{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:52:48Z","timestamp":1793137968548,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Society of Cardiology and British Heart Foundation","award":["PG\/07\/134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/07\/134"]}]},{"name":"St George's Charitable Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T17:31:44Z","timestamp":1367429504000},"page":"660-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Inflammation and Microvascular Dysfunction in Cardiac Syndrome X Patients Without Conventional Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Recio-Mayoral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornella E.","family":"Rimoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo G.","family":"Camici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406233302503","article-title":"Relation between myocardial blood flow and the severity of coronary-artery stenosis","volume":"330","author":"Uren","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907272","article-title":"Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography","volume":"362","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra061889","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"356","author":"Camici","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000116601.58103.62","article-title":"Pathophysiology and management of patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms (cardiac syndrome X)","volume":"109","author":"Kaski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.09.029","article-title":"Chronic inflammation and increased arterial stiffness in patients with cardiac syndrome X","volume":"24","author":"Arroyo-Espliguero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00243-2","article-title":"C-reactive protein, clinical presentation, and ischemic activity in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"41","author":"Cosin-Sales","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.11.1233","article-title":"Coronary heart disease in smokers: vitamin C restores coronary microcirculatory function","volume":"102","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00697-5","article-title":"Low density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary microvascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia","volume":"36","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.47.2.248","article-title":"Coronary flow reserve is reduced in young men with IDDM","volume":"47","author":"Pitkanen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-9-200405040-00009","article-title":"Coronary vasomotor abnormalities in\u00a0insulin-resistant individuals","volume":"140","author":"Quinones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-861363","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction, cellular adhesion molecules and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Schram","year":"2005","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00327-6","article-title":"Reduced myocardial flow reserve in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"30","author":"Yokoyama","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp205","article-title":"Chronic inflammation and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients without risk factors for coronary artery disease","volume":"30","author":"Recio-Mayoral","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00009","article-title":"C-reactive protein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"151","author":"Buckley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000053730.47739.3C","article-title":"Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention","volume":"107","author":"Ridker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for\u00a0Disease Control and Prevention and\u00a0the American Heart Association","volume":"107","author":"Pearson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.5.1595","article-title":"Effects of\u00a0adenosine on human coronary arterial circulation","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib18","first-page":"1696","article-title":"Generation of myocardial factor images directly from the dynamic oxygen-15-water scan without use of an oxygen-15-carbon monoxide blood-pool scan","volume":"39","author":"Hermansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0402.102975","article-title":"Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of\u00a0the\u00a0American Heart Association","volume":"105","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.1.62","article-title":"Influence of age and hemodynamics on myocardial blood flow and flow reserve","volume":"88","author":"Czernin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.02.018","article-title":"Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and myocardial perfusion in patients with cardiac syndrome X","volume":"95","author":"Masci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.2.197","article-title":"Effect of short-term cardiovascular conditioning and low-fat diet on myocardial blood flow and flow reserve","volume":"92","author":"Czernin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.2.808","article-title":"Early detection of abnormal coronary flow reserve in asymptomatic men at high risk for coronary artery disease using positron emission tomography","volume":"90","author":"Dayanikli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1530","article-title":"Short-term cholesterol lowering decreases size and severity of perfusion abnormalities by positron emission tomography after dipyridamole in patients with coronary artery disease. A potential noninvasive marker of healing coronary endothelium","volume":"89","author":"Gould","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00166-9","article-title":"Role of chronic hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Di Carli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.7.1017","article-title":"Impairment of coronary vascular reserve and ACh-induced coronary vasodilation in diabetic patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries and normal left ventricular systolic function","volume":"42","author":"Nitenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198811173192002","article-title":"Angina due to coronary microvascular disease in hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"319","author":"Brush","year":"1988","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00503-2","article-title":"Homogeneously reduced versus regionally impaired myocardial blood flow in hypertensive patients: two different patterns of myocardial perfusion associated with degree of hypertrophy","volume":"31","author":"Gimelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp459","article-title":"Coronary microcirculatory vasodilator function in relation to risk factors among patients without obstructive coronary disease and low to intermediate Framingham score","volume":"31","author":"Rubinshtein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00224-7","article-title":"Elevated endothelin concentrations are associated with reduced coronary vasomotor responses in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms","volume":"34","author":"Cox","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91344-L","article-title":"Insulin resistance in microvascular angina (syndrome X)","volume":"342","author":"Botker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00460-6","article-title":"Overview of gender aspects of cardiac syndrome X","volume":"53","author":"Kaski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii5","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.070318","article-title":"Cardiac syndrome X in women: the role of oestrogen deficiency","volume":"92","author":"Kaski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060963","article-title":"Syndrome X in women is associated with oestrogen deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Rosano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(83)80037-0","article-title":"Angina caused by reduced vasodilator reserve of the small coronary arteries","volume":"1","author":"Cannon","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015119","article-title":"Both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent function is impaired in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"18","author":"Chauhan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.020594","article-title":"Angina pectoris and normal coronary arteries: cardiac syndrome X","volume":"90","author":"Crea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306103282302","article-title":"Evidence of impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilatation in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"328","author":"Egashira","year":"1993","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J\u00a0Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90485-4","article-title":"Evidence of endothelial dysfunction in coronary resistance vessels in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"68","author":"Motz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.015","article-title":"High prevalence of a pathological response to acetylcholine testing in patients with stable angina pectoris and unobstructed coronary arteries. The ACOVA Study (Abnormal COronary VAsomotion in patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronary arteries)","volume":"59","author":"Ong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.1.179","article-title":"Coronary reserve and exercise ECG in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"86","author":"Camici","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960240409","article-title":"Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 serum level in patients with\u00a0chest pain and normal coronary arteries (syndrome X)","volume":"24","author":"Tousoulis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.022269","article-title":"Relation between C reactive protein concentrations and coronary microvascular endothelial function","volume":"90","author":"Teragawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.120642","article-title":"Tracking of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after an initially elevated concentration: the JUPITER Study","volume":"55","author":"Glynn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61717-7","article-title":"C-reactive protein concentration and\u00a0risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Kaptoge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936878X13002611?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936878X13002611?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:40:13Z","timestamp":1761846013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1936878X13002611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1936878X13002611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-878X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-878X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inflammation and Microvascular Dysfunction in Cardiac Syndrome X Patients Without Conventional Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.12.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}