{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:29:24Z","timestamp":1777696164430,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,27]],"date-time":"2015-06-27T15:47:36Z","timestamp":1435420056000},"page":"685-691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Thoracic epidural analgesia in a child with multiple traumatic rib fractures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8438-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian M.","family":"Keech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200006000-00007","article-title":"Rib fractures in the elderly","volume":"48","author":"Bulger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000178063.77946.f5","article-title":"Pain management guidelines for blunt thoracic trauma","volume":"59","author":"Simon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199412000-00018","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality of rib fractures","volume":"37","author":"Zeigler","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0020","first-page":"43","article-title":"Isolated rib fractures in elderly patients: mortality and morbidity","volume":"45","author":"Barnea","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)01056-9","article-title":"Chest trauma in children","volume":"21","author":"Ceran","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198912000-00013","article-title":"Chest injuries in childhood","volume":"210","author":"Nakayama","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200211001-00005","article-title":"Pediatric thoracic trauma","volume":"30","author":"Bliss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2004.01.005","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of children with blunt injury of the chest","volume":"13","author":"Santorelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000053197.40145.62","article-title":"Acute pain management of patients with multiple rib fractures","volume":"54","author":"Karmakar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2004.05.019","article-title":"Epidural analgesia improves outcome after multiple rib fractures","volume":"136","author":"Bulger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2005.07.022","article-title":"Half-a-dozen ribs: the breakpoint for mortality","volume":"138","author":"Flagel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199905000-00011","article-title":"Prospective, randomized comparison of epidural versus parenteral opioid analgesia in thoracic trauma","volume":"229","author":"Moon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198902000-00016","article-title":"Blunt chest trauma in the elderly","volume":"29","author":"Shorr","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.07.002","article-title":"Pediatric acute pain management","volume":"23","author":"Brislin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0080","series-title":"Smith's anesthesia for infants and children","author":"Motomoya","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0085","series-title":"Cote and Lerman's A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children","author":"Cote","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31826afb42","article-title":"Pediatric regional anesthesia: drawing inferences on safety from prospective registries and case reports","volume":"115","author":"Berde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03448.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and morbidity of regional anesthesia in children: a follow-up one-year prospective survey of the French-Language Society of Paediatric Anaesthesiologists (ADARPEF)","volume":"20","author":"Ecoffey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02230.x","article-title":"The National Pediatric Epidural Audit","volume":"17","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03731.x","article-title":"Pediatric Epidural Analgesia (PEA)","volume":"22","author":"Moriarty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04190.x","article-title":"Neurologic complications after anaesthesia: a follow up of 18,000 spinal and epidural anaesthetics performed over 3 years","volume":"39","author":"Dahlgren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03009991","article-title":"Epidural analgesia in children","volume":"41","author":"Berde","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198808000-00020","article-title":"Thoracic epidural anesthesia via caudal route in infants","volume":"69","author":"Bosenberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0120","first-page":"895","article-title":"Skin epidural distance in children","volume":"50","author":"Bosenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01521.x","article-title":"Pilot study of neuraxial imaging by ultrasound in infants and children","volume":"15","author":"Marhofer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0130","first-page":"102","article-title":"Prepuncture ultrasound-measured distance: an accurate reflection of epidural depth in infants and small children","volume":"32","author":"Kil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael121","article-title":"Epidural catheter placement in children: comparing a novel approach using ultrasound guidance and a standard loss-of-resistance technique","volume":"97","author":"Willschke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000156579.11254.D1","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided epidural catheter insertion in children","volume":"101","author":"Rapp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-00115550-199823050-00001","article-title":"The safety of epidurals placed during general anesthesia","volume":"23","author":"Krane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199611000-00003","article-title":"Epidemiology and morbidity of regional anesthesia in children: a one-year prospective survey of the French-Language Society of Pediatric Anesthesiologists","volume":"83","author":"Giaufre","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199305000-00001","article-title":"Venous air embolism during identification of epidural space in children","volume":"76","author":"Sethna","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00680.x","article-title":"A study of epidural pressures in infants","volume":"11","author":"Vas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0165","first-page":"124","article-title":"Effects of epinephrine in local anesthetics on the central and peripheral nervous systems: neurotoxicity and neural blood flow","volume":"28","author":"Neal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000080609.05942.38","article-title":"Confirmation of direct epidural catheter placement using nerve stimulation in pediatric anesthesia","volume":"97","author":"Goobie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197712000-00015","article-title":"Dosage of lidocaine for caudal anesthesia in infants and children","volume":"47","author":"Takasaki","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199208000-00002","article-title":"Convulsions associated with pediatric regional anesthesia","volume":"75","author":"Berde","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199208000-00023","article-title":"Seizures occurring in pediatric patients receiving continuous infusion of bupivacaine","volume":"75","author":"Agarwal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818015001555?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818015001555?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T09:03:35Z","timestamp":1760605415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952818015001555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0952818015001555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-8180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-8180","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thoracic epidural analgesia in a child with multiple traumatic rib fractures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2015.05.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}