{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:46:28Z","timestamp":1781855188905,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cleaner Production"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T20:25:04Z","timestamp":1595103904000},"page":"123008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of income inequality and environmental regulation on environmental quality: Evidence from China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"Anhua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1080\/15567249.2016.1249807","article-title":"Convergence of CO2 emissions and economic growth in the OECD countries: did the type of fuel matter?","volume":"12","author":"Acar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Sources B Energy Econ. Plann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.01.144","article-title":"Effects of energy production and CO2 emissions on economic growth in Iran: ARDL approach","volume":"123","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.12.106","article-title":"Modelling the CO2 emissions and economic growth in Croatia: is there any environmental Kuznets curve?","volume":"123","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.112","article-title":"Revealing stylized empirical interactions among construction sector, urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in China","volume":"657","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2012.02.022","article-title":"Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth nexus in Bangladesh: cointegration and dynamic causality analysis","volume":"45","author":"Alam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6437-3","article-title":"Dynamic impact of urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness on CO (2) emissions in Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/reep\/res016","article-title":"The porter hypothesis at 20: can environmental regulation enhance innovation and competitiveness?","volume":"7","author":"Ambec","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Econ. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.05.024","article-title":"Decoupling economic growth from carbon dioxide emissions: a decomposition analysis of Italian energy consumption","volume":"44","author":"Andreoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2007.03.032","article-title":"CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France","volume":"35","author":"Ang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2014.01.003","article-title":"Renewable energy, output, CO2 emissions, and fossil fuel prices in Central America: evidence from a nonlinear panel smooth transition vector error correction model","volume":"42","author":"Apergis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.07.237","article-title":"Sectoral carbon emissions and economic growth in the US: further evidence from rolling window estimation method","volume":"200","author":"Aslan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1080\/00036840601018994","article-title":"Environment and development: is there a Kuznets curve for CO2emissions?","volume":"41","author":"Aslanidis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9567-3","article-title":"Economic growth and environmental pollution in Myanmar: an analysis of environmental Kuznets curve","volume":"24","author":"Aung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.06.087","article-title":"Does environmental degradation shackle economic growth? A panel data investigation on 11 Asian countries","volume":"65","author":"Azam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2013.07.097","article-title":"Does income inequality harm the environment?: empirical evidence from the United States","volume":"62","author":"Baek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib16","first-page":"627","article-title":"Economic growth, CO2 emissions, renewable waste and FDI relation in Pakistan: new evidences from 3SLS","volume":"196","author":"Bakhsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355770X00000267","article-title":"Freedom, growth, and the environment","volume":"5","author":"Barrett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2307\/1907743","article-title":"A\u00a0generalized classical method of linear estimation of coefficients in a structural equation","volume":"25","author":"Basmann, R","year":"1957","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.07.037","article-title":"Intake fraction estimates for on-road fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions: exploring spatial variation of emissions and population distribution in Lisbon, Portugal","volume":"190","author":"Bastos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2015.04.026","article-title":"Mechanisms explaining the impact of economic inequality on environmental deterioration","volume":"116","author":"Berthe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0244-3","article-title":"Economic growth and CO2 emissions: an investigation with smooth transition autoregressive distributed lag models for the 1800-2014 period in the USA","volume":"25","author":"Bildirici","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2014.03.005","article-title":"Distribution of income and toxic emissions in Maine, United States: inequality in two dimensions","volume":"102","author":"Bouvier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2016.05.036","article-title":"CO2 emission and economic growth in Algeria","volume":"96","author":"Bouznit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8009(94)90198-8","article-title":"Inequality as a cause of environmental degradation","volume":"11","author":"Boyce","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2012.04.011","article-title":"Association between unemployment, income, education level, population size and air pollution in Czech cities: evidence for environmental inequality? A pilot national scale analysis","volume":"18","author":"Branis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-9053(00)15006-6","article-title":"The local power of some unit root tests for panel data","volume":"15","author":"Breitung","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv. Econom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(97)00178-X","article-title":"Economic growth and emissions: reconsidering the empirical basis of environmental Kuznets curves","volume":"25","author":"Bruyn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.02.006","article-title":"Environmental regulations and emissions trading in China","volume":"38","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.09.005","article-title":"Does income inequality modify the association between air pollution and health?","volume":"106","author":"Charafeddine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1021\/es803044n","article-title":"Economic damages from nutrient pollution create a \"toxic debt","volume":"43","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/592\/1\/012201","article-title":"The impact of Income Gap on Environmental Pollution: empirical evidence from China\u2019s energy producing regions","volume":"592","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X10380114","article-title":"Factors influencing municipal solid waste generation in China: a multiple statistical analysis study","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Waste Manag. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5606(00)00048-6","article-title":"Unit root tests for panel data","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Int. Money Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/02508060.2015.1036387","article-title":"The relation between water pollution and economic growth using the environmental Kuznets curve: a case study in South Korea","volume":"40","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2004.08.001","article-title":"Industrial characteristics, environmental regulations and air pollution: an analysis of the UK manufacturing sector","volume":"50","author":"Cole","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Econ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(01)00280-4","article-title":"Causality between income and emission: a country group-specific econometric analysis","volume":"40","author":"Coondoo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.07.001","article-title":"Carbon dioxide emission and income: a temporal analysis of cross-country distributional patterns","volume":"65","author":"Coondoo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2012.06.015","article-title":"On the economic factors of deforestation: what can we learn from quantile analysis?","volume":"29","author":"Damette","year":"2012","journal-title":"Econ. Modell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1177\/0958305X18793109","article-title":"Income inequality and CO2 emissions: empirical evidence from Turkey","volume":"30","author":"Demir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2005.03.028","article-title":"Income and emission: a panel data-based cointegration analysis","volume":"57","author":"Dinda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.05.322","article-title":"CO2 emissions, natural gas and renewables, economic growth: assessing the evidence from China","volume":"640\u2013641","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.10.010","article-title":"The process of peak CO2 emissions in developed economies: a perspective of industrialization and urbanization","volume":"141","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2018.10.051","article-title":"Does economic growth eat up environmental improvements? Electricity production and fossil fuel emission in OECD countries 1980-2014","volume":"125","author":"Dyrstad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3977.1212","article-title":"Impact of population growth","volume":"171","author":"Ehrlich","year":"1971","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.02.010","article-title":"The health burden and economic costs averted by ambient PM2.5 pollution reductions in Nagpur, India","volume":"102","author":"Etchie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2009.11.002","article-title":"Economic growth and pollutant emissions in Tunisia: an empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve","volume":"38","author":"Fodha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7295.2008.00122.x","article-title":"Inequality and growth in the United States: evidence from a new state-level panel of income inequality measure","volume":"47","author":"Frank","year":"2009","journal-title":"Econ. Inq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(03)00008-9","article-title":"Determinants of CO2 emissions in a small open economy","volume":"45","author":"Friedl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib49","first-page":"99","article-title":"International trade and air pollution: estimating the economic costs of air emissions from waterborne commerce vessels in the United States","volume":"77","author":"Gallagher","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.01.040","article-title":"Examining carbon emissions economic growth nexus for India: a multivariate cointegration approach","volume":"38","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2012.07.025","article-title":"Income inequality and carbon dioxide emissions: the case of Chinese urban households","volume":"34","author":"Golley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2011.02.002","article-title":"Characterising socio-economic inequalities in exposure to air pollution: a comparison of socio-economic markers and scales of measurement","volume":"17","author":"Goodman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2307\/2118443","article-title":"Economic growth and the environment","volume":"110","author":"Grossman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Q.\u00a0J. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Income inequality and carbon emissions","author":"Grunewald","year":"2012","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2017.06.034","article-title":"The trade-off between income inequality and carbon dioxide emissions","volume":"142","author":"Grunewald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.03.025","article-title":"Will income inequality affect environmental quality? Analysis based on China\u2019s provincial panel data","volume":"67","author":"Hao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Indicat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.10.195","article-title":"How harmful is air pollution to economic development? New evidence from PM2.5 concentrations of Chinese cities","volume":"172","author":"Hao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.325","article-title":"Dynamic relationship among environmental regulation, innovation, CO2 emissions, population, and economic growth in OECD countries: a panel investigation","volume":"231","author":"Hashmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(01)00171-9","article-title":"Income inequality and the environment: aggregation bias in environmental Kuznets curves","volume":"38","author":"Heerink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib60","first-page":"85","article-title":"Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions and economic growth","volume":"57","author":"Holtz-Eakin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Publ. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2010.03.005","article-title":"Effects of environmental regulations on heavy metal pollution decline in core sediments from Manila Bay","volume":"60","author":"Hosono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2016.12.015","article-title":"The inequality-emissions nexus in the context of trade and development: a quantile regression approach","volume":"134","author":"H\u00fcbler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2016.12.015","article-title":"The inequality-emissions nexus in the context of trade and development: a quantile regression approach","volume":"134","author":"Hubler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(03)00092-7","article-title":"Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels","volume":"115","author":"Im","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Econom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.07.073","article-title":"RETRACTED: on the interplay between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emission nexus in the GCC countries: a comparative analysis through wavelet approaches","volume":"51","author":"Jammazi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib66","series-title":"Principal Component Analysis","first-page":"115","author":"Jolliffe","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2016.12.016","article-title":"Income inequality and carbon emissions in the United States: a state-level analysis, 1997\u20132012","volume":"134","author":"Jorgenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(98)00023-2","article-title":"Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data","volume":"90","author":"Kao","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Econom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6308","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0719-2","article-title":"Financial development, income inequality, and CO2 emissions in Asian countries using STIRPAT model","volume":"25","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/15567036.2018.1504145","article-title":"Environmental regulations an option: asymmetry effect of environmental regulations on carbon emissions using non-linear ARDL","volume":"41","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energ Source Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.05.047","article-title":"The relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth: the case of Korea with nonlinear evidence","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2004.05.006","article-title":"Quantile regression for longitudinal data","volume":"91","author":"Koenker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Multivar Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2010.01.010","article-title":"Air pollution, economic activity and respiratory illness: evidence from Canadian cities, 1974-1994","volume":"25","author":"Koop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.06.003","article-title":"The role of environmental regulation in the future competitiveness of the pulp and paper industry: the case of the sulfur emissions directive in Northern Europe","volume":"108","author":"Korhonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib74","first-page":"1","article-title":"Economic growth and income inequality","volume":"45","author":"Kuznets","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.2307\/2234247","article-title":"Inequality decomposition analysis and the Gini coefficient revisited","volume":"103","author":"Lambert","year":"1993","journal-title":"Econ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/1368-423X.00059","article-title":"Likelihood-based cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels","volume":"4","author":"Larsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Econom. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(01)00098-7","article-title":"Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties","volume":"108","author":"Levin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Econom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.07.185","article-title":"Impacts of urbanization and industrialization on energy consumption\/CO2 emissions: does the level of development matter?","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.05.026","article-title":"Assessing groundwater pollution hazard changes under different socio-economic and environmental scenarios in an agricultural watershed","volume":"530","author":"Lima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.10.156","article-title":"Urbanization and industrialization impact of CO2 emissions in China","volume":"172","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.04.138","article-title":"The impact of urbanization on GHG emissions in China: the role of population density","volume":"157","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.01.242","article-title":"Does income inequality facilitate carbon emission reduction in the US?","volume":"217","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/90785","article-title":"Spatial spillover effects of environmental regulations on China\u2019s haze pollution based on static and dynamic spatial panel data models","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.11.082","article-title":"Examining the effects of income inequality on CO2 emissions: evidence from non-spatial and spatial perspectives","volume":"236","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Energ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.07.057","article-title":"The link between green taxation and economic growth on CO2 emissions: fresh evidence from Malaysia","volume":"38","author":"Loganathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.08.002","article-title":"Does the air pollution model influence the evidence of socio-economic disparities in exposure and susceptibility?","volume":"167","author":"Loizeau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1006\/jeem.1994.1032","article-title":"The environment as a factor of production: the effects of economic growth and trade liberalization","volume":"27","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Econ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.11.182","article-title":"Effects of urbanization on freight transport carbon emissions in China: common characteristics and regional disparity","volume":"211","author":"Lv","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.08.152","article-title":"Spatial linkage analysis of the impact of regional economic activities on PM2.5 pollution in China","volume":"139","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib90","first-page":"1","article-title":"Is skewed income distribution good for environmental quality? A comparative analysis among selected BRICS countries","volume":"25","author":"Mahalik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/07474939808800403","article-title":"A\u00a0residual-based test of the null of cointegration in panel data","volume":"17","author":"McCoskey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Econom. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib92","series-title":"China Environmental Quality Statistical Bulletin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192461","article-title":"The distribution of income is worse than you think: including pollution impacts into measures of income inequality","volume":"13","author":"Muller","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib94","series-title":"National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of China (1998-2017) China Statistical Yearbook","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa9cb5","article-title":"Impact, efficiency, inequality, and injustice of urban air pollution: variability by emission location","volume":"13","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.056","article-title":"Environmental regulation, economic growth and air pollution: panel threshold analysis for OECD countries","volume":"657","author":"Ouyang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.01.059","article-title":"Economic growth, energy, and environmental Kuznets curve","volume":"72","author":"\u00d6zokcu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.08.045","article-title":"CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in BRIC countries","volume":"38","author":"Pao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266466604203073","article-title":"Panel cointegration: asymptotic and finite sample properties OF pooled time series tests with an application to the PPP hypothesis","volume":"20","author":"Pedroni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Econom. Theor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2007.08.010","article-title":"Modeling population dynamics and economic growth as competing species: an application to CO2 global emissions","volume":"65","author":"Puliafito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.05.028","article-title":"Does the need for economic growth influence energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Nigeria? Evidence from the innovation accounting test","volume":"62","author":"Rafindadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2005.07.025","article-title":"Impact of water pollution on rural communities: an economic analysis","volume":"58","author":"Reddy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.08.113","article-title":"The effects of three types of environmental regulation on eco-efficiency: a cross-region analysis in China","volume":"173","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.05.054","article-title":"Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council countries","volume":"73","author":"Salahuddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1006\/jeem.1994.1031","article-title":"Environmental quality and development: is there a Kuznets curve for air pollution emissions?","volume":"27","author":"Selden","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Econ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib106","first-page":"3","article-title":"Economic growth and environmental quality: time series and cross-country evidence","volume":"1","author":"Shafik","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pol. Res. Working Paper"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2012.10.069","article-title":"Economic and environmental effects under resource scarcity and substitution between renewable and non-renewable resources","volume":"54","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2016.02.010","article-title":"Trilateral association between SO2\/NO2 emission, inequality in energy intensity, and economic growth: a case of Indian cities","volume":"7","author":"Sinha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.06.101","article-title":"Dynamics of energy use, technological innovation, economic growth and trade openness in Malaysia","volume":"90","author":"Sohag","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7294","DOI":"10.1021\/es800645j","article-title":"The impacts of urbanization on emissions and air quality: comparison of four visions of Austin, Texas","volume":"42","author":"Song","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-017-1955-7","article-title":"Economic growth and global particulate pollution concentrations","volume":"142","author":"Stern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib112","first-page":"1","article-title":"Economic growth and environmental degradation: a critique of the environmental Kuznets curve","volume":"8","author":"Stern","year":"1994","journal-title":"Work. Dis. Paper."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.09.113","article-title":"Literature survey on the relationships between energy, environment and economic growth","volume":"69","author":"Tiba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(97)00177-8","article-title":"Income, inequality, and pollution: a reassessment of the environmental Kuznets Curve","volume":"25","author":"Torras","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16111967","article-title":"Are air pollution, economic and non-economic factors associated with per capita health expenditures? Evidence from emerging economies","volume":"16","author":"Usman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.169","article-title":"The nexus between income inequality and CO2 emissions in Turkey","volume":"227","author":"Uzar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.03.301","article-title":"Is China\u2019s economic growth decoupled from carbon emissions?","volume":"225","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2017.03.032","article-title":"Panel estimation for the impacts of population-related factors on CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Indicat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.06.025","article-title":"Urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions: empirical evidence from countries with different income levels","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-018-1655-7","article-title":"Does environmental regulation affect CO2 emissions? Analysis based on threshold effect model","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clean Technol. Environ. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0084.2004.00118.x","article-title":"A\u00a0panel CUSUM test of the null of cointegration\u2217","volume":"67","author":"Westerlund","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.11.149","article-title":"Income distribution and CO2 emission: a comparative analysis for China and India","volume":"74","author":"Wolde-Rufael","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.384","article-title":"Decoupling China\u2019s economic growth from carbon emissions: empirical studies from 30 Chinese provinces (2001-2015)","volume":"656","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.08.144","article-title":"Environmental regulation and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis: do environmental regulation measures matter?","volume":"202","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8009(03)00188-5","article-title":"STIRPAT, IPAT and ImPACT: analytic tools for unpacking the driving forces of environmental impacts","volume":"46","author":"York","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2307\/1911287","article-title":"Three-stage least squares: simultaneous estimation of simultaneous equations","volume":"30","author":"Zellner","year":"1962","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2014.09.048","article-title":"Panel estimation for income inequality and CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Energ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22575","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05447-w","article-title":"Heterogeneous role of renewable energy consumption in economic growth and emissions reduction: evidence from a panel quantile regression","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cleaner Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959652620330535?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959652620330535?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T16:11:40Z","timestamp":1760717500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959652620330535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":129,"alternative-id":["S0959652620330535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-6526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-6526","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of income inequality and environmental regulation on environmental quality: Evidence from China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cleaner Production","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"123008"}}