{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:14:31Z","timestamp":1760660071538,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,26]],"date-time":"2008-11-26T08:37:31Z","timestamp":1227688651000},"page":"556-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Liquor made quicker: alcohol as a synthetic reagent for molecules in anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Keith","family":"Fragoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theodore A.","family":"Alston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199502000-00041","article-title":"Intravenous alcohol in 1831","volume":"82","author":"Bergman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197150060-00012","article-title":"Ethyl alcohol and morphine: a dissociative anesthetic technic","volume":"50","author":"Reier","year":"1971","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197005000-00030","article-title":"Intravenous ethanol anesthesia: a study of dosage and blood levels","volume":"49","author":"Dundee","year":"1970","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0803-66","article-title":"Questioning the Delphic Oracle","volume":"2","author":"Hale","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-192312000-00005","article-title":"Ethylene: notes taken from the clinical records","volume":"2","author":"Herb","year":"1923","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib6","first-page":"1074","article-title":"On narcotism by the inhalation of vapours","volume":"41","author":"Snow","year":"1848","journal-title":"Lond Med Gaz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib7","series-title":"A manual of etherization","first-page":"1","author":"Jackson","year":"1861"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-194111000-00004","article-title":"The volatile anesthetics\u2014ether, chloroform, ethyl chloride and divinyl ether","volume":"2","author":"Stewart","year":"1941","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9402200601","article-title":"White's ethyl chloride inhaler","volume":"6","author":"Westhorpe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib10","first-page":"3","article-title":"Trying new anaesthetic. Prolonged insensibility follows use of urethane","volume":"19","year":"1914","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib11","first-page":"28","article-title":"City seizes more urethane","volume":"12","year":"1949","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2004","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002004","article-title":"Cyclic and sleep-like spontaneous alternations of brain state under urethane anaesthesia","volume":"3","author":"Clement","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)82667-2","article-title":"Note on the action of paraldehyde, the new hypnotic","volume":"125","author":"Strahan","year":"1885","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Killed by paraldehyde","volume":"8","year":"1906","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-193601000-00004","article-title":"Paraldehyde and other preliminary hypnotics","volume":"15","author":"Miller","year":"1936","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Doctors assail \u2018twilight\u2019 birth as perilous to mother and child","volume":"15","author":"Laurence","year":"1936","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)63271-3","article-title":"On a new anesthetic agent, more efficient than sulphuric ether","volume":"2","author":"Simpson","year":"1847","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2006.08.009","article-title":"Nitrous or nitric? Same difference. Molecular formulas in the 1840s","volume":"19","author":"Alston","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200001000-00037","article-title":"John Snow's practice of obstetric anesthesia","volume":"92","author":"Caton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03671.x","article-title":"The short, tragic life of Robert M. Glover","volume":"59","author":"Defalque","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03992.x","article-title":"Chloroform, vitamin B12, and the tragic lives of Robert M. Glover and Horace Wells","volume":"59","author":"Alston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)63779-8","article-title":"Ether drinking in Ireland","volume":"71","author":"Strickland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-193101000-00036","article-title":"Tribromethanol as a preoperative narcotic","volume":"10","author":"Wood","year":"1931","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-193201000-00046","article-title":"Avertin basal anesthesia","volume":"11","author":"Burwell","year":"1932","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib25","series-title":"Cholera, chloroform and the science of medicine: a life of John Snow","first-page":"152","author":"Viet Thanh","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib26","series-title":"Fink BR (translator): Lectures on Anesthetics and on Asphyxia [1875]","first-page":"203","article-title":"Anesthetics. Lecture 10. Concerning chloral","author":"Bernard","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib27","first-page":"683","article-title":"A century of Mickey Finn\u2013but who was he?","volume":"38","author":"Baum","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib28","first-page":"22","article-title":"The use and abuse of chloral","volume":"Dec 5","author":"Wilcox","year":"1897","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib29","first-page":"4","article-title":"Chloral eating","volume":"18","year":"1875","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib30","first-page":"2","article-title":"Fashionable remedies for sickness","volume":"15","year":"1877","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib31","first-page":"11","article-title":"On the manufacture of poisons","volume":"8","year":"1885","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib32","first-page":"191","article-title":"Les chloraloses","volume":"3","author":"Hanroit","year":"1897","journal-title":"Arch I Pharmacodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200302000-00058","article-title":"The contributions of A.W. Hofmann","volume":"96","author":"Alston","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib34","first-page":"20","article-title":"Careless use of drugs. Dangers that lurk in so-called antipyretics. Antipyrin, antifebrin, phenacetin and sulfonal are laboratory products","volume":"29","year":"1823","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181605add","article-title":"A tribute to Dr. Paul A. J. Janssen: entrepreneur extraordinaire, innovative scientist, and significant contributor to anesthesiology","volume":"106","author":"Stanley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00186a013","article-title":"Synthesis, biological evaluation, and preliminary structure-activity considerations of a series of alkylphenols as intravenous anesthetic agents","volume":"23","author":"James","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e31811f4613","article-title":"From LSD to the IRB: Henry Beecher's psychedelic research and the foundation of clinical ethics","volume":"45","author":"Mashour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1522-8649(05)50033-7","article-title":"Altered states: LSD and the anesthesia laboratory of Henry Knowles Beecher","volume":"23","author":"Mashour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull Anesth Hist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1998.10399714","article-title":"Treatment of alcoholism using psychedelic drugs: a review of the program of research","volume":"30","author":"Mangini","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib40","first-page":"1124","article-title":"On a new group of hypnotics [1903]","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Fischer","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib41","first-page":"37","article-title":"Accident clinics lower death rate","volume":"Apr 27","author":"Adams","year":"1939","journal-title":"N Y Times"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib42","series-title":"On Chloroform and other Anaesthetics: their Action and Administration [1858]","first-page":"372","article-title":"Amylene","author":"Snow","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07704.x","article-title":"Amylene, a blemish on Snow?","volume":"51","author":"Conacher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818008002705?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818008002705?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T08:56:23Z","timestamp":1760604983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952818008002705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0952818008002705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-8180"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0952-8180"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Liquor made quicker: alcohol as a synthetic reagent for molecules in anesthesia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.07.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}