{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:46:40Z","timestamp":1785779200849,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004328","name":"Genentech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004328","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011151","name":"American Academy of Ophthalmology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007337","name":"Massachusetts Eye and Ear","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["canadianjournalofophthalmology.ca","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T12:30:37Z","timestamp":1764765037000},"page":"693-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and management outcomes of pediatric full-thickness macular holes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3571-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayush A.","family":"Parikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3922-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Hoyek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertan","family":"Cakir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Chaaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizuo","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimesh A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.01.052","article-title":"Population-based incidence of macular holes","volume":"116","author":"McCannel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000494","article-title":"Pediatric traumatic macular hole\u2014a review","volume":"64","author":"Cakir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2023.06.011","article-title":"Idiopathic full-thickness macular hole in a pediatric patient: case report and long-term follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh P, Murthy H, Rao KS. Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy complicated with macular hole retinal detachment. 2023;16:333\u20135.","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.ojo_305_21"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.09.014","article-title":"Etiologies, characteristics, and management of pediatric macular hole","volume":"210","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530701418441","article-title":"Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and macular hole exhibited in same individual","volume":"22","author":"Khwarg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011048","article-title":"Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy complicated with full thickness macular hole: a case report","volume":"97","author":"Kimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0008","first-page":"7","article-title":"Accidental Nd:YAG laser-induced macular hole in a pediatric patient","volume":"44 Online","author":"Fernandez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/2474126419887555","article-title":"A multicenter study of pediatric macular holes: surgical outcomes with microincisional vitrectomy surgery","volume":"4","author":"Kothari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vitreoretin Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.09.004","article-title":"Long-term follow-up and outcomes in traumatic macular holes","volume":"160","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01535-0","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of traumatic","volume":"134","author":"Yamada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller JB, Yonekawa Y, Eliott D, Vavvas DG. A review of traumatic macular hole: diagnosis and treatment. 2013;53:59\u201367.","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e3182a26efe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.12.20","article-title":"Traumatic macular hole study: a multicenter comparative study between immediate vitrectomy and six-month observation for spontaneous closure","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14659","article-title":"A novel excel sheet conversion tool from Snellen fraction to logMAR including \u2018counting fingers\u2019, \u2018hand movement\u2019, \u2018light perception\u2019 and \u2018no light perception\u2019 and focused review of literature of low visual acuity reference values","volume":"99","author":"Moussa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.042","article-title":"The international vitreomacular traction study group classification of vitreomacular adhesion, traction, and macular hole","volume":"120","author":"Duker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580600665886","article-title":"Epidemiology of blinding trauma in the United States Eye Injury Registry","volume":"13","author":"Kuhn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.86326","article-title":"Bilateral macular holes in X-linked retinoschisis: now the spectrum is wider","volume":"59","author":"Gautam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702338","article-title":"Macular hole secondary to X-linked retinoschisis","volume":"20","author":"Shukla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000000613","article-title":"Macular hole in a young patient affected by familial exudative vitreoretinopathy","volume":"14","author":"Bochicchio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retin Cases Br Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01303-4","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of traumatic macular hole","volume":"133","author":"Yamashita","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.09.014","article-title":"Etiologies, characteristics, and management of pediatric macular hole","volume":"210","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prediction of spontaneous closure of traumatic macular hole with spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002590","article-title":"Prevalence and time trends of myopia in children and adolescents in China: a systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.4103\/ojo.OJO_99_2019","article-title":"Spontaneous closure of a large traumatic macular hole","volume":"13","author":"Ganne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oman J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199919050-00026","article-title":"Imaging of a traumatic macular hole with spontaneous closure","volume":"19","author":"Parmar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000477177","article-title":"Inner limiting membrane peel, and gas tamponade in the management of traumatic paediatric macular holes: a case series of 13 patients","volume":"238","author":"Brennan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0000000000001010","article-title":"Induction of posterior vitreous detachment in pediatric patients by radial perifoveal stripping","volume":"16","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000841822500448X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S000841822500448X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T08:37:03Z","timestamp":1781253423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S000841822500448X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S000841822500448X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical characteristics and management outcomes of pediatric full-thickness macular holes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2025.10.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}