{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:57:10Z","timestamp":1792655830880,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM078238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM078238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK117186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK117186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011947","name":"Abbott Nutrition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 DK00771322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 DK00771322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 OD011089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 OD011089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","cmghjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,19]],"date-time":"2019-11-19T12:03:00Z","timestamp":1574164980000},"page":"403-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["A Novel Role for Necroptosis in the Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Adam D.","family":"Werts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B.","family":"Fulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell R.","family":"Ladd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Saad-Eldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue X.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Kovler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongpeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilyn C.","family":"Banfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael H.","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Goehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Thomas","family":"Prindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinjie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chhinder P.","family":"Sodhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Hackam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.02.013","article-title":"Mortality of necrotizing enterocolitis expressed by birth weight categories","volume":"44","author":"Fitzgibbons","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2967","article-title":"Etiologies of NICU deaths","volume":"135","author":"Jacob","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1058","article-title":"Outcomes and costs of surgical treatments of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"135","author":"Stey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2012.12.012","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical perspective of necrotizing enterocolitis: past, present, and future","volume":"40","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib5","first-page":"145","article-title":"Mapping the new world of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC): review and opinion","volume":"2","author":"Gordon","year":"2012","journal-title":"EJ Neonatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244","article-title":"Trends in care practices, morbidity, and mortality of extremely preterm neonates, 1993-2012","volume":"314","author":"Stoll","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2014.913481","article-title":"Evidence-based feeding strategies before and after the development of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"10","author":"Good","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.011","article-title":"Randomized trial of exclusive human milk versus preterm formula diets in extremely premature infants","volume":"163","author":"Cristofalo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.10.040","article-title":"An exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis than a diet of human milk and bovine milk-based products","volume":"156","author":"Sullivan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F169","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.089490","article-title":"Donor breast milk versus infant formula for preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Boyd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0248-8","article-title":"Intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Pammi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0022-z","article-title":"The premature infant gut microbiome during the first 6 weeks of life differs based on gestational maturity at birth","volume":"84","author":"Chernikova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00036-17","article-title":"The first microbial colonizers of the human gut: composition, activities, and health implications of the infant gut microbiota","volume":"81","author":"Milani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4808","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.7.4808","article-title":"A\u00a0critical role for TLR4 in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis by modulating intestinal injury and repair","volume":"179","author":"Leaphart","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.053","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial Toll-like receptor 4 regulates goblet cell development and is required for necrotizing enterocolitis in mice","volume":"143","author":"Sodhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0821-4","article-title":"The role of innate immune-stimulated epithelial apoptosis during gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases","volume":"68","author":"Siggers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5507","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700015RR","article-title":"Sepsis reveals compartment-specific responses in intestinal proliferation and apoptosis in transgenic mice whose enterocytes re-enter the cell cycle","volume":"31","author":"Lyons","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2012.746952","article-title":"Modulatory mechanisms of enterocyte apoptosis by viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens","volume":"40","author":"Buret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00909","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanisms triggered by apoptotic cells during their clearance","volume":"8","author":"Szondy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2014-0164","article-title":"Inflammatory outcomes of apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis","volume":"395","author":"Davidovich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14191","article-title":"Necroptosis and its role in inflammation","volume":"517","author":"Pasparakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10400","article-title":"Caspase-8 regulates TNF-\u03b1-induced epithelial necroptosis and terminal ileitis","volume":"477","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v6.i14.745","article-title":"Necroptosis in inflammatory bowel disease and other intestinal diseases","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.403","article-title":"Necroptosis is active in children with inflammatory bowel disease and contributes to heighten intestinal inflammation","volume":"109","author":"Pierdomenico","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.05.011","article-title":"Necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells induces type 3 innate lymphoid cell-dependent lethal ileitis","volume":"15","author":"Shindo","year":"2019","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2014.07.014","article-title":"A\u00a0plug release mechanism for membrane permeation by MLKL","volume":"22","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1636","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.16","article-title":"Differential roles of RIPK1 and RIPK3 in TNF-induced necroptosis and chemotherapeutic agent-induced cell death","volume":"6","author":"Moriwaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib28","series-title":"Detection of necroptosis by phospho-RIPK3 immunohistochemical labeling","first-page":"153","author":"Webster","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.000315","article-title":"The development of animal models for the study of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"1","author":"Sodhi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan0237","article-title":"Cognitive impairments induced by necrotizing enterocolitis can be prevented by inhibiting microglial activation in mouse brain","volume":"10","author":"Ni\u00f1o","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.09.041","article-title":"Intestinal inflammation and dysregulated immunity in patients with inherited caspase-8 deficiency","volume":"156","author":"Lehle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7450","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707531114","article-title":"MLKL forms disulfide bond-dependent amyloid-like polymers to induce necroptosis","volume":"114","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37296","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.375881","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 is expressed on intestinal stem cells and regulates their proliferation and apoptosis via the p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis","volume":"287","author":"Neal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000961","article-title":"Inflammation and apoptosis","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00329.x","article-title":"The role of nitric oxide in inflammatory reactions","volume":"51","author":"Tripathi","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy089","article-title":"RIPK3\/MLKL-mediated neuronal necroptosis modulates the M1\/M2 polarization of microglia\/macrophages in the ischemic cortex","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.3273","article-title":"The roles of bacteria and TLR4 in rat and murine models of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"177","author":"Jilling","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2018.14","article-title":"Targeting the PXR\u2013TLR4 signaling pathway to reduce intestinal inflammation in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"83","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.10.041","article-title":"Degradation of extracellular DNA significantly ameliorates necrotizing enterocolitis severity in mice","volume":"235","author":"Klinke","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.02.003","article-title":"Necroptosis: the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and its physiological relevance","volume":"38","author":"Kaczmarek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-1189-2","article-title":"c-Jun N-terminal kinases differentially regulate TNF- and TLRs-mediated necroptosis through their kinase-dependent and -independent activities","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S227","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933842","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced necroptosis of brain microvascular endothelial cells can be prevented by inhibition of endothelin receptors","volume":"67","author":"Abdul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065779","article-title":"Discovery and validation of a new class of small molecule Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitors","volume":"8","author":"Neal","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R114.635995","article-title":"Human enteroids\/colonoids and intestinal organoids functionally recapitulate normal intestinal physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"291","author":"Zachos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06196","article-title":"Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5","volume":"449","author":"Barker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib46","first-page":"G123","article-title":"Sucrase-isomaltase gene expression along crypt-villus axis of human small intestine is regulated at level of mRNA abundance","volume":"262","author":"Traber","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.341705","article-title":"Notch signaling regulates the differentiation of post-mitotic intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Zecchini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2017.06.010","article-title":"There is an association between disease location and gestational age at birth in newborns submitted to surgery due to necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"94","author":"Feldens","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07935","article-title":"Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in\u00a0vitro without a mesenchymal niche","volume":"459","author":"Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234852","article-title":"Growing self-organizing mini-guts from a single intestinal stem cell: mechanism and applications","volume":"340","author":"Sato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib51","first-page":"G179","article-title":"Regulation of intestinal epithelial proliferation: a few answers, many questions","volume":"264","author":"Podolsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00385","article-title":"Human milk oligosaccharides in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis: a journey from in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo models to mother-infant cohort studies","volume":"6","author":"Bode","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516002944","article-title":"The human milk oligosaccharide 2\u2019-fucosyllactose attenuates the severity of experimental necrotising enterocolitis by enhancing mesenteric perfusion in the neonatal intestine","volume":"116","author":"Good","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.30","article-title":"Breast milk protects against the development of necrotizing enterocolitis through inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 in the intestinal epithelium via activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"8","author":"Good","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0012-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018","volume":"25","author":"Galluzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-018-0018-5","article-title":"The independence of and associations among apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9584","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.526517","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal crypts induces necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"289","author":"Afrazi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e437","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.176","article-title":"Necrostatin-1 analogues: critical issues on the specificity, activity and in\u00a0vivo use in experimental disease models","volume":"3","author":"Takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116302108","article-title":"Toll-like receptors activate programmed necrosis in macrophages through a receptor-interacting kinase-3-mediated pathway","volume":"108","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31268","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.462341","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 3-mediated necrosis via TRIF, RIP3, and MLKL","volume":"288","author":"Kaiser","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0152-8","article-title":"HS-1371, a novel kinase inhibitor of RIP3-mediated necroptosis","volume":"50","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.11.031","article-title":"Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase","volume":"148","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15072","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408987111","article-title":"Activation of the pseudokinase MLKL unleashes the four-helix bundle domain to induce membrane localization and necroptotic cell death","volume":"111","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CC00667E","article-title":"Discovery of a new class of highly potent necroptosis inhibitors targeting the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein","volume":"53","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Commun (Camb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001255","article-title":"Toll like receptor 4 mediated lymphocyte imbalance induces Nec-induced lung injury","volume":"52","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600618","article-title":"Pulmonary epithelial Toll-like receptor 4 activation leads to lung injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis 1 HHS public access","volume":"197","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4931","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402490","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial TLR-4 activation is required for the development of acute lung injury after trauma\/hemorrhagic shock via the release of HMGB1 from the gut","volume":"194","author":"Sodhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12261","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.AAC119.010124","article-title":"High mobility group box 1 enables bacterial lipids to trigger receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated necroptosis and apoptosis in mice","volume":"294","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.06.001","article-title":"MLKL, the protein that mediates necroptosis, also regulates endosomal trafficking and extracellular vesicle generation the structural requirements for endosomal and necroptotic MLKL functions overlap","volume":"47","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aaw3423","article-title":"Flotillin-mediated endocytosis and ALIX-syntenin-1-mediated exocytosis protect the cell membrane from damage caused by necroptosis","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1704286","article-title":"Circulating extracellular vesicles in human disease","volume":"379","author":"Shah","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02723","article-title":"Large extracellular vesicles: have we found the holy grail of inflammation?","volume":"9","author":"S\u0142omka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606271","article-title":"Identification of a novel mechanism of blood \u2013 brain communication during peripheral inflammation via choroid plexus-derived extracellular vesicles","volume":"8","author":"Balusu","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4543","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103114","article-title":"Intracellular heat shock protein-70 negatively regulates TLR4 signaling in the newborn intestinal epithelium","volume":"188","author":"Afrazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2013.11.007","article-title":"Toll-like receptor regulation of intestinal development and inflammation in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83356","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-mediated lymphocyte influx induces neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"126","author":"Egan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1118","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00131.2010","article-title":"Bifidobacterium bifidum reduces apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium in necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"299","author":"Khailova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib78","first-page":"243","article-title":"Increase in pro-apoptotic Bax expression and decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression in newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"114","author":"Ates","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.119","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis: new insights into pathogenesis and mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Ni\u00f1o","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9451","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219997110","article-title":"Endothelial TLR4 activation impairs intestinal microcirculatory perfusion in necrotizing enterocolitis via eNOS-NO-nitrite signaling","volume":"110","author":"Yazji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.06.018","article-title":"The pseudokinase MLKL mediates necroptosis via a molecular switch mechanism","volume":"39","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.4.1464-1469.2004","article-title":"Kinase RIP3 is dispensable for normal NF-kappa Bs, signaling by the B-cell and T-cell receptors, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4","volume":"24","author":"Newton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.088","article-title":"Efficient genetic engineering of human intestinal organoids using electroporation","volume":"10","author":"Fujii","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45270","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45270","article-title":"A\u00a0primary human macrophage-enteroid co-culture model to investigate mucosal gut physiology and host-pathogen interactions","volume":"7","author":"Noel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"}],"container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352345X19301572?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352345X19301572?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T18:23:22Z","timestamp":1762453402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352345X19301572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"alternative-id":["S2352345X19301572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-345X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-345X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Novel Role for Necroptosis in the Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.11.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AGA Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}