{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:47:06Z","timestamp":1791924426437,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","cmghjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:04:17Z","timestamp":1790319857000},"page":"101901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondrial DNA Released by Biliary Epithelial Cells Enhances Inflammation in Biliary Atresia Through the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase\u2013Stimulator of Interferon Genes\u2013Nuclear Factor-\u03baB Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9062-7701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zequan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengchen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changgui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8499-9867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weibing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2022.03.001","article-title":"Biliary atresia in children: update on disease mechanism, therapies, and patient outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Antala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00533-x","article-title":"Biliary atresia","volume":"10","author":"Tam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2022.25.5.353","article-title":"Peri-operative liver fibrosis and native liver survival in pediatric patients with biliary atresia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Jahangirnia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.09.009","article-title":"Treatment policy and liver histopathology predict biliary atresia outcomes: results after national centralization and protocol biopsies","volume":"226","author":"Hukkinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2025.151474","article-title":"Immunology of biliary atresia","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-023-05489-9","article-title":"Development of liver inflammatory injury in biliary atresia: from basic to clinical research","volume":"39","author":"Chusilp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib7","article-title":"The role of cGAS-STING signalling in liver diseases","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.002","article-title":"DAMPs and DAMP-sensing receptors in inflammation and diseases","volume":"57","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02253-4","article-title":"Mitochondria in oxidative stress, inflammation and aging: from mechanisms to therapeutic advances","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-00965-7","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA release and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0125-y","article-title":"Cholangiocyte pathobiology","volume":"16","author":"Banales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2220\/biomedres.38.269","article-title":"CCL5 is induced by TLR 3 signaling in HuCCT1 human biliary epithelial cells: possible involvement in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia","volume":"38","author":"Shimada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12103","article-title":"Interleukin-32 production associated with biliary innate immunity and proinflammatory cytokines contributes to the pathogenesis of cholangitis in biliary atresia","volume":"173","author":"Okamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.06.018","article-title":"Gene expression profile of TLR7 signaling pathway in the liver of rhesus rotavirus-induced murine biliary atresia","volume":"503","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.038","article-title":"Regulation of epithelial injury and bile duct obstruction by NLRP3, IL-1R1 in experimental biliary atresia","volume":"69","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2024.102512","article-title":"A heterogeneous subtype of biliary epithelial senescence may be involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis","volume":"49","author":"Sasaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000001064","article-title":"Integrative single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses identify a pathogenic cholangiocyte niche and TNFRSF12A as therapeutic target for biliary atresia","volume":"81","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labinv.2024.102199","article-title":"Dysregulated activation of hippo-YAP1 signaling induces oxidative stress and aberrant development of intrahepatic biliary cells in biliary atresia","volume":"105","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"4 Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.08.019","article-title":"How the biliary tree maintains immune tolerance?","volume":"1864","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120121","article-title":"Shaoyao Gancao decoction promotes splenic immune homeostasis mediating cGAS-STING signaling pathway to delay autoimmune hepatitis progression","volume":"352","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib21","article-title":"Activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway promotes liver fibrosis and hepatic sinusoidal microthrombosis","volume":"125","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04197-6","article-title":"Huc-MSCs-derived exosomes alleviate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating macrophages polarization through miR-24-3p\/STING axis","volume":"16","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000388","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA and the STING pathway are required for hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"78","author":"Arumugam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70063","article-title":"STING activation in various cell types in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-024-02132-0","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA leakage promotes persistent pancreatic acinar cell injury in acute pancreatitis via the cGAS-STING-NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"7213","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07317","article-title":"STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling","volume":"455","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.03.029","article-title":"The mechanism of STING autoinhibition and activation","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4907","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15673","article-title":"The STING antagonist H-151 ameliorates psoriasis via suppression of STING\/NF-\u03baB-mediated inflammation","volume":"178","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00833-9","article-title":"Small molecule inhibition of cGAS reduces interferon expression in primary macrophages from autoimmune mice","volume":"8","author":"Vincent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105344","article-title":"Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor promotes Th2 immune response in the liver by increasing cholangiocytes derived IL-33: a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker of biliary atresia","volume":"108","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15457","article-title":"Human poliovirus receptor contributes to biliary atresia pathogenesis by exacerbating natural-killer-cell-mediated bile duct injury","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-013013","article-title":"Development of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tract: a framework for understanding congenital diseases","volume":"15","author":"Lemaigre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031046","article-title":"Cytosolic DNA sensing promotes macrophage transformation and governs myocardial ischemic injury","volume":"137","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib34","article-title":"Activation of the cGAS-STING-IRF3 axis by type I and II interferons contributes to host defense","volume":"11","author":"Tong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5328","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00037-14","article-title":"Cytosolic-DNA-mediated, STING-dependent proinflammatory gene induction necessitates canonical NF-\u03baB activation through TBK1","volume":"88","author":"Abe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1107844","article-title":"IL-32 is induced by activation of toll-like receptors in multiple myeloma cells","volume":"14","author":"Aass","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MR0620-550R","article-title":"Molecular interactions and functions of IL-32","volume":"109","author":"Aass","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28786","article-title":"CXCL10-mediates macrophage, but not other innate immune cells-associated inflammation in murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"6","author":"Tomita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1052917","article-title":"CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 as biomarkers of liver injury caused by chronic hepatitis B","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.06.043","article-title":"Roles for chemokines in liver disease","volume":"147","author":"Marra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217870","article-title":"Coenzyme Q(10) supplementation for the reduction of oxidative stress: clinical implications in the treatment of chronic diseases","volume":"21","author":"Gutierrez-Mariscal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.857364","article-title":"Coenzyme Q(10) reduces infarct size in animal models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a meta-analysis and summary of underlying mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Awad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02326-8","article-title":"Six-month supplementation with high dose coenzyme Q10 improves liver steatosis, endothelial, vascular and myocardial function in patients with metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Vrentzos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121336","article-title":"NF-\u03baB regulates the expression of STING via alternative promoter usage","volume":"314","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4490","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27860","article-title":"UNC93B1 attenuates the cGAS-STING signaling pathway by targeting STING for autophagy-lysosome degradation","volume":"94","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1140373","article-title":"Interleukin-32 as a biomarker in rheumatic diseases: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14392","article-title":"IFI16 and cGAS cooperate in the activation of STING during DNA sensing in human keratinocytes","volume":"8","author":"Almine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2025.101640","article-title":"EP300\/YAP1-SERPINE1 signaling regulates ductular reaction and liver fibrosis in biliary atresia","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352345X26001797?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352345X26001797?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:10:02Z","timestamp":1791922202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352345X26001797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S2352345X26001797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-345X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-345X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mitochondrial DNA Released by Biliary Epithelial Cells Enhances Inflammation in Biliary Atresia Through the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase\u2013Stimulator of Interferon Genes\u2013Nuclear Factor-\u03baB Pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2026.101901","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Gastroenterological Association Institute.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101901"}}