{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T22:53:47Z","timestamp":1783810427098,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":156,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","cmghjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T12:41:31Z","timestamp":1655296891000},"page":"567-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Toll-like Receptor 9 Promotes Initiation of Gastric Tumorigenesis by Augmenting Inflammation and Cellular Proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaleia","family":"Livis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison C.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse J.","family":"Balic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Chonwerawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgie","family":"Wray-McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Deswaerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7552-4656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan J.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i3.354","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastric cancer","volume":"12","author":"Crew","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00011-10","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: factors that modulate disease risk","volume":"23","author":"Wroblewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib4","first-page":"336","article-title":"Pattern-recognition receptors and gastric cancer","volume":"5","author":"Casta\u00f1o-Rodriguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i9.1521","article-title":"Host pathogen interactions in Helicobacter pylori related gastric cancer","volume":"23","author":"Chmiela","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3446","article-title":"The history of toll-like receptors: redefining innate immunity","volume":"13","author":"Neill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150514104411","article-title":"Inflammatory and non-inflammatory roles for toll-like receptors in gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"21","author":"West","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2012.08.010","article-title":"STAT3-driven upregulation of TLR2 promotes gastric tumorigenesis independent of tumor inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Tye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00462-5","article-title":"Context-dependent functions of pattern recognition receptors in cancer","author":"Man","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2014.06.001","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in the toll-like receptor signalling pathway in Helicobacter pylori infection and related gastric cancer","volume":"75","author":"Casta\u00f1o-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5134","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2017.121","article-title":"Identification of a TLR2-regulated gene signature associated with tumor cell growth in gastric cancer","volume":"36","author":"West","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28413","article-title":"Expression of TLR9 in tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells enhances angiogenesis and is associated with a worse survival in lung cancer","volume":"134","author":"Belmont","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142162","article-title":"TLR9 ligation in pancreatic stellate cells promotes tumorigenesis","volume":"212","author":"Zambirinis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-07-2005","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 9 mediates CpG oligonucleotide-induced cellular invasion","volume":"6","author":"Ilvesaro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2014.3095","article-title":"Functional expression of TLR9 in esophageal cancer","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-1424-5","article-title":"Polymorphisms of toll-like receptor 9 are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility","volume":"35","author":"Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumour Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-415","article-title":"TLR9 expression in glioma tissues correlated to glioma progression and the prognosis of GBM patients","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib18","first-page":"6950","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori regulates TLR4 and TLR9 during gastric carcinogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2016.06.009","article-title":"Toll-like receptor stimulation in cancer: a pro- and anti-tumor double-edged sword","volume":"222","author":"Dajon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31414","article-title":"Development of TLR9 agonists for cancer therapy","volume":"117","author":"Krieg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G852","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00175.2016","article-title":"TLR9 activation suppresses inflammation in response to Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"311","author":"Varga","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.08.080","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 9 signaling has anti-inflammatory effects on the early phase of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis","volume":"426","author":"Otani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636562","article-title":"TLR9 polymorphisms determine murine lymphocyte responses to Helicobacter: results from a genome-wide scan","volume":"37","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000676","article-title":"Oncogenic pathway combinations predict clinical prognosis in gastric cancer","volume":"5","author":"Ooi","year":"2009","journal-title":"pLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5272","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-0974","article-title":"Serine-phosphorylated STAT3 promotes tumorigenesis via modulation of RNA polymerase transcriptional activity","volume":"79","author":"Balic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1282","article-title":"Hyperactivation of Stat3 in gp130 mutant mice promotes gastric hyperproliferation and desensitizes TGF-beta signaling","volume":"11","author":"Jenkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-19-0623","article-title":"Inhibition of the SRC kinase HCK impairs STAT3-dependent gastric tumor growth in mice","volume":"8","author":"Poh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91156-Z","article-title":"A\u00a0small animal model of human Helicobacter pylori active chronic gastritis","volume":"99","author":"Lee","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.02.049","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori activates and expands Lgr5(+) stem cells through direct colonization of the gastric glands","volume":"148","author":"Sigal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100328","article-title":"The transcription factor MIST1 is a novel human gastric chief cell marker whose expression is lost in metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma","volume":"177","author":"Lennerz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.11.049","article-title":"Expression of activated Ras in gastric chief cells of mice leads to the full spectrum of metaplastic lineage transitions","volume":"150","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13479-6","article-title":"Heterogeneity and dynamics of active Kras-induced dysplastic lineages from mouse corpus stomach","volume":"10","author":"Min","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.05.008","article-title":"Cancer stem-cell marker CD44v9-positive cells arise from Helicobacter pylori-infected CAPZA1-overexpressing cells","volume":"8","author":"Tsugawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.2.1025-1031.2001","article-title":"Cure of Helicobacter pylori infection\u00a0and resolution of gastritis by adoptive transfer of splenocytes in mice","volume":"69","author":"Eaton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5987-2_9","article-title":"TLR agonists as adjuvants for cancer vaccines","volume":"1024","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.12.021","article-title":"CpG ODN, toll like receptor (TLR)-9 agonist, inhibits metastatic colon adenocarcinoma in a murine hepatic tumor model","volume":"174","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20401","article-title":"Stimulation of TLR9 with CpG ODN enhances apoptosis of glioma and prolongs the survival of mice with experimental brain tumors","volume":"54","author":"El Andaloussi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5218","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1151","article-title":"TLR9 is critical for glioma stem cell maintenance and targeting","volume":"74","author":"Herrmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.066","article-title":"Extracellular and intracellular pattern recognition receptors cooperate in the recognition of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"136","author":"Rad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101342","article-title":"TLR9 and NF-\u03baB are partially involved in activation of human neutrophils by Helicobacter pylori and its purified DNA","volume":"9","author":"Alvarez-Arellano","year":"2014","journal-title":"pLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9050715","article-title":"Activation of signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 signaling contributes to Helicobacter-associated gastric epithelial proliferation and inflammation","volume":"2018","author":"Ishii","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9040119","article-title":"NF-\u03baB signaling in gastric cancer","volume":"9","author":"Sokolova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib43","first-page":"159","article-title":"Role of NOD1 and ALPK1\/TIFA signalling in innate immunity against Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"421","author":"Ying","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01226-09","article-title":"Increase in NF-kappaB binding affinity of the variant C allele of the toll-like receptor 9 -1237T\/C polymorphism is associated with Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric disease","volume":"78","author":"Ng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00338.x","article-title":"Host response to Helicobacter pylori infection before initiation of the adaptive immune response","volume":"51","author":"Algood","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01481-07","article-title":"Macrophages are mediators of gastritis in acute Helicobacter pylori infection in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"76","author":"Kaparakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015018","article-title":"Enhanced M1 macrophage polarization in human helicobacter pylori-associated atrophic gastritis and in vaccinated mice","volume":"5","author":"Quiding-Jarbrink","year":"2010","journal-title":"pLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib48","article-title":"Review: Helicobacter\u2014inflammation, immunology, and vaccines","volume":"24","author":"Lehours","year":"2019","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2933","article-title":"The molecular pathogenesis of STAT3-driven gastric tumourigenesis in mice is independent of IL-17","volume":"225","author":"Kennedy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib50","first-page":"1727","article-title":"STAT3 and STAT1 mediate IL-11\u2013dependent and inflammation-associated gastric tumorigenesis in gp130 receptor mutant mice","volume":"118","author":"Ernst","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/35047123","article-title":"A\u00a0toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA","volume":"408","author":"Hemmi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.009","article-title":"Innate immune molecule NLRC5 protects mice from Helicobacter-induced formation of gastric lymphoid tissue","volume":"159","author":"Chonwerawong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-005-2_20","article-title":"Mouse models of Helicobacter-induced gastric cancer: use of cocarcinogens","volume":"921","author":"Ferrero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.01.021","article-title":"Constitutive STAT3 serine phosphorylation promotes Helicobacter-mediated gastric disease","volume":"190","author":"Balic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.077","article-title":"Interleukin-17 is a critical mediator of vaccine-induced reduction of Helicobacter infection in the mouse model","volume":"136","author":"Velin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib57","article-title":"STAT3-mediated upregulation of the AIM2 DNA sensor links innate immunity with cell migration to promote epithelial tumourigenesis","author":"Dawson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-1887","article-title":"Inflammasome adaptor ASC suppresses apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by an IL18-mediated inflammation-independent mechanism","volume":"78","author":"Deswaerte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res"}],"container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352345X22001011?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352345X22001011?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T18:31:25Z","timestamp":1762453885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352345X22001011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S2352345X22001011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-345X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-345X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Toll-like Receptor 9 Promotes Initiation of Gastric Tumorigenesis by Augmenting Inflammation and Cellular Proliferation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AGA Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}