{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:44:57Z","timestamp":1780980297346,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51976049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51976049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cleaner Production"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T08:43:54Z","timestamp":1641285834000},"page":"130361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ash fusion characteristics of biomass pellets during combustion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"336","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuesong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122725","article-title":"Pretreatment strategies for enhanced biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass","volume":"301","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cep.2012.10.002","article-title":"A comparative study on combustion of sunflower shells in bubbling and swirling fluidized-bed combustors with a cone-shaped bed","volume":"62","author":"Arromdee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Process. Process Intensification"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.11.018","article-title":"Comparing pelletization and torrefaction depots: Optimization of depot capacity and biomass moisture to determine the minimum production cost","volume":"163","author":"Chai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2015.11.016","article-title":"Alkali transformation during single pellet combustion of soft wood and wheat straw","volume":"143","author":"Fagerstr\u00f6m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4892704","article-title":"Chemical composition in relation with biomass ash structure","volume":"1608","author":"Holubcik","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.12.091","article-title":"Structure characteristics and gasification activity of residual carbon from updraft fixed-bed biomass gasification ash","volume":"136","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4963036","article-title":"Additives application to wheat straw to increasing the ash fusion temperature","volume":"1768","author":"Holubcik","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.02.003","article-title":"Thermal behavior and reaction kinetics analysis of pyrolysis and subsequent in-situ gasification of torrefied biomass pellets","volume":"161","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib13","first-page":"258","article-title":"The increase of silver grass ash melting temperature using additives","volume":"5","author":"Janda\u010dka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Renew. Energy Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2016.08.035","article-title":"A comparative study of biomass pellet and biomass-sludge mixed pellet: energy input and pellet properties","volume":"126","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.1021\/ef201098n","article-title":"Release of K, Cl, and S during pyrolysis and combustion of high-chlorine biomass","volume":"25","author":"Johansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116324","article-title":"Application of BP neural network to the prediction of coal ash melting characteristic temperature","volume":"260","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2018.12.045","article-title":"Operational experiences of municipal heating plants with biomass-fired ORC cogeneration units","volume":"181","author":"Kalina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2003.08.008","article-title":"Agglomeration in bio-fuel fired fluidized bed combustors","volume":"96","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.02.015","article-title":"Characteristics of alkali species release from a burning coal\/biomass blend","volume":"215","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-5813(18)30007-0","article-title":"Fusion characteristics of blended ash from Changzhi coal and biomass","volume":"46","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fuel Chem. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.116020","article-title":"Physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of biomass ash from different power plants in the Upper Rhine Region","volume":"258","author":"Maschowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.114206","article-title":"Mathematical modelling and optimisation of lignite and wheat straw co-combustion in 350 MWe boiler furnace","volume":"260","author":"Mili\u0107evi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.02.074","article-title":"The influence of potassium-rich biomass ashes on steel corrosion above 550 \u00b0C","volume":"187","author":"Mlonka-Medral","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.03.077","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of additives and K2O\u2013SiO2\u2013Al2O3 diagrams on high-temperature silicate melt-induced slagging during biomass combustion","volume":"179","author":"Niu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.121249","article-title":"Experimental and numerical modelling of solid and hollow biomass pellets high-temperature rapid oxy-steam combustion: The effect of integrated CO2\/H2O concentration","volume":"303","author":"Mostafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.06.144","article-title":"Study on fusion characteristics of biomass ash","volume":"101","author":"Niu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2019.112266","article-title":"Thermal and kinetic analysis of diverse biomass fuels under different reaction environment: A way forward to renewable energy sources","volume":"203","author":"Sher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib26","volume":"5.06","author":"Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Wood Fuels","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2018.03.023","article-title":"Biomass pellet combustion: cavities and ash formation characterized by synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography","volume":"176","author":"Strandberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2013.06.518","article-title":"CO2 mineralisation: Concept for co-utilization of oil shale energetics waste streams in CaCO3 production","volume":"37","author":"Veltsa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122730","article-title":"Effect of inoculating microorganisms in chicken manure composting with maize straw","volume":"301","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5917","DOI":"10.1021\/ef3004366","article-title":"Sintering behavior of agricultural residues ashes and effects of additives","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy Fuel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2015.05.027","article-title":"Investigation of rye straw ash sintering characteristics and the effect of additives","volume":"162","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2015.03.070","article-title":"Exploring switchgrass and hardwood combustion on excess air and ash fouling\/slagging potential: laboratory combustion test and thermogravimetric kinetic analysis","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2018.03.101","article-title":"Temporally and spectrally resolved images of single burning pulverized wheat straw particles","volume":"224","author":"Weng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.02.037","article-title":"Ash fusion characteristics during co-gasification of biomass and petroleum coke","volume":"257","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2020.119483","article-title":"Effect of the ash melting behavior of a corn straw pellet on its heat and mass transfer characteristics and combustion rate","volume":"286","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2018.10.024","article-title":"Numerical simulation of high-temperature fusion combustion characteristics for a single biomass particle","volume":"183","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.199","article-title":"An experimental study on the effects of adding biomass ashes on ash sintering behavior of Zhundong coal","volume":"126","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2019.01.017","article-title":"Effect of biomass ashes on sintering characteristics of high\/low melting bituminous coal ash","volume":"189","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.09.013","article-title":"Effect of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose addition on particulate matter emissions during biomass pellet combustion","volume":"230","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cleaner Production"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959652622000075?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0959652622000075?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T17:45:44Z","timestamp":1760723144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0959652622000075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0959652622000075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-6526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-6526","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ash fusion characteristics of biomass pellets during combustion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cleaner Production","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.130361","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"130361"}}