{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T05:08:32Z","timestamp":1783228112646,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cleaner Production"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T04:00:25Z","timestamp":1375416025000},"page":"10-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":271,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Three perspectives on sustainable food security: efficiency, demand restraint, food system transformation. What role for life cycle assessment?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Tara","family":"Garnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib1","series-title":"Meeting the Challenge: Agriculture Industry GHG Action Plan Delivery of Phase I: 2010\u20132012","author":"ADAS, AEA (Agricultural Engineering Association)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib2","series-title":"Food, Land and Greenhouse Gases. the Effect of Changes in UK Food Consumption on Land Requirements and Greenhouse Gas Emissions","author":"Audsley","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0309-1740(03)00156-6","article-title":"Effect of grass or concentrate feeding systems and rate of growth on triglyceride and phospholipid and their fatty acids in the M. longissimus thoracis of lambs","volume":"66","author":"Aurousseau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Meat Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib4","series-title":"Achieving Food Security in the Face of Climate Change: Summary for Policy Makers from the Commission on Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change","author":"Beddington","year":"2011"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12052","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914216107","article-title":"Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification","volume":"107","author":"Burney","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.26736AA","article-title":"Potential contributions of food consumption patterns to climate change","volume":"89","author":"Carlsson-Kanyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib7","series-title":"Beyond Factory Farming: Sustainable Solutions for Animals, People and the Planet, Compassion in World Farming","author":"CIWF","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib8","series-title":"Looking Ahead in World Food and Agriculture: Perspectives to 2050, Rome","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2009.08.017","article-title":"Environmental impact of four meals with different protein sources: case studies in Spain and Sweden","volume":"43","author":"Davis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Research International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib10","series-title":"Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Food Commodities Procured for UK Consumption through a Diversity of Supply Chains, Research Undertaken for Defra by AEA, ADAS, Ed Moorhouse, Paul Watkiss Associates, AHDBM, Marintek","author":"Defra","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2005.07.006","article-title":"Fatty acids of lamb meat from two breeds fed different forage: concentrate ratio","volume":"72","author":"Demirel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meat Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651103200307","article-title":"The importance of milk and other animal-source foods for children in low-income countries","volume":"32","author":"Dror","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food & Nutrition Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.03.058","article-title":"Missing carbon reductions? Exploring rebound and backfire effects in UK households","volume":"39","author":"Druckman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3197\/096327106778226284","article-title":"Environmentalism: a secular faith","volume":"15","author":"Dunlap","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Values"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib15","series-title":"Environmental Impact of Products (EIPRO): Analysis of the Life Cycle Environmental Impacts Related to the Total Final Consumption of the EU25","author":"EC","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2008.01.008","article-title":"Testing the assertion that \u2018local food is best\u2019: the challenges of an evidence-based approach","volume":"19","author":"Edwards-Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends in Food Science & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib17","series-title":"Livestock's Long Shadow","author":"FAO","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib18","series-title":"An Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Food Security, FAO, 2008 EC \u2013 FAO Food Security Programme","author":"FAO","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib19","series-title":"Final Document: International Scientific Symposium Biodiversity and Sustainable Diets: United against Hunger. 3\u20135 November 2010","author":"FAO","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib20","series-title":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Dairy Sector: a Life Cycle Assessment","author":"FAO","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib21","series-title":"The State of Food Insecurity in the World","author":"FAO","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib22","unstructured":"Fife Diet, undated http:\/\/www.fifediet.co.uk\/about-us\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1126\/science.334.6056.593-a","article-title":"Conservation: limits of land sparing","volume":"334","author":"Fischer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib24","series-title":"Healthy Planet Eating: How Lower Meat Diets Can Save Lives and the Planet","author":"FOE","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10452","article-title":"Solutions for a cultivated planet","volume":"478","author":"Foley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib26","series-title":"The Future of Food and Farming","author":"Foresight","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2010.10.010","article-title":"Where are the best opportunities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the food system (including the food chain)?","volume":"36","author":"Garnett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib28","series-title":"Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture. Navigating a Course through Competing Food System Priorities, Food Climate Research Network and the Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food","author":"Garnett","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib29","first-page":"327","article-title":"Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people","author":"Godfray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib30","series-title":"Global Food Losses and Food Waste","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib31","series-title":"Meat Eater's Guide to Climate Change and Health","author":"Hamerschlag","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib32","unstructured":"Harvest Plus, undated. http:\/\/www.harvestplus.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib33","series-title":"Understanding the Links between Agriculture and Health","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib34","series-title":"Why We Disagree about Climate Change: Understanding Controversy, Inaction and Opportunity","author":"Hulme","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib35","series-title":"Agriculture at a Crossroads","author":"(IAAKSTD)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib36","series-title":"U.S. Dairy Sustainability Commitment Progress Report","author":"ICUSD","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib37","series-title":"A\u00a0Global Dairy Agenda for Action \u2013 Climate Change","author":"IDF","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib38","series-title":"Prosperity without Growth: Economics for a Finite Planet","author":"Jackson","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2006.03.014","article-title":"Biofortification, biodiversity and diet: a search for complementary applications against poverty and malnutrition","volume":"32","author":"Johns","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-009-0132-2","article-title":"Life cycle inventory modelling of land use induced by crop consumption part 2: example of wheat consumption in Brazil, China, Denmark and the USA","volume":"15","author":"Kl\u00f8verpris","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib41","unstructured":"La Via Campesina, 2011. http:\/\/viacampesina.org\/en\/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=27&Itemid=44."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib42","series-title":"\u201cFair Miles\u201d? The Concept of \u201cfood Miles\u201d through a Sustainable Development Lens","author":"MacGregor","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2008.10.008","article-title":"Increasing world consumption of beef as a driver of regional and global change: a call for policy action based on evidence from Queensland (Australia), Colombia and Brazil","volume":"19","author":"McAlpine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Global Environmental Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2009.03.014","article-title":"How Cost-Effective is Biofortification in Combating Micronutrient Malnutrition? An Ex ante Assessment","volume":"38","author":"Meenakshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib45","series-title":"IFPRI 2020 Conference: Leveraging Agriculture for Improving Nutrition and Health February 10-12, 2011; New Delhi, India","article-title":"Feeding the Future\u2019s changing diets implications for agriculture markets, nutrition, and policy","author":"Msangi","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2012.03.005","article-title":"Estimation of the variability in global warming potential of global crop production using a modular extrapolation approach (MEXALCA)","volume":"31","author":"Nemecek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib47","series-title":"Growing a Better Future: Food Justice in a Resource-constrained World","author":"Oxfam","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib48","article-title":"Red meat consumption and mortality results from 2 prospective cohort studies","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3065","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0126","article-title":"Food waste within food supply chains: quantification and potential for change to 2050","volume":"B 365","author":"Parfitt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004659107","article-title":"Forecasting potential global environmental costs of livestock production 2000\u20132050","author":"Pelletier","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2010.03.009","article-title":"Comparative life cycle environmental impacts of three beef production strategies in the Upper Midwestern United States","volume":"103","author":"Pelletier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agricultural Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208742","article-title":"Reconciling food production and biodiversity conservation: land sharing and land sparing compared","volume":"333","author":"Phalan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802804","article-title":"The nutrition transition: worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants","volume":"28","author":"Popkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665199000312","article-title":"Plenary lecture: alternative futures for world cereal and meat consumption in meat or wheat for the next millennium?","volume":"58","author":"Rosegrant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-012-0434-7","article-title":"Including CO2 implications of land occupation in LCAs\u2014method and example for livestock products","author":"Schmidinger","year":"2012","journal-title":"The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib56","series-title":"Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes","author":"Schroth","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib57","first-page":"1238","article-title":"Greenhouse gases through emissions from use of U.S","volume":"319","author":"Searchinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Croplands for Biofuels Increases Land Use Change Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib58","series-title":"Poverty and Famines","author":"Sen","year":"1981"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib59","first-page":"422","article-title":"The relative importance of transport in determining an appropriate sustainability strategy for food sourcing","volume":"12","author":"Sim","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.6","article-title":"Meat intake and mortality: a prospective study of over half a million people","volume":"169","author":"Sinha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5170","DOI":"10.3402\/fnr.v54i0.5732","article-title":"Nutrient density of beverages in relation to climate impact","volume":"54","author":"Smedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food & Nutrition Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib62","series-title":"Telling Porkies: the Big Fat Lie about Doubling Food Production","author":"Soil Association","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-008-9534-6","article-title":"Climate benefits of changing diet","volume":"95","author":"Stehfest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"issue":"9793","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60813-1","article-title":"The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments","volume":"378","author":"Swinburn","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib65","series-title":"Annual Report 2012","author":"Tesco","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116437108","article-title":"Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture","volume":"108","author":"Tilman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2006.05.001","article-title":"Biodiversity and nutrition: a common path toward global food security and sustainable development","volume":"19","author":"Toledo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib68","series-title":"The Environmental Food Crisis: the Environment\u2019s Role in Averting Future Food Crises","author":"UNEP","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib69","series-title":"FAO, Partners, Urge Greater Push to Reduce Food Losses and Waste","author":"United Nations","year":"2012"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1021\/es702969f","article-title":"Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States","volume":"42","author":"Weber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib71","series-title":"Determining the Environmental Burdens and Resource Use in the Production of Agricultural and Horticultural Commodities","author":"Williams","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib72","series-title":"Household Food and Drink Waste in the UK","author":"WRAP","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib73","series-title":"Environmental Audit Committee: Written Evidence Submitted by WRAP","author":"WRAP","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib74","series-title":"Courtauld Commitment 2 Voluntary Agreement 2010\u20132012 Signatory Case Studies and Quotes, Waste Resources Action Programme","author":"WRAP","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045_bib75","series-title":"Relative Contribution of Different Food Groups to Diet Related GHG Emissions","author":"WWF","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cleaner Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959652613005064?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959652613005064?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T02:21:05Z","timestamp":1539483665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959652613005064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0959652613005064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-6526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-6526","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Three perspectives on sustainable food security: efficiency, demand restraint, food system transformation. What role for life cycle assessment?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cleaner Production","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.07.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}