{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:07:42Z","timestamp":1789214862449,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011272","name":"European Commission Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602461"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:58:05Z","timestamp":1784908685000},"page":"112282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Associations between blood cholin-esterase activity and postoperative basal forebrain cholinergic system atrophy: A secondary analysis of the BioCog cohort with exploration of potential mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7371-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Lammers-Lietz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4530-7343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6976-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Kappert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3610-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Winterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6859-7080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anika","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/35067589","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor","volume":"2","author":"Soreq","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2021.05.001","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase and human cancers","volume":"152","author":"Richbart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1035","article-title":"Neurobiology of butyrylcholinesterase","volume":"4","author":"Darvesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.751320.x","article-title":"Abundant tissue butyrylcholinesterase and its possible function in the acetylcholinesterase knockout mouse","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.06.016","article-title":"Why has butyrylcholinesterase been retained? Structural and functional diversification in a duplicated gene","volume":"61","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902750205","article-title":"Nucleus basalis (Ch4) and cortical cholinergic innervation in the human brain: observations based on the distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase","volume":"275","author":"Mesulam","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.06.019","article-title":"Atrophy of the cholinergic basal forebrain over the adult age range and in early stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"71","author":"Grothe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp232","article-title":"Reduction of basal forebrain cholinergic system parallels cognitive impairment in patients at high risk of developing Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Grothe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7439-z","article-title":"Atrophy of the cholinergic basal forebrain in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia","volume":"261","author":"Grothe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.104831","article-title":"Longitudinal degeneration of the basal forebrain predicts subsequent dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"139","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.851788","article-title":"Reduction in volume of nucleus basalis of Meynert is specific to Parkinson\u2019s disease and progressive Supranuclear palsy but not to multiple system atrophy","volume":"14","author":"Rogozinski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-0176-4","article-title":"Cholinesterases as biomarkers for parasympathetic dysfunction and inflammation-related disease","volume":"53","author":"Shenhar-Tsarfaty","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-007-0226-x","article-title":"Cholinergic status modulations in human volunteers under acute inflammation","volume":"85","author":"Ofek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0B013E31816208B3","article-title":"Pharmacologic cholinesterase inhibition improves survival in experimental sepsis","volume":"36","author":"Hofer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20454","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors reduce brain and blood interleukin-1beta production","volume":"57","author":"Pollak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/274607","article-title":"Reduced serum butyrylcholinesterase activity indicates severe systemic inflammation in critically ill patients","volume":"2015","author":"Zivkovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-024-10110-4","article-title":"Perioperative levels of IL8 and IL18, but not IL6, are associated with nucleus basalis Magnocellularis atrophy three months after surgery","volume":"19","author":"Heinrich","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-02-01567.1995","article-title":"TrkA expression in the CNS: evidence for the existence of several novel NGF-responsive CNS neurons","volume":"15","author":"Holtzman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)83001-6","article-title":"Expression of messenger RNA coding for the nerve growth factor receptor trkA in the hippocampus of the adult rat","volume":"70","author":"Cellerino","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902850204","article-title":"Nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactive profiles in the normal, aged human basal forebrain: colocalization with cholinergic neurons","volume":"285","author":"Mufson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(99)00048-0","article-title":"Hippocampal neurotrophin and trk receptor mRNA levels are altered by local administration of nicotine, carbachol and pilocarpine","volume":"67","author":"French","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09780-3","article-title":"Reduced basal forebrain atrophy progression in a randomized donepezil trial in prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Cavedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2478\/v10004-007-0030-6","article-title":"Red blood cell acetylcholinesterase and plasma butyrylcholinesterase status: important indicators for the treatment of patients poisoned by organophosphorus compounds","volume":"58","author":"Thiermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arh Hig Rada Toksikol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3084501","article-title":"Biomonitoring of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity among smallholder horticultural farmers occupationally exposed to mixtures of pesticides in Tanzania","volume":"2019","author":"Kapeleka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Environ Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1178630217704659","article-title":"Risk factors of pesticide poisoning and pesticide users\u2019 cholinesterase levels in cotton production areas: Glazoue and save townships, in Central Republic of Benin","volume":"11","author":"Vikkey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Health Insights"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200204000-00016","article-title":"Effects of occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides on nerve and neuromuscular function","volume":"44","author":"Peiris-John","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2007.05.002","article-title":"Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity as a surrogate indicator of lead-induced neurotoxicity in occupational lead exposure in Abeokuta, Nigeria","volume":"24","author":"Ademuyiwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.09.145","article-title":"Occurrence and spatial distribution of 158 pharmaceuticals, drugs of abuse and related metabolites in offshore seawater","volume":"541","author":"Alygizakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-019-02091-8","article-title":"Multi-residue ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for comprehensive multi-class anthropogenic compounds of emerging concern analysis in a catchment-based exposure-driven study","volume":"411","author":"Proctor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2011.06.006","article-title":"Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure and gulf war illness on brain structure and function: a study at 4T","volume":"32","author":"Chao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2010.05.006","article-title":"Effects of low-level exposure to sarin and cyclosarin during the 1991 gulf war on brain function and brain structure in US veterans","volume":"31","author":"Chao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21024","article-title":"Human brain structural change related to acute single exposure to sarin","volume":"61","author":"Yamasue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12707","article-title":"Risk of Parkinson disease after organophosphate or carbamate poisoning","volume":"136","author":"Chuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101394","article-title":"The association between ambient exposure to organophosphates and Parkinson\u2019s disease risk","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2018.05.005","article-title":"Pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"96","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0180","series-title":"Basic neurochemistry\u202f: Molecular, cellular, and medical aspects","author":"Siegel","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001876","article-title":"Update of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium in adult patients","volume":"41","author":"Aldecoa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000594","article-title":"European Society of Anaesthesiology evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium","volume":"34","author":"Aldecoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217002976","article-title":"Association of joint replacement surgery with incident dementia diagnosis in German claims data","volume":"30","author":"Teipel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.0144","article-title":"Six-year cognitive trajectory in older adults following major surgery and delirium","volume":"183","author":"Kunicki","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-022-01826-y","article-title":"Association of cholinesterase activities and POD in older adult abdominal surgical patients","volume":"22","author":"Bosancic","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000000888","article-title":"Relevance of peripheral cholinesterase activity on postoperative delirium in adult surgical patients (CESARO): a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Muller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.10.004","article-title":"Personalized risk prediction of postoperative cognitive impairment - rationale for the EU-funded BioCog project","volume":"50","author":"Winterer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-024-10110-4","article-title":"Perioperative levels of IL8 and IL18, but not IL6, are associated with nucleus basalis magnocellularis atrophy three months after surgery","volume":"19","author":"Heinrich","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0225","series-title":"Development and internal validation of a gradient-boosted trees model for prediction of delirium after surgery and anesthesia (the BioCog study). in press PREPRINT available on medRxiv","author":"Lammers-Lietz","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0230","article-title":"Interleukin 8 in postoperative delirium - preliminary findings from two studies","volume":"20","author":"Lammers-Lietz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16282","article-title":"An exploratory research report on brain mineralization in postoperative delirium and cognitive decline","volume":"59","author":"Lammers-Lietz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa182","article-title":"Radiological, chemical and pharmacological cholinergic system parameters and neurocognitive disorders in older pre-surgical adults","volume":"76","author":"Heinrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30756-z","article-title":"In a secondary analysis from a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial Dexmedetomidine blocks cholinergic dysregulation in delirium pathogenesis in patients with major surgery","volume":"13","author":"Jacob","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.03.042","article-title":"Resting state brain network functional connectivity is not associated with inflammatory markers and blood cell counts in older adults","volume":"132","author":"Lichtner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.05.055","article-title":"Stereotaxic probabilistic maps of the magnocellular cell groups in human basal forebrain","volume":"42","author":"Zaborszky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.005","article-title":"Basal forebrain cholinergic system volume is associated with general cognitive ability in the elderly","volume":"119","author":"Lammers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.045003275.x","article-title":"The assessment of postoperative cognitive function","volume":"45","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0270","series-title":"Pharmacology and physiology for anesthesia\u202f: Foundations and clinical application","author":"Hemmings","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02655.x","article-title":"Hypoxic hepatitis","volume":"32","author":"Henrion","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1816149","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury - types and phenotypes","volume":"381","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980413)393:3<374::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Distribution of butyrylcholinesterase in the human amygdala and hippocampal formation","volume":"393","author":"Darvesh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22338-2","article-title":"Cholinesterase inhibitor effects on neurotransmitters in rat cortex in vivo","volume":"270","author":"Cuadra","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-020-01791-5","article-title":"The impact of sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative renal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials","volume":"67","author":"Sondekoppam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03006636","article-title":"In vitro effects of fluoride and bromide on pseudocholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities","volume":"37","author":"Kambam","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14545","article-title":"Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency and its clinical importance in anaesthesia: a systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Andersson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2023.115910","article-title":"Drug and pro-drug substrates and pseudo-substrates of human butyrylcholinesterase","volume":"218","author":"Masson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/65.2.220","article-title":"Dose-dependent effect of metoclopramide on cholinesterases and suxamethonium metabolism","volume":"65","author":"Kao","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1977.tb09963.x","article-title":"Specific drug interactions in anaesthesia","volume":"32","author":"Davie","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1983.tb01985.x","article-title":"Plasma cholinesterase levels following pancuronium and vecuronium","volume":"27","author":"Mirakhur","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199121040-00005","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic drug interactions in anaesthetic practice","volume":"21","author":"Wood","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03008742","article-title":"Reduction in plasma cholinesterase levels after prolonged administration of echothiophate iodide eyedrops","volume":"15","author":"Eilderton","year":"1968","journal-title":"Can Anaesth Soc J"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2020.127213","article-title":"Synthesis, biochemical evaluation, and molecular modeling of organophosphate-coumarin hybrids as potent and selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors","volume":"30","author":"Macklin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-013-9476-z","article-title":"The effect of preoperative consumption of potatoes on succinylcholine-induced block and recovery from anesthesia","volume":"27","author":"Bestas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200008000-00031","article-title":"Cholinesterase inhibition by potato glycoalkaloids slows mivacurium metabolism","volume":"93","author":"McGehee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2022.01.008","article-title":"Prolonged fluoride exposure alters neurotransmission and oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain","volume":"89","author":"Dondossola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.09.112","article-title":"Toxicity assessment of sodium fluoride in Drosophila melanogaster after chronic sub-lethal exposure","volume":"166","author":"Dutta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.178501","article-title":"In-depth screening of pesticide exposure in children from urban and agricultural settings in Poland","volume":"964","author":"Bustamante","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108881","article-title":"Exposure to pesticides, persistent and non - persistent pollutants in French 3.5-year-old children: findings from comprehensive hair analysis in the ELFE national birth cohort","volume":"190","author":"Macheka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2024.2344263","article-title":"Characterizing 1991 gulf war women veterans from the Boston biorepository and integrative network for gulf war illness: demographics, exposures, neuroimaging and cognitive outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Krengel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12726-1","article-title":"Neuroanatomical and clinical correlates of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic literature review of neuroimaging findings","volume":"272","author":"Conti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2020.02.006","article-title":"Brainstem atrophy in gulf war illness","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-5010-8","article-title":"Subcortical brain atrophy in gulf war illness","volume":"235","author":"Christova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1646246","article-title":"Deciphering sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity: from isolated targets to intricate regulatory networks","volume":"19","author":"Shu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.01.044","article-title":"Cholinesterases and the fine line between poison and remedy","volume":"153","author":"Pope","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(98)00072-X","article-title":"Pseudocholinesterase-activity reduction during cardiopulmonary bypass: the role of dilutional processes and pharmacological agents","volume":"32","author":"Rump","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gen Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2026","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0410","first-page":"5400","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into postoperative delirium using untargeted high-throughput proteomics in elderly patients - a case-control study","volume":"16","author":"Lamping","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.002","article-title":"Association of basal forebrain volumes and cognition in normal aging","volume":"53","author":"Wolf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818026001601?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952818026001601?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T11:27:46Z","timestamp":1789212466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952818026001601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S0952818026001601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-8180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-8180","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations between blood cholin-esterase activity and postoperative basal forebrain cholinergic system atrophy: A secondary analysis of the BioCog cohort with exploration of potential mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112282","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112282"}}