{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T07:02:04Z","timestamp":1776754924176,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","cmghjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T21:19:13Z","timestamp":1676323153000},"page":"1-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Distal Fecal Wash Host Transcriptomics Identifies Inflammation Throughout the Colon and Terminal Ileum"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Stav","family":"Dan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bella","family":"Ungar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shani","family":"Ben-Moshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Bahar Halpern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miri","family":"Yavzori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Fudim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orit","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaya Mushka","family":"Abitbol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sivan","family":"Harnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Barshack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uri","family":"Kopylov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shomron","family":"Ben-Horin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0685-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalev","family":"Itzkovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib2","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive review and update on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"2019","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4014","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i35.4014","article-title":"Endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease: role in diagnosis, management, and treatment","volume":"24","author":"Spiceland","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0050-3","article-title":"The current state of the art for biological therapies and new small molecules in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Paramsothy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy004","article-title":"Primary non-response to tumor necrosis factor antagonists is associated with inferior response to second-line biologics in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325516","article-title":"Host transcriptome signatures in human faecal-washes predict histological remission in patients with IBD","volume":"71","author":"Ungar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib6","author":"Halpern"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05347-6","article-title":"Sensitive and powerful single-cell RNA sequencing using mcSCRB-seq","volume":"9","author":"Bagnoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.06.029","article-title":"Intra- and inter-cellular rewiring of the human colon during ulcerative colitis","volume":"178","author":"Smillie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000442012.45038.0e","article-title":"DUOX2 and DUOXA2 form the predominant enzyme system capable of producing the reactive oxygen species H2O2 in active ulcerative colitis and are modulated by 5-aminosalicylic acid","volume":"20","author":"MacFie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.026","article-title":"Serum amyloid A proteins induce pathogenic Th17 cells and promote inflammatory disease","volume":"180","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i12.3208","article-title":"Interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel diseases susceptibility","volume":"20","author":"Magyari","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.12.005","article-title":"The loss of tolerance to CHI3L1 \u2013 a putative role in inflammatory bowel disease?","volume":"199","author":"Deutschmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.008","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of Crohn\u2019s disease lesions identifies a pathogenic cellular module associated with resistance to anti-TNF therapy","volume":"178","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9010","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88489-w","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis immune cell landscapes and differentially expressed gene signatures determine novel regulators and predict clinical response to biologic therapy","volume":"11","author":"Penrose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20110","article-title":"Genome-wide gene expression differences in Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis from endoscopic pinch biopsies: insights into distinctive pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.5135","article-title":"Involvement of CXCR4\/CXCR7\/CXCL12 interactions in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"3","author":"Werner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa236","article-title":"Ileal transcriptomic analysis in paediatric Crohn\u2019s disease reveals il17- and NOD-signalling expression signatures in treatment-na\u00efve patients and identifies epithelial cells driving differentially expressed genes","volume":"15","author":"Ashton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321731","article-title":"Deconvolution of monocyte responses in inflammatory bowel disease reveals an IL-1 cytokine network that regulates IL-23 in genetic and acquired IL-10 resistance","volume":"70","author":"Aschenbrenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4307","article-title":"Oncostatin M drives intestinal inflammation and predicts response to tumor necrosis factor-neutralizing therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"23","author":"West","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01520-5","article-title":"IL-1-driven stromal\u2013neutrophil interactions define a subset of patients with inflammatory bowel disease that does not respond to therapies","volume":"27","author":"Friedrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.233","article-title":"Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE): determining therapeutic goals for treat-to-target","volume":"110","author":"Peyrin-Biroulet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Coll Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argmann C, Hou R, Ungaro RC, et\u00a0al. Biopsy and blood-based molecular biomarker of inflammation in IBD. Gut. Published online September 15, 2022. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326451.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326451"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz195","article-title":"Predictors of primary response to biologic treatment [anti-TNF, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab] in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: from basic science to clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Gisbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322129","article-title":"Emerging treatment options for extraintestinal manifestations in IBD","volume":"70","author":"Greuter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.10.025","article-title":"Optimizing anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy: serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab are associated with mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"14","author":"Ungar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0386","article-title":"Faecal calprotectin: comparative study of the Quantum Blue rapid test and an established ELISA method","volume":"51","author":"Coorevits","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib27","first-page":"CD011450","article-title":"Endoscopic scoring indices for evaluation of disease activity in ulcerative colitis","volume":"1","author":"Mohammed Vashist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)01878-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a new, simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn\u2019s disease: the SES-CD","volume":"60","author":"Daperno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e31829b2a37","article-title":"Consecutive fecal calprotectin measurements to predict relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis receiving infliximab maintenance therapy","volume":"19","author":"De Vos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"giy059","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy059","article-title":"zUMIs - a fast and flexible pipeline to process RNA sequencing data with UMIs","volume":"7","author":"Parekh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gigascience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0114-2","article-title":"Determining cell type abundance and expression from bulk tissues with digital cytometry","volume":"37","author":"Newman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1017\/S1481803500013336","article-title":"Understanding receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","article-title":"Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update","volume":"44","author":"Kuleshov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"}],"container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352345X23000218?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352345X23000218?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T18:33:33Z","timestamp":1762454013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352345X23000218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"alternative-id":["S2352345X23000218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-345X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-345X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distal Fecal Wash Host Transcriptomics Identifies Inflammation Throughout the Colon and Terminal Ileum","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the AGA Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}