{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:25:41Z","timestamp":1774531541351,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cleaner Production"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T18:10:15Z","timestamp":1633111815000},"page":"129224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sustainability in executive remuneration - A missing link towards more sustainable firms?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"324","author":[{"given":"Heta","family":"Hartikainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"J\u00e4rvenp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4549-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Rautiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1108\/JAAR-12-2013-0123","article-title":"The use of sustainability incentives in executive remuneration contracts: firm characteristics and impact on the shareholders' returns","volume":"17","author":"Abdelmotaal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Account. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1108\/09513570210418905","article-title":"Internal organisational factors influencing corporate social and ethical reporting: beyond current theorizing","volume":"15","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Account Audit. Account. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1108\/09513570710748553","article-title":"Making a difference: sustainability reporting, accountability and organisational change","volume":"20","author":"Adams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Account Audit. Account. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.1318","article-title":"A closer look at the \u2018global reporting initiative\u2019 sustainability reporting as a tool to implement environmental and social policies: a worldwide sector analysis","volume":"21","author":"Alonso-Almeida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Corp. Soc. Responsib. Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-011-1063-y","article-title":"Sustainability practices and corporate financial performance: a study based on the top global corporations","volume":"108","author":"Ameer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6622.2005.00056.x","article-title":"Pay without performance: overview of the issues","volume":"17","author":"Bebchuk","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Applied Corp. Fin."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib8","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Paying for long-term performance","volume":"158","author":"Bebchuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Univ. Penn. Law Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpa.2010.06.020","article-title":"The absence of corporate social responsibility reporting in Bangladesh","volume":"22","author":"Belal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Perspect. Account."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib10","series-title":"Global Compensation: Foundations and Perspectives","first-page":"206","article-title":"Beyond financial performance: is there something missing in executive compensation schemes?","author":"Berrone","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1002\/hrm.20324","article-title":"The pros and cons of rewarding social responsibility at the top","volume":"48","author":"Berrone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2009.36461950","article-title":"Environmental performance and executive compensation: an integrated agency-institutional perspective","volume":"52","author":"Berrone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib13","article-title":"The impact of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility at the board-level: a critical assessment","volume":"291","author":"Bolourian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-937X.2006.00388.x","article-title":"Executive compensation and short-termist behaviour in speculative markets","volume":"73","author":"Bolton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Econ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib15","series-title":"The Future of Reporting: Introducing the GRI Standards","author":"Buck","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-629X.2012.00498.x","article-title":"Business strategy, executive compensation and firm performance","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Account. Finance"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib17","first-page":"27","article-title":"Executive equity compensation and incentives: a survey","volume":"9","author":"Core","year":"2003","journal-title":"Econ. Pol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1525\/cmr.2014.56.2.130","article-title":"Contesting the value of \u201ccreating shared value\u201d","volume":"56","author":"Crane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calif. Manag. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib19","first-page":"329","article-title":"The effects of CEO pay structure on corporate social performance","volume":"32","author":"Deckop","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2307\/258887","article-title":"The stakeholder theory of the corporation: concepts, evidence and implications","volume":"20","author":"Donaldson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-008-9893-y","article-title":"CSR, transparency and the role of intermediate organisations","volume":"82","author":"Dubbink","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib22","series-title":"Cannibals with Forks: the Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business","author":"Elkington","year":"2011"},{"issue":"124","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-013-1864-2","article-title":"The role of CEO's personal incentives in driving corporate social responsibility","author":"Fabrizi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-013-1748-5","article-title":"Effect of stakeholders' pressure on transparency of sustainability reports within the GRI framework","volume":"122","author":"Fernandez-Feijoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib25","series-title":"FIBS: Businesses Wake up - Corporate Responsibility Is Not Quick Trade, but a Prerequisite of Success","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.1730","article-title":"Focus and standardization of sustainability reporting \u2013 a comparative study of the United Kingdom and Finland","volume":"21","author":"Fifka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bus. Strat. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib1","series-title":"Securities Market Association","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib28","series-title":"Reporting Principles and Standard Disclosures","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib29","series-title":"Sustainability Disclose Database","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib30","series-title":"GRI 102: General Disclosures 2016","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcorpfin.2011.06.002","article-title":"Managerial compensation","volume":"17","author":"Goergen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Corp. Finance"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib32","first-page":"597","article-title":"Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research","volume":"8","author":"Golafshani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib33","series-title":"The Handbook of Transnational Governance: Institutions and Innovations","author":"Hale","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-015-2962-0","article-title":"Corporate governance and executive compensation for corporate social responsibility","volume":"136","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib35","series-title":"Integrating stakeholder theory and sustainability accounting: a conceptual synthesis","author":"H\u00f6risch","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpa.2019.102145","article-title":"Sustainability performance reporting: a technocratic shadowing and silencing","volume":"74","author":"Journeault","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Perspect. Account."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib37","series-title":"Greening the Green: Linking Executive Compensation to Sustainability","author":"Keatinge","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib38","series-title":"2017 Global 100 Results","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-012-1614-x","article-title":"Sustainable bonuses: sign of corporate responsibility or window dressing?","volume":"119","author":"Kolk","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1108\/11766090810910218","article-title":"Environmental and performance management forces. Integrating \u201cgreenness\u201d into balanced scorecard","volume":"5","author":"L\u00e4nsiluoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Account. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1177\/0007650309345420","article-title":"The contested politics of corporate governance: the case of the global reporting initiative","volume":"49","author":"Levy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bus. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/rfs\/hhw011","article-title":"Executive compensation incentives contingent on long-term accounting performance","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Financ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.1880","article-title":"Sustainability targets in executive remuneration: targets, time frame, country and sector specification","volume":"25","author":"Maas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bus. Strat. Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-004-5367-z","article-title":"Corporate social responsibility and long-term compensation: evidence from Canada","volume":"57","author":"Mahoney","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-006-9073-x","article-title":"An examination of the structure of executive compensation and corporate social responsibility: a Canadian investigation","volume":"69","author":"Mahoney","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpa.2012.09.008","article-title":"A research note on standalone corporate social responsibility reports: signaling or greenwashing?","volume":"24","author":"Mahoney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Perspect. Account."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2015.1039","article-title":"Scrutiny, norms, and selective disclosure: a global study of greenwashing","volume":"27","author":"Marquis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Organ. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024119604363","article-title":"CEO incentives and corporate social performance","volume":"45","author":"McGuire","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-405X(94)00809-F","article-title":"Executive compensation structure, ownership, and firm performance","volume":"38","author":"Mehran","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. of Fin. Econ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib50","article-title":"Qualitative research and the generalizability question: standing firm with Proteus","volume":"4","author":"Myers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Qual. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib51","series-title":"The Content Analysis Guidebook","author":"Neuendorf","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib52","series-title":"Corporate Governance: Principles and Issues","author":"Nordberg","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib53","first-page":"62","article-title":"Creating shared value. Harv","volume":"89","author":"Porter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bus. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib54","series-title":"PwC's Corporate Responsibility Barometer 2016","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/1748-8583.12080","article-title":"Let the evidence speak again! Financial incentives are more effective than we thought","volume":"25","author":"Shaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Manag. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-013-1792-1","article-title":"Scandinavian cooperative advantage: the theory and practice of stakeholder engagement in Scandinavia","volume":"127","author":"Strand","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bus. Ethics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib57","first-page":"1660","article-title":"Transparency among S&P 500 companies: an analysis of ESG disclosure scores, Man","volume":"55","author":"Tamimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dec"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1002\/smj.1952","article-title":"Corporate governance and environmental performance: is there really a link?","volume":"33","author":"Walls","year":"2012","journal-title":"Strat. Manag. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224_bib59","first-page":"155","article-title":"The effectiveness of regulatory disclosure","volume":"26","author":"Weil","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Policy An. and Man."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cleaner Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959652621034107?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959652621034107?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T17:31:53Z","timestamp":1760722313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959652621034107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0959652621034107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-6526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-6526","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sustainability in executive remuneration - A missing link towards more sustainable firms?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cleaner Production","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129224","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"129224"}}