{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:43:00Z","timestamp":1790818980116,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T17:30:37Z","timestamp":1383327037000},"page":"e259-e265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Inaccuracies in additive manufactured medical skull models caused by\u00a0the DICOM to STL conversion process"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Eero","family":"Huotilainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risto","family":"Jaanimets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Val\u00e1\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Marci\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Tuomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1108\/13552541111113907","article-title":"Additive manufacturing in South Africa: building on the foundations","volume":"17","author":"Campbell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rapid Prototyp J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2004.07.008","article-title":"Texture analysis of medical images","volume":"59","author":"Castellano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200303000-00006","article-title":"The accuracy of stereolithography in planning craniofacial bone replacement","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2000.0135","article-title":"Analysis of errors in medical rapid prototyping models","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.03.015","article-title":"CAD\/CAM guided secondary mandibular reconstruction of a discontinuity defect after ablative cancer surgery","volume":"40","author":"Ciocca","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2008.60","article-title":"Edge transformations for improving mesh quality of marching cubes","volume":"15","author":"Dietrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2009.02.028","article-title":"Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"38","author":"De Vos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2009.11.005","article-title":"Computer-assisted craniomaxillofacial surgery","volume":"22","author":"Edwards","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200209000-00011","article-title":"Craniofacial reconstruction with computer generated HTR patient-matched implants. Use in primary bony tumour excision","volume":"13","author":"Eppley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W683","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5681","article-title":"Clinical applications of physical 3D models derived from MDCT data and created by rapid prototyping","volume":"196","author":"Esses","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.9.1178","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of computed tomography scan protocols and freeform fabrication methods on bone biomodel accuracy","volume":"72","author":"Fitzwater","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.04.001","article-title":"Clinical feasibility of computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) in the treatment of complex cranio-maxillofacial deformities","volume":"65","author":"Gateno","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31820f7f90","article-title":"Prototyping for surgical and prosthetic treatment","volume":"22","author":"Goiato","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.02.007","article-title":"Use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing to produce orthognathically ideal surgical outcomes: a paradigm shift in head and neck reconstruction","volume":"67","author":"Hirsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.02.022","article-title":"Application of CAD\/CAM-assisted technique with surgical treatment in reconstruction of the mandible","volume":"40","author":"Hou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2008.10.008","article-title":"Dimensional error of selective laser sintering, three-dimensional printing and PolyJet models in the reproduction of mandibular anatomy","volume":"37","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.01.016","article-title":"The reliability of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) \u2013 generated frontal cephalograms","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib18","series-title":"Proceedings of the 4th national conference on rapid and virtual prototyping and applications","first-page":"23","article-title":"Rapid prototyping techniques used to produce medical models\/implants","author":"Laoui","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib19","series-title":"SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","first-page":"163","article-title":"Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm","author":"Lorensen","year":"1987"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/19603304","article-title":"Deriving Hounsfield units using grey levels in cone beam computed tomography","volume":"39","author":"Mah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328348a924","article-title":"Modern concepts in computer-assisted craniomaxillofacial reconstruction","volume":"19","author":"Markiewicz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/scs.0b013e318069014f","article-title":"Use of three-dimensional medical modeling methods for precise planning of orthognathic surgery","volume":"18","author":"Mavili","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.09.003","article-title":"Image data based reconstruction of the midface using a patient-specific implant in combination with a vascularized osteomyocutaneous scapular flap","volume":"41","author":"Mertens","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.03.013","article-title":"Applications of 3-dimensional virtual computerized tomography technology in oral and maxillofacial surgery: current therapy","volume":"68","author":"Orentlicher","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.171","article-title":"A\u00a0classification of cranial implants based on the degree of difficulty in computer design and manufacture","volume":"4","author":"Poukens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Med Robot Comput Assist Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.2.1.315","article-title":"Current methods in medical image segmentation","volume":"2","author":"Pham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.02.019","article-title":"Three dimensional comparative measurement of polyurethane milled skull models based on CT and MRI data sets","volume":"40","author":"Reinbacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-010-0476-x","article-title":"3D printing based on imaging data: review of medical applications","volume":"5","author":"Rengier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib29","first-page":"47","article-title":"At the speed of light \u2013 additive manufacturing of custom medical implants","volume":"17","author":"Rouse","year":"2009","journal-title":"The TCT Mag"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1108\/13552541211218126","article-title":"Patient specific reconstruction with 3D modeling and DMLS additive manufacturing","volume":"18","author":"Salmi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rapid Prototyp J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1563\/AAID-JOI-D-11-00130","article-title":"Accuracy of cone beam computerized tomography and a three-dimensional stereolithographic model in identifying the anterior loop of the mental nerve: a study on cadavers","volume":"38","author":"Santana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Implantol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib32","first-page":"290","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of bone density using the Hounsfield index","volume":"21","author":"Shapurian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib33","first-page":"3","article-title":"Automated medical image segmentation techniques","volume":"35","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2008.04.003","article-title":"Dimensional error in selective laser sintering and 3D-printing of models for craniomaxillary anatomy reconstruction","volume":"36","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000230618.95012.1d","article-title":"Stereolithography for craniofacial surgery","volume":"17","author":"Sinn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2006.07.021","article-title":"A\u00a0survey of the marching cubes algorithm","volume":"30","author":"Timothy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput Graph"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-010-0440-8","article-title":"Measurements on 3D models of human skulls derived from two different cone beam CT scanners","volume":"15","author":"van Vlijmen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib38","first-page":"149","article-title":"A\u00a0review of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques in the medical and biomedical sector","volume":"24","author":"Webb","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Eng Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-011-0556-6","article-title":"Calibrated segmentation of CBCT and CT images for digitization of dental prostheses","volume":"6","author":"Wouters","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/45926904","article-title":"The reliability of computed tomography (CT) values and dimensional measurements of the oropharyngeal region using cone beam CT: comparison with multidetector CT","volume":"37","author":"Yamashina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(96)00167-6","article-title":"A\u00a0two-dimensional extension of minimum cross entropy thresholding for the segmentation of ultrasound images","volume":"22","author":"Zimmer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1010518213002862?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1010518213002862?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T14:30:15Z","timestamp":1760884215000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1010518213002862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1010518213002862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1010-5182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1010-5182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inaccuracies in additive manufactured medical skull models caused by\u00a0the DICOM to STL conversion process","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2013.10.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}