","author":"Maldonado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.01.028","article-title":"Subclinical macular findings in infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"120","author":"Dubis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M31","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25967","article-title":"IMI\u2014Report on experimental models of emmetropization and myopia","volume":"60","author":"Troilo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.03.027","article-title":"Vitreous findings by handheld spectral-domain OCT correlate with retinopathy of prematurity severity","volume":"4","author":"Legocki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1509","article-title":"Vitreous bands identified by handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography among premature infants","volume":"136","author":"Zepeda","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2020.12.007","article-title":"Dome-shaped macula in premature infants visualized by handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"25","author":"Legocki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.5.26","article-title":"Multivariate models to diagnose early referral-warranted retinopathy of prematurity with handheld optical coherence tomography","volume":"12","author":"Legocki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4403","article-title":"Optimizing hand-held spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging for neonates, infants, and children","volume":"51","author":"Maldonado","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/782420","article-title":"Retinal imaging of infants on spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"2015","author":"Vinekar","year":"2015","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780090710","article-title":"More powerful procedures for multiple significance testing","volume":"9","author":"Hochberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.159879","article-title":"Macular edema in Asian Indian premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity: impact on visual acuity and refractive status after 1-year","volume":"63","author":"Vinekar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.1643","article-title":"Association between retinal microanatomy in preterm infants and 9-month visual acuity","volume":"140","author":"Seely","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.02.040","article-title":"Visual acuity, optical components, and macular abnormalities in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"119","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)31968-2","article-title":"Development of myopia in infants with birth weights less than 1251 grams","volume":"99","author":"Quinn","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.07.028","article-title":"Progression of myopia and high myopia in the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study: findings to 3 years of age","volume":"115","author":"Quinn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2012.10.025","article-title":"Progression of myopia and high myopia in the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study: findings at 4 to 6 years of age","volume":"17","author":"Quinn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.10.1430","article-title":"A population-based study of the refractive outcome in 10-year-old preterm and full-term children","volume":"121","author":"Larsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0176-9","article-title":"The macular findings on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in premature infants with or without retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"36","author":"Gursoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1228","article-title":"Foveal Fine Structure in Retinopathy of Prematurity: An Adaptive Optics Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Study","volume":"49","author":"Hammer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318219e685","article-title":"Critical Period for Foveal Fine Structure in Children with Regressed Retinopathy of Prematurity","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-007-0324-7","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in children born in 1999-2002: epidemiology, outcome and ophthalmological findings","volume":"23","author":"Persson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst ChNS Off J Int Soc Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.74.4.299","article-title":"Vision impairment in Liverpool: prevalence and morbidity","volume":"74","author":"Rogers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.2.143","article-title":"Ophthalmological follow up of preterm infants: a population based, prospective study of visual acuity and strabismus","volume":"83","author":"Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0033","first-page":"157","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of visual functions in prematurely born children\u2013a prospective population-based study up to 10 years of age","volume":"12","author":"Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"2008","journal-title":"J AAPOS Off Publ Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e265","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030265","article-title":"Abnormal cortical development after premature birth shown by altered allometric scaling of brain growth","volume":"3","author":"Kapellou","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.12","article-title":"Long-term ophthalmic outcome of low birth weight children with and without retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"109","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F265","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.104000","article-title":"Children born weighing less than 1701 g: visual and cognitive outcomes at 11-14 years","volume":"92","author":"Stephenson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000841822500331X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000841822500331X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T09:01:21Z","timestamp":1774429281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000841822500331X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S000841822500331X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Refractive and visual outcomes of macular edema of prematurity at 9 months, 2 years, and 5 years of age","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}