{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:12:13Z","timestamp":1792267933788,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,28]],"date-time":"2014-11-28T22:05:19Z","timestamp":1417212319000},"page":"539-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Greater occipital nerve block for postdural puncture headache (PDPH): A prospective audit of a modified guideline for the management of PDPH and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Niraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Kelkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Girotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0005","first-page":"9","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition","volume":"24","author":"Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq191","article-title":"Prevention of postdural puncture headache after accidental dural puncture: a quantitative systematic review","volume":"105","author":"Apfel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2007.05.004","article-title":"Post-dural puncture headache in the parturient","volume":"8","author":"Hendricks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes240","article-title":"Epidural blood patch is the gold standard treatment for dural puncture headache","volume":"109","author":"Marr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2008.08.028","article-title":"Complications following large-volume epidural blood patches for postdural puncture headache. Lumbar subdural hematoma and arachnoiditis: initial cause or final effect?","volume":"21","author":"Riley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198211000-00012","article-title":"Persistent sixth cranial nerve paresis following blood patch for postdural puncture headache","volume":"61","author":"Heyman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200206000-00035","article-title":"Permanent paraparesis and cauda equina syndrome after epidural blood patch for postdural puncture headache","volume":"96","author":"Diaz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31816499b7","article-title":"Chronic back pain secondary to a calcified epidural blood patch","volume":"108","author":"Willner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.124420","article-title":"Greater occipital nerve block using local anaesthetics alone or with triamcinolone for transformed migraine: a randomized comparative study","volume":"79","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70186-7","article-title":"Suboccipital steroid injections for transitional treatment of patients with more than two cluster headache attacks per day: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Leroux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.07.015","article-title":"Suboccipital injection with a mixture of rapid- and long-acting steroids in cluster headache: a double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"118","author":"Ambrosisni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2007.00150.x","article-title":"Botulinum toxin occipital nerve block for the treatment of severe occipital neuralgia: a case series","volume":"7","author":"Kapural","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05531.x","article-title":"Bilateral greater occipital nerve block for post\u2010dural puncture headache","volume":"63","author":"Matute","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01656.x","article-title":"Treatment of post\u2010dural puncture headache with bilateral greater occipital nerve block","volume":"50","author":"Akin Takmaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2008.00238.x","article-title":"Nerve stimulator-guided occipital nerve blockade for postdural puncture headache","volume":"9","author":"Naja","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb1000","first-page":"E1-195","article-title":"Bilateral greater occipital nerve block: a symptomatic treatment of the postdural puncture headache. A prospective, randomised trial","volume":"35","author":"Lopez-Vizcayno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01758.x","article-title":"Post\u2010dural puncture headache: Part II\u2013prevention, management, and prognosis","volume":"50","author":"Bezov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12053","article-title":"Expert consensus recommendations for the performance of peripheral nerve blocks for headaches\u2013a narrative review","volume":"53","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-40752","article-title":"Greater occipital nerve block","volume":"23","author":"Ward","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20297","article-title":"Landmarks for the identification of the cutaneous nerves of the occiput and nuchal regions","volume":"20","author":"Tubbs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.5.440","article-title":"Changes in intracranial CSF volume after lumbar puncture and their relationship to post-LP headache","volume":"54","author":"Grant","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200108000-00012","article-title":"Effectiveness of epidural blood patch in the management of post-dural puncture headache","volume":"95","author":"Safa-Tisseront","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg231","article-title":"Post\u2010dural puncture headache: pathogenesis, prevention and treatment","volume":"91","author":"Turnbull","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198207000-00001","article-title":"The clinical anatomy of the cervical dorsal rami","volume":"7","author":"Bogduk","year":"1982","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-003-0036-y","article-title":"The trigeminocervical complex and migraine: current concepts and synthesis","volume":"7","author":"Bartsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-007-0195-3","article-title":"Greater occipital nerve block for migraine and other headaches: is it useful?","volume":"11","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer159","article-title":"Effect of dexamethasone on the duration of interscalene nerve blocks with ropivacaine or bupivacaine","volume":"107","author":"Cummings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000049933.51044.81","article-title":"CSF hypovolemia vs intracranial hypotension in \"spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome\"","volume":"60","author":"Miyazawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.01.016","article-title":"Greater occipital nerve injection in primary headache syndromes\u2013prolonged effects from a single injection","volume":"122","author":"Afridi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2005.07.001","article-title":"Does postdural puncture headache left untreated lead to subdural hematoma? Case report and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Zeidan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1996.tb04515.x","article-title":"Dural puncture: the patients\u2019 perspective. A patient survey of cases at a DGH maternity unit 1983-193","volume":"40","author":"Costigan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2010.02335.x","article-title":"Management of accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache after labour: a Nordic survey","volume":"55","author":"Darvish","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2003.06.001","article-title":"Acute subdural haematoma after accidental dural puncture during epidural anaesthesia","volume":"13","author":"Kayacan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818014001305?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818014001305?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T09:03:19Z","timestamp":1760605399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952818014001305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0952818014001305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-8180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-8180","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Greater occipital nerve block for postdural puncture headache (PDPH): A prospective audit of a modified guideline for the management of PDPH and review of the literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2014.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}