{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T14:06:44Z","timestamp":1764079604631,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jclinepi.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T02:11:11Z","timestamp":1604715071000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["New methodological approaches were able to effectively reduce immeasurable time bias in case-only designs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Han Eol","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In-Sun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyesung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian B.","family":"Filion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju-Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn135","article-title":"Immeasurable time bias in observational studies of drug effects on mortality","volume":"168","author":"Suissa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4193","article-title":"Immeasurable time bias due to hospitalization in medico-administrative databases: which impact for pharmacoepidemiological studies?","volume":"26","author":"Palmaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4888","article-title":"An empirical assessment of immeasurable time bias in the setting of nested case-control studies: statins and all-cause mortality among patients with heart failure","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5600\/mmrr.003.04.a01","article-title":"Accounting for unobservable exposure time bias when using medicare prescription drug data","volume":"3","author":"Cook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medicare Medicaid Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201208-1565OC","article-title":"Effects of cardiovascular drugs on mortality in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a time-dependent analysis","volume":"187","author":"Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.04.006","article-title":"Observational studies of inhaled corticosteroid effectiveness in COPD: lessons learned","volume":"154","author":"Suissa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853","article-title":"The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events","volume":"133","author":"Maclure","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199505000-00010","article-title":"The case-time-control design","volume":"6","author":"Suissa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31821d09cd","article-title":"Future cases as present controls to adjust for exposure trend bias in case-only studies","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-018-00786-y","article-title":"All-cause mortality associated with tramadol use: a case-crossover study","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.06.004","article-title":"Antipsychotic use and risk of hospitalization or death due to pneumonia in persons with and those without Alzheimer disease","volume":"150","author":"Tolppanen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.525","article-title":"Increased mortality and cardiovascular morbidity associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chronic heart failure","volume":"169","author":"Gislason","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.04.013","article-title":"Short-acting inhaled beta-2-agonists increased the mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in observational designs","volume":"58","author":"Corraro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12107","article-title":"Case-crossover designs for more patient-centred epidemiology","volume":"28","author":"Maclure","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3508","article-title":"Case-crossover study design in pharmacoepidemiology: systematic review and recommendations","volume":"22","author":"Consiglio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199605000-00003","article-title":"Confounding and exposure trends in case-crossover and case-time-control designs","volume":"7","author":"Greenland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib17","first-page":"e15","article-title":"Cohort profile: the national health insurance service-national sample cohort (NHIS-NSC), South Korea","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.17.024","article-title":"Level of agreement and factors associated with discrepancies between nationwide medical history questionnaires and hospital claims data","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww079","article-title":"Persistent user bias in case-crossover studies in pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"184","author":"Hallas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib20","first-page":"35","article-title":"Risk set sampling in epidemiologic cohort studies","volume":"11","author":"Langholz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stat Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31828ac9cb","article-title":"Case-crossover studies of therapeutics: design approaches to addressing time-varying prognosis in elderly populations","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200111000-00017","article-title":"Paradoxical relations of drug treatment with mortality in older persons","volume":"12","author":"Glynn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2010.10.033","article-title":"The association between statin use and outcomes potentially attributable to an unhealthy lifestyle in older adults","volume":"14","author":"Patrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4515","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4515","article-title":"Self controlled case series methods: an alternative to standard epidemiological study designs","volume":"354","author":"Peterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib25","first-page":"143e148","article-title":"Prescription patterns of benzodiazepine for outpatients in a psychiatric department in Korea","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anxiety Mood"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.5414\/CP202008","article-title":"In-depth investigation for prescribing trends of benzodiazepines in South Korea","volume":"52","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1615-x","article-title":"Trends in prescriptions for sedative-hypnotics among Korean adults: a nationwide prescription database study for 2011-2015","volume":"54","author":"Mi-Hyun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Prescribing trends of benzodiazepines and their safety","author":"Hwang","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004_bib28"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0895435620311732?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0895435620311732?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T05:18:21Z","timestamp":1760246301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0895435620311732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0895435620311732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-4356"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0895-4356"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"New methodological approaches were able to effectively reduce immeasurable time bias in case-only designs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}