{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:08:22Z","timestamp":1791414502610,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T02:47:15Z","timestamp":1448938035000},"page":"85-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Nonsurgical management of condylar fractures in children: A 15-year clinical retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Theologie-Lygidakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Chatzidimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotios","family":"Tzerbos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Gouzioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Iatrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib1","series-title":"Parameters of Care: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","author":"AAOMS","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib2","first-page":"269","article-title":"Mandibular condyle fractures in childhood\u2014the clinico-roentgenological follow-up","volume":"80","author":"Altmann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dtsch Zahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572010000100005","article-title":"Mandibular fractures: a comparative analysis between young and adult patients in the southeast region of Turkey","volume":"18","author":"Atilgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Oral Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq154","article-title":"Morphological occlusal features following condylar fractures in children","volume":"34","author":"Ben-Bassat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.1998.0014","article-title":"Mandibular condyle fractures: a consensus [Editorial]","volume":"37","author":"Bos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31825755d3","article-title":"Conservative treatment of unilateral displaced condylar fractures in children with mixed dentition","volume":"23","author":"Boffano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2011.08.003","article-title":"Management and outcome of condylar fractures in children and adolescents: a review of the literature","volume":"114","author":"Bruckmoser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199901000-00017","article-title":"Condylar fractures during growth: follow-up of 16 patients","volume":"10","author":"Cascone","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.005","article-title":"A\u00a0follow-up study of condyle fracture in children","volume":"34","author":"Choi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-012-0344-7","article-title":"Open versus closed reduction: mandibular condylar fractures in children","volume":"16","author":"Chrcanovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(89)80009-8","article-title":"15 Years follow-up on condylar fractures","volume":"18","author":"Dahlstr\u00f6m","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0103","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of open and closed treatment of condylar fractures: a change in philosophy","volume":"30","author":"De Riu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000226943.79337.bf","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation of dislocated condylar fractures in children: long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes","volume":"57","author":"Deleyiannis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.1997.tb06079.x","article-title":"Condylar injuries in growing patients","volume":"42","author":"Dimitroulis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2006.03.003","article-title":"Open versus closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process\u2014a prospective randomized multi-centre study","volume":"34","author":"Eckelt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2008.00750.x","article-title":"Long-term results of early condylar fracture correction: case report","volume":"25","author":"Farronato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib17","first-page":"36","article-title":"The regenerative capability of the condylar process of the mandible","volume":"46","author":"Gundlach","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dtsch Zahnarztl Z"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2001.0228","article-title":"Remodeling following condylar fractures in children","volume":"29","author":"G\u00fcven","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(05)80435-4","article-title":"Fractures of the maxillofacial region in children","volume":"20","author":"G\u00fcven","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.11.491","article-title":"A\u00a0new surgical approach to treat medial or low condylar fractures: the minor parotid anterior approach","volume":"117","author":"Hou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(99)80056-3","article-title":"Long-term results of non surgical management of condylar fractures in children","volume":"28","author":"Hovinga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib22","first-page":"1440","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical treatment for pediatric mandibular condylar fractures","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2010.02.008","article-title":"Surgical protocols and outcome for the treatment of maxillofacial fractures in children: 9 years' experience","volume":"38","author":"Iatrou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02167544","article-title":"Functional treatment after condylar fractures with and without an activator","volume":"51","author":"Kahl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fortschr Kieferorthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.06.667","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of closed treatment of nondisplaced and nondislocated mandibular condyle fractures versus open reposition and rigid fixation of displaced and dislocated fractures in children","volume":"66","author":"Landes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib26","first-page":"5","article-title":"Sequelae of unrecognized, untreated mandibular condylar fractures in the paediatric patient","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.03.006","article-title":"Treatment of low subcondylar fractures\u2014a 5-year retrospective study","volume":"42","author":"Leiser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.03.019","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of mandibular condylar fractures in children","volume":"69","author":"Lekven","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.237","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint dysfunction after mandibular fracture in children: a 10-year review","volume":"137","author":"Leuin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.10.007","article-title":"Clinical and radiological outcomes after treatment of sagittal fracture of mandibularcondyle (SFMC) by using occlusal splint in children","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib31","first-page":"641","article-title":"Evaluation of the clinical results of non-surgical treatment for pediatric sagittal fracture of mandibular condyle","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2004.08.018","article-title":"Subclassification of fractures of the condylar process of the mandible","volume":"43","author":"Loukota","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.03.005","article-title":"Position paper from the IBRA symposium on surgery of the head\u2014The 2nd international symposium for condylar fracture osteosynthesis, Marseille, France, 2012","volume":"42","author":"Neff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389559","article-title":"The comprehensive AOCMF classification system: condylar process fractures\u2014Level 3 Tutorial","volume":"7","author":"Neff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80132-6","article-title":"Pediatric condylar fractures: a long-term follow-up study of 55 patients","volume":"51","author":"Norholt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(05)80132-5","article-title":"Surgical treatment of the fractured and dislocated condylar process of the mandible","volume":"23","author":"Pereira","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cranio Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.03.023","article-title":"Transoral open reduction and fixation of mandibular condylar base and neckfractures in children and young teenagers\u2014a beneficial treatment option?","volume":"71","author":"Schiel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(99)80200-8","article-title":"Conservative treatment of unilateral condylar fractures in children: a long-term clinical and radiologic follow-up of 55 patients","volume":"28","author":"Strobl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318293d605","article-title":"Comparison of nonsurgical treatment options in pediatric condylar fractures: rigid intermaxillary fixation versus using guiding elastic therapy","volume":"24","author":"Tabrizi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(05)80398-1","article-title":"Different patterns of mandibular fractures in children. An analysis of 220 fractures in 157 patients","volume":"20","author":"Thor\u00e9n","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(97)90401-0","article-title":"An epidemiological study of patterns of condylar fractures in children","volume":"35","author":"Thor\u00e9n","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.23369","article-title":"Condylar process fractures in children: a follow-up study of fractures with total dislocation of the condyle from the glenoid fossa","volume":"59","author":"Thor\u00e9n","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(98)90214-1","article-title":"Radiologic changes of the temporomandibular joint after condylar fractures in childhood","volume":"86","author":"Thor\u00e9n","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2003.08.010","article-title":"Mandibular condyle fractures: determinants of treatment and outcome","volume":"62","author":"Villarreal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(94)90542-8","article-title":"Condylar fractures: nonsurgical management","volume":"52","author":"Walker","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.09.006","article-title":"Management of paediatric mandibular condylar fractures with screw-based semi-rigid intermaxillary fixation","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182646506","article-title":"Maxillofacial fractures in children","volume":"24","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(05)80509-8","article-title":"Fractures of the facial skeleton in children","volume":"18","author":"Zachariades","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cranio Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2006.07.854","article-title":"Fractures of the mandibular condyle: a review of 466 cases. Literature review, reflections on treatment and proposals","volume":"34","author":"Zachariades","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cranio Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s007840050056","article-title":"Facial trauma in children and adolescents","volume":"2","author":"Zerfowski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.07.010","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective study of using removable occlusal splint in the treatment of condylar fracture in children","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011_bib52","first-page":"874","article-title":"Management of condylar fractures in children: review of the literature and case presentations","volume":"16","author":"Ziccardi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1010518215003947?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1010518215003947?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T14:34:17Z","timestamp":1760884457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1010518215003947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1010518215003947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1010-5182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1010-5182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nonsurgical management of condylar fractures in children: A 15-year clinical retrospective study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.11.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}