{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:07:30Z","timestamp":1784797650233,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National University of Health Sciences","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journalchiromed.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Chiropractic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T16:54:41Z","timestamp":1598720081000},"page":"101-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Yoga vs Stretching in Veterans With Chronic Lower Back Pain and the Role of Mindfulness: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.67400","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Rae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Evertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"57152","reference":[{"issue":"10159","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.13805","article-title":"The state of US Health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors","volume":"310","author":"Murray","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000567","article-title":"The musculoskeletal diagnosis cohort: examining pain and pain care among veterans","volume":"157","author":"Goulet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10137","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30489-6","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of low back pain: evidence, challenges, and promising directions","volume":"391","author":"Foster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.10.010","article-title":"Spine-area pain in military personnel: a review of epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/196025","article-title":"Pain management strategies and lessons from the military: A narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Vallerand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1502-y","article-title":"An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care","volume":"19","author":"Koes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2367","article-title":"Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians","volume":"166","author":"Qaseem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2459","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic therapies for low back pain: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline","volume":"166","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.304998","article-title":"Trends in yoga, tai chi, and qigong use among US adults, 2002-2017","volume":"109","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0011","article-title":"Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back pain","volume":"1","author":"Wieland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Yoga as a treatment for chronic low back pain: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0013","series-title":"Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review","author":"Skelly","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2016.02.016","article-title":"An evidence map of yoga for low back pain","volume":"25","author":"Goode","year":"2016","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0015","series-title":"Evidence Map of Yoga for High-Impact Conditions Affecting Veterans","author":"Coeytaux","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2014.08.008","article-title":"Comparison groups in yoga research: a systematic review and critical evaluation of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1764-8","article-title":"Yoga for low back pain: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"30","author":"Posadzki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-9-201111010-00003","article-title":"Yoga for chronic low back pain: a randomized trial","volume":"155","author":"Tilbrook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-12-200512200-00003","article-title":"Comparing yoga, exercise, and a self-care book for chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"143","author":"Sherman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2579","article-title":"Yoga, physical therapy, or education for chronic low back pain: A randomized noninferiority trial","volume":"167","author":"Saper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.05.019","article-title":"Yoga for military veterans with chronic low back pain: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"53","author":"Groessl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"79","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: United States, 2002-2012","author":"Clarke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2018.29061.gau","article-title":"Whole health in the whole system of the Veterans Administration: How will we know we have reached this future state?","volume":"25","author":"Gaudet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Altern Complement Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4323-z","article-title":"Clinical policy recommendations from the VHA state-of-the-art conference on non-pharmacological approaches to chronic musculoskeletal pain","volume":"33","author":"Kligler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-015-3453-9","article-title":"Linking physical and mental health summary scores from the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) to the PROMIS(\u00ae) Global Health Scale","volume":"30","author":"Schalet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-0981-1","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference","volume":"24","author":"Krebs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.11.002","article-title":"A 2-item short form of the Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire: development and psychometric evaluation of PSEQ-2","volume":"16","author":"Nicholas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.519","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness studies in chronic low back pain: Progress and goals","volume":"171","author":"Carey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-9-200505030-00013","article-title":"Meta-analysis: exercise therapy for nonspecific low back pain","volume":"142","author":"Hayden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Chiropractic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556370720300286?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556370720300286?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:50:21Z","timestamp":1784796621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jcm.kglmeridian.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1556370720300286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-3707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-3707","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Yoga vs Stretching in Veterans With Chronic Lower Back Pain and the Role of Mindfulness: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Chiropractic Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2019.10.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 by National University of Health Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}