{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:53:39Z","timestamp":1777524819222,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":179,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T06:00:14Z","timestamp":1559023214000},"page":"100-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effectiveness of BIS monitoring during electro-convulsive therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Gilles","family":"Guerrier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc-Antoine","family":"Gianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0005","series-title":"The global burden of disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020","author":"Murray","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0406","article-title":"Speed of response and remission in major depressive disorder with acute electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): a consortium for research in ECT (CORE) report","volume":"65","author":"Husain","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303253281204","article-title":"Effects of stimulus intensity and electrode placement on the efficacy and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"328","author":"Sackeim","year":"1993","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct075234","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for depression","volume":"357","author":"Lisanby","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300377","article-title":"Seizure expression during electro-convulsive therapy: relationships with clinical outcome and cognitive side effects","volume":"29","author":"Perera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aco.0000169243.03754.85","article-title":"Anaesthesia for patients with mood disorders","volume":"18","author":"De Baerdemaeker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e3181939b37","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and anaesthesia","volume":"47","author":"Deiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Anesth Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000212","article-title":"Evaluation of etomidate for seizure duration in electroconvulsivotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e31815ef25b","article-title":"Cognitive impairment following electroconvulsive therapy \u2014 does the choice of anesthetic agent make a difference?","volume":"24","author":"MacPherson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04971gre","article-title":"Influence of anesthetic drugs and concurrent psychiatric medication on seizure adequacy during electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"71","author":"Bundy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-950395","article-title":"ECT anaesthesia: the lighter the better?","volume":"39","author":"Sartorius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200003000-00002","article-title":"Determinants of seizure threshold in ECT: benzodiazepine use, anesthetic dosage, andother factors","volume":"16","author":"Boylan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3180cab6a4","article-title":"Unilateral non-dominant electrode placement as a risk factor for recall of awareness under anaesthesia during electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"23","author":"Andrade","year":"2007","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael091","article-title":"Bi-spectral index monitoring for more effective electroconvulsive therapy?","volume":"96","author":"Sartorius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301180","article-title":"The cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy in community settings","volume":"32","author":"Sackeim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.6.581","article-title":"The effects of electroconvulsive therapy on memory of autobiographical and public events","volume":"57","author":"Lisanby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0085","first-page":"89","article-title":"Bispectral index monitoring","volume":"2","author":"Rosow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anaesthesiology Clinical North America"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0090","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy - new tricks for old drugs: a systematic review","author":"Stripp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000425","article-title":"Degree of postictal suppression depends on seizure induction time in magnetic seizure therapy and electro- convulsive therapy","volume":"33","author":"Kayser","year":"2017","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1331748","article-title":"Bispectral index monitoring and seizure quality optimization in electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"46","author":"Kranaster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2003.45.6.693","article-title":"Correlation between pre-ictal bispectral index and seizure duration during electroconvulsive therapy under thiopental anaesthesia","volume":"45","author":"Choe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Korean J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000066018.13553.08","article-title":"Can the bispectral index be used to predict seizure time and awakening after electroconvulsive therapy?","volume":"96","author":"White","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000105874.50605.3C","article-title":"Bispectral index as an indicator of seizure inducibility in electroconvulsive therapy under thiopental anesthesia","volume":"98","author":"Ochiai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael091","article-title":"Bispectral index monitoring for more effective electroconvulsive therapy?","volume":"96","author":"Sartorius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200205000-00037","article-title":"Pre-ictal bispectral index has a positive correlation with seizure duration during electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"94","author":"Nishihara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181df4ebb","article-title":"The bispectral electroencephalogram during modified electroconvulsive therapy under propofol anesthesia-relation with seizure duration and awakening","volume":"27","author":"Gombar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(02)00477-4","article-title":"The timing of electroconvulsive therapy and bispectral index after anesthesia induction using different drugs does not affect seizure duration","volume":"15","author":"Lemmens","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0145","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Relationship between seizure duration and bispectral index during modified electroconvulsive therapy","volume":"55","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Masui"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000251","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy under general anaesthesia with cisatracurium, laryngeal mask airways, and bispectral index","volume":"32","author":"Cai Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200108000-00011","article-title":"Propofol dosing regimens for ICU sedation based upon an integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model","volume":"95","author":"Barr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200106000-00008","article-title":"Subtypes of memory dysfunction associated with ECT: characteristics and neurobiological bases","volume":"17","author":"Rami-Gonzajez","year":"2001","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000615","article-title":"ECT: a new look at an old friend","volume":"31","author":"Kadiyala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200612000-00012","article-title":"The effects of ketamine and rocuronium on the A-line auditory evoked potential index, bispectral index, and spectral entropy monitor during steady state propofol and remifentanil anesthesia","volume":"105","author":"Vereecke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i95","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev072","article-title":"Response of bispectral index to neuromuscular block in awake volunteers","volume":"115","author":"Schuller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00048.x","article-title":"Bispectral electroencephalographic analysis of patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department","volume":"10","author":"Miner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep198","article-title":"Time delay of electroencephalogram index calculation: analysis of cerebral state, bispectral, and Narcotrend indices using perioperatively recorded electroencephalographic signals","volume":"103","author":"Zanner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e318235b658","article-title":"Effect of a course of electroconvulsive therapy on interictal bispectral index values a prospective study","volume":"28","author":"Thimmaiah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J ECT"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818018318002?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818018318002?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T09:14:10Z","timestamp":1760606050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952818018318002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0952818018318002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-8180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-8180","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effectiveness of BIS monitoring during electro-convulsive therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.05.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}