{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:47:28Z","timestamp":1790315248395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,1]],"date-time":"2004-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1096588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,3]],"date-time":"2004-11-03T17:09:46Z","timestamp":1099501786000},"page":"1008-1018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":421,"title":["Reliable change and minimum important difference (MID) proportions facilitated group responsiveness comparisons using individual threshold criteria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"John S.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Di Fabio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(85)90005-0","article-title":"A methodological framework for assessing health indices","volume":"38","author":"Kirshner","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(05)80019-4","article-title":"Reproducibility and responsiveness of health status measures: statistics and strategies for evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Deyo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90069-5","article-title":"Measuring change over time: assessing the usefulness of evaluative instruments","volume":"40","author":"Guyatt","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(86)90038-X","article-title":"Assessing the responsiveness of functional scales to clinical change: an analogy to diagnostic test performance","volume":"39","author":"Deyo","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199007000-00008","article-title":"Comparisons of five health status instruments for orthopedic evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Liang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198903001-00015","article-title":"Effect sizes for interpreting changes in health status","volume":"27","author":"Kazis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.3.300","article-title":"Methods for defining and determining the clinical significance of treatment effects: description, application, and alternatives","volume":"67","author":"Jacobson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1999.29.4.232","article-title":"Applying the results of self-report measures to individual patients: an example using the Roland-Morris Questionnaire","volume":"29","author":"Stratford","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB9","first-page":"II166, II174","article-title":"Interpretation of quality-of-life outcomes: issues that affect magnitude and meaning","volume":"38","author":"Testa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.2.116","article-title":"Clinically important change in quality of life in epilepsy","volume":"73","author":"Wiebe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215502cr569oa","article-title":"The Standardized Three-metre Walking Test for elderly people (WALK3m): repeatability and real change","volume":"16","author":"Simpson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1080\/0963828031000090579","article-title":"Physical performance tests for people with spinal pain: sensitivity to change","volume":"25","author":"Ljungquist","year":"2003","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB13","first-page":"II84, II90","article-title":"Longitudinal construct validity: establishment of clinical meaning in patient evaluative instruments","volume":"38","author":"Liang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB14","series-title":"Evidence-based medicine: how to practice and teach EBM","author":"Sackett","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(00)00134-3","article-title":"Calculating confidence intervals for the number needed to treat","volume":"22","author":"Bender","year":"2001","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.1.72","article-title":"Can we individualize the \u2018number needed to treat'? An empirical study of summary effect measures in meta-analyses","volume":"31","author":"Furukawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1173","article-title":"Number needed to treat (NNT): estimation of a measure of clinical benefit","volume":"20","author":"Walter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.12.1214","article-title":"Number needed to treat: a statistic relevant for physical therapists","volume":"80","author":"Dalton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB19","series-title":"The design and analysis of clinical experiments","author":"Fleiss","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199905000-00006","article-title":"Linking clinical relevance and statistical significance in evaluating intra-individual changes in health-related quality of life","volume":"37","author":"Wyrwich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.42.3.156","article-title":"The significance of clinical change and clinical change of significance: issues and methods","volume":"42","author":"Ottenbacher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/76.10.1109","article-title":"Health status measures: strategies and analytic methods for assessing change scores","volume":"76","author":"Stratford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB23","series-title":"Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use","author":"Streiner","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB24","series-title":"Psychometric theory","author":"Nunnally","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(89)90005-6","article-title":"Measurement of health status: ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference","volume":"10","author":"Jaeschke","year":"1989","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB26","first-page":"AS286, AS291","article-title":"The significance of treatment effects: the clinical perspective","volume":"33","author":"Deyo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00206-5","article-title":"Assessing the minimal important difference in symptoms: a comparison of two techniques","volume":"49","author":"Redelmeier","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a06.x","article-title":"What are minimal important changes for asthma measures in a clinical trial?","volume":"14","author":"Santanello","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.1.8","article-title":"A comparison of five low back disability questionnaires: reliability and responsiveness","volume":"82","author":"Davidson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199606)29:6<602::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"The Upper Extremity Collaborative Group (UECG). Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand)","volume":"29","author":"Hudak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00148-6","article-title":"Clinimetric and psychometric strategies for development of a health measurement scale","volume":"52","author":"Marx","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(01)80043-0","article-title":"Measuring the whole or the parts? Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand outcome measure in different regions of the upper extremity","volume":"14","author":"Beaton","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(01)80040-5","article-title":"Outcome evaluation in patients with elbow pathology: issues in instrument development and evaluation","volume":"14","author":"MacDermid","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199802000-00002","article-title":"Validity of observer-based aggregate scoring systems as descriptors of elbow pain, function, and disability","volume":"80","author":"Turchin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199902000-00005","article-title":"The functional outcome of operative treatment of ununited fractures of the humeral diaphysis in older patients","volume":"81","author":"Ring","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260060501","article-title":"The development and evaluation of a disease-specific quality of life measurement tool for shoulder instability: the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI)","volume":"26","author":"Kirkley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.jhsu25a0330","article-title":"Responsiveness of the short form-36, disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire, patient-rated wrist evaluation, and physical impairment measurements in evaluating recovery after a distal radius fracture","volume":"25","author":"MacDermid","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1790040403","article-title":"Development of a shoulder pain and disability index","volume":"4","author":"Roach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB39","first-page":"727","article-title":"Measuring shoulder function with the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index","volume":"22","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(98)90002-7","article-title":"Assessing the reliability and responsiveness of 5 shoulder questionnaires","volume":"7","author":"Beaton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199606000-00011","article-title":"Measuring function of the shoulder: a cross-sectional comparison of five questionnaires","volume":"78","author":"Beaton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.10.1079","article-title":"The shoulder pain and disability index: the construct validity and responsiveness of a region-specific disability measure","volume":"77","author":"Heald","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199811000-00009","article-title":"Patient rating of wrist pain and disability: a reliable and valid measurement tool","volume":"12","author":"MacDermid","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a024606","article-title":"A shorter form health survey: can the SF-12 replicate results from the SF-36 in longitudinal studies?","volume":"19","author":"Jenkinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Public Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","article-title":"A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity","volume":"34","author":"Ware","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00373-3","article-title":"A comparison of different indices of responsiveness","volume":"50","author":"Wright","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB47","first-page":"371","article-title":"The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS): scale development, measurement properties, and clinical application","volume":"79","author":"Binkley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.9.890","article-title":"Evaluation of health-related quality of life in individuals with vestibular disease using disease-specific and general outcome measures","volume":"77","author":"Enloe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00097-8","article-title":"Methodological problems in the retrospective computation of responsiveness to change: the lesson of Cronbach","volume":"50","author":"Norman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/74.6.528","article-title":"Assessing change over time in patients with low back pain","volume":"74","author":"Stratford","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00296-X","article-title":"Evaluating changes in health status: reliability and responsiveness of five generic health status measures in workers with musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"50","author":"Beaton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(91)90080-S","article-title":"Estimating and testing an index of responsiveness and the relationship of the index to power","volume":"44","author":"Tuley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB53","first-page":"681","article-title":"Statistical significance versus clinical relevance","volume":"76","author":"Luus","year":"1989","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199909010-00010","article-title":"Responsiveness of common outcome measures for patients with low back pain","volume":"24","author":"Taylor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000050654.97387.DF","article-title":"Is a condition-specific instrument for patients with low back pain\/leg symptoms really necessary? The responsiveness of the Oswestry Disability Index, MODEMS, and the SF-36","volume":"28","author":"Walsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00407-3","article-title":"A taxonomy for responsiveness","volume":"54","author":"Beaton","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB57","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00071-2","article-title":"Further evidence supporting an SEM-based criterion for identifying meaningful intra-individual changes in health-related quality of life","volume":"52","author":"Wyrwich","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/76.4.359","article-title":"Defining the minimum level of detectable change for the Roland-Morris questionnaire","volume":"76","author":"Stratford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0895435604000666?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0895435604000666?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T19:02:10Z","timestamp":1585940530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0895435604000666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0895435604000666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-4356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-4356","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}}}