{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T17:54:54Z","timestamp":1783187694184,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","jclinepi.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T12:36:06Z","timestamp":1699619766000},"page":"111215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evidence for overdiagnosis in noncancer conditions was assessed: a metaepidemiological study using the \u2018Fair Umpire\u2019 framework"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7966-9708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Sanders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachelle","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Doust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4105-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luise","family":"Kazda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Glasziou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0137-3218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katy","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-2645","article-title":"Recognizing the potential for overdiagnosis: are high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays an example?","volume":"170","author":"Bell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h869","article-title":"The challenge of overdiagnosis begins with its definition","volume":"350","author":"Carter","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz317","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction in adults","volume":"41","author":"Ross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.09.005","article-title":"Rupture rates of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"41","author":"Powell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g4485","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4485","article-title":"The epidemic of pre-diabetes: the medicine and the politics","volume":"349","author":"Yudkin","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5335","article-title":"Overdiagnosis of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic scoping review","volume":"4","author":"Kazda","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.36364","article-title":"Association of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis with adolescent quality of life","volume":"5","author":"Kazda","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.04.022","article-title":"A novel methodological framework was described for detecting and quantifying overdiagnosis","volume":"148","author":"Bell","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j3694","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3694","article-title":"Are expanding disease definitions unnecessarily labelling women with polycystic ovary syndrome?","volume":"358","author":"Copp","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018448","article-title":"Overdiagnosis across medical disciplines: a scoping review","volume":"7","author":"Jenniskens","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib11","article-title":"Overdiagnosis in primary care: framing the problem and finding solutions","volume":"362","author":"Kale","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3502","article-title":"Preventing overdiagnosis: how to stop harming the healthy","volume":"344","author":"Moynihan","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-11-200812020-00009","article-title":"When should a new test become the current reference standard?","volume":"149","author":"Glasziou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h825","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h825","article-title":"Estimating overdiagnosis in screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: could a change in smoking habits and lowered aortic diameter tip the balance of screening towards harm?","volume":"350","author":"Johansson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.143560","article-title":"Performance of the 2010 ACR\/EULAR criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with 1987 ACR criteria in a very early synovitis cohort","volume":"70","author":"Cader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31031-6","article-title":"Benefits and harms of screening men for abdominal aortic aneurysm in Sweden: a registry-based cohort study","volume":"391","author":"Johansson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313694","article-title":"Paediatric overdiagnosis modelled by coronary abnormality trends in Kawasaki disease","volume":"103","author":"Coon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3109\/13814780409044301","article-title":"Towards improving the accuracy of diagnosing asthma in early childhood","volume":"10","author":"Schonberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17306","article-title":"Overdiagnosis and rising rate of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): time for reappraisal","volume":"50","author":"Sioutis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12882","article-title":"Has the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype become more common in children between 2004 and 2014? Trends over 10 years from a Swedish general population sample","volume":"59","author":"Rydell","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.13938","article-title":"Overdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism by pulmonary CT angiography","volume":"205","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/ljm.v10.28946","article-title":"Defining obstructive ventilatory defect in 2015","volume":"10","author":"Affes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Libyan J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.05.017","article-title":"Diminished ovarian reserve in the United States assisted reproductive technology population: diagnostic trends among 181,536 cycles from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System","volume":"104","author":"Devine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135115593129","article-title":"Are we overdiagnosing acute kidney injury in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery?","volume":"6","author":"Soni","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14223","article-title":"Addition of color Doppler sonography for detection of amniotic fluid disturbances and its implications on perinatal outcomes","volume":"36","author":"Odibo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872614547687","article-title":"Impact of high-sensitivity Troponin T on hospital admission, resources utilization, and outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Corsini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2016.10.001","article-title":"Prevalence of pregnancy hypertensive disorders in Mongolia","volume":"6","author":"Marchand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02762.x","article-title":"How accurate is the terminal prognosis in the minimum data set?","volume":"46","author":"Finne-Soveri","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/aapm.20733","article-title":"Hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft; comparison of the center for disease control clinical criteria with physicians\u2019 judgment","volume":"4","author":"Baghban","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incidence of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome in a large prospective cohort of U.S. nurses","author":"Palacios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fatigue"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2015.1026442","article-title":"Prevalence of over-\/misdiagnosis of asthma in patients referred to an allergy clinic","volume":"52","author":"Heffler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-017-0027-9","article-title":"The contribution of an asthma diagnostic consultation service in obtaining an accurate asthma diagnosis for primary care patients: results of a real-life study","volume":"27","author":"Gillis","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.3.697","article-title":"Prior diagnosis and treatment of patients with normal results of methacholine challenge and unexplained respiratory symptoms","volume":"109","author":"Joyce","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-73","article-title":"Confirmatory spirometry for adults hospitalized with a diagnosis of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation","volume":"12","author":"Prieto Centurion","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.01.015","article-title":"Overdiagnosis of COPD in subjects with unobstructed spirometry: a BOLD analysis","volume":"156","author":"Sator","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-019-0145-7","article-title":"COPD overdiagnosis in primary care: a UK observational study of consistency of airflow obstruction","volume":"29","author":"Josephs","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207249","article-title":"Respiratory health and disease in a U.K. population-based cohort of 85 year olds: The Newcastle 85+ Study","volume":"71","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-017-2851-3","article-title":"A retrospective review of 1495 patients with obstetric anal sphincter injuries referred for assessment of function and endoanal ultrasonography","volume":"32","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmv018","article-title":"Diagnosis of allergy against beta-lactams in primary care: prevalence and diagnostic criteria","volume":"32","author":"Salden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02073.x","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection in hospitalized older people","volume":"57","author":"Woodford","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2016.08.015","article-title":"Efficiency of preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy in identifying operable hiatal hernia for bariatric surgery patients","volume":"13","author":"Mohammed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23541","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of asthma in schoolchildren","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.02.020","article-title":"Lyme disease overdiagnosis in a large healthcare system: a population-based, retrospective study","volume":"25","author":"Webber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.661082","article-title":"Diagnostic miscues in congenital long-QT syndrome","volume":"115","author":"Taggart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-199801000-00007","article-title":"Prevention of overtreatment of neonatal hip dysplasia by the use of ultrasonography","volume":"7","author":"Bialik","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031306","article-title":"Direct costs of overdiagnosed asthma: a longitudinal, population-based cohort study in British Columbia, Canada","volume":"9","author":"Ng","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081332","article-title":"Overdiagnosis of asthma in obese and nonobese adults","volume":"179","author":"Aaron","year":"2008","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X683965","article-title":"Overdiagnosis of asthma in children in primary care: a retrospective analysis","volume":"66","author":"Looijmans-Van Den Akker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib60","first-page":"59","article-title":"Prevalence of skin test reactivity in patients with convincing, vague, and unacceptable histories of penicillin allergy","volume":"26","author":"Stember","year":"2005","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.55.11.857","article-title":"Penicillin allergy: anti-penicillin IgE antibodies and immediate hypersensitivity skin reactions employing major and minor determinants of penicillin","volume":"55","author":"Chandra","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djx060","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx060","article-title":"Quantifying overdiagnosis in cancer screening: a systematic review to evaluate the methodology","volume":"109","author":"Ripping","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g7773","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7773","article-title":"Quantifying and monitoring overdiagnosis in cancer screening: a systematic review of methods","volume":"350","author":"Carter","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50455","article-title":"Estimating the magnitude of cancer overdiagnosis in Australia","volume":"212","author":"Glasziou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1905447","article-title":"Epidemiologic signatures in cancer","volume":"381","author":"Welch","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.2712","article-title":"Incidence of in situ and invasive cutaneous melanomas during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US","volume":"159","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2752","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2752","article-title":"Covid-19: an opportunity to reduce unnecessary healthcare","volume":"370","author":"Moynihan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045343","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on utilisation of healthcare services: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Moynihan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib26","series-title":"GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0895435623002998?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0895435623002998?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T02:06:39Z","timestamp":1745460399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0895435623002998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0895435623002998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0895-4356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0895-4356","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evidence for overdiagnosis in noncancer conditions was assessed: a metaepidemiological study using the \u2018Fair Umpire\u2019 framework","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.11.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111215"}}