{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:07:12Z","timestamp":1777885632649,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017962","name":"Jiangsu Commission of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZD2022007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2022007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017962","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007289","name":"Nanjing Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016334","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CXZX202227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXZX202227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T19:52:57Z","timestamp":1753213977000},"page":"1675-1682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive three-dimensional morphological changes in perioral soft tissue following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RuoYuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yule","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinwei","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9797-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.045","article-title":"Changes in three-dimensional nasal morphology according to the direction of maxillary movement during Le Fort I osteotomy","volume":"98","author":"Aihara","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthetic Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04685-6","article-title":"Orthodontic camouflage versus orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment in borderline class III malocclusion: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Alhammadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005876","article-title":"Nasolabial changes following double jaw surgery","volume":"30","author":"Allar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2019.02.008","article-title":"Nasal structure changes after inferior maxillary repositioning: a retrospective study of 20 cases","volume":"120","author":"Ben Rejeb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1061-3315(18)30030-1","article-title":"Soft tissue changes associated with orthognathic surgery","volume":"8","author":"Betts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2024.08.011","article-title":"Maxillary advancement surgery with vertical component: impact on the nasolabial aesthetics","volume":"52","author":"Bicki","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.11.002","article-title":"Nasolabial soft tissue effects of segmented and non-segmented Le Fort I osteotomy using a modified alar cinch technique-a cone beam computed tomography evaluation","volume":"49","author":"de Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib9","first-page":"89","article-title":"The alar base cinch suture to control nasal width in maxillary osteotomies","volume":"3","author":"Guymon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Adult Orthod. Orthognath. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.01.061","article-title":"Surgery-first and orthodontic-first approaches produce similar patterns of condylar displacement and remodeling in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion","volume":"77","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2010.02.009","article-title":"Use of the alar base cinch suture in Le Fort I osteotomy: is it effective?","volume":"49","author":"Howley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib12","first-page":"15","article-title":"Stability and effect on the soft tissue profile of mandibular setback with sagittal split osteotomy and rigid internal fixation","volume":"10","author":"Ingervall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Adult Orthod. Orthognath. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-018-0179-z","article-title":"Three dimensional evaluation of soft tissue after orthognathic surgery","volume":"14","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.11.028","article-title":"Prospective assessment of maxillary advancement effects: maxillary incisor exposure, and upper lip and nasal changes","volume":"147","author":"Khamashta-Ledezma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.08.001","article-title":"Accuracy of 3-dimensional soft tissue prediction for orthognathic surgery in a Chinese population","volume":"123","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1076","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010447","article-title":"Comparison of effects between total maxillary setback osteotomy and anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy on nasolabial morphology","volume":"152","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.20485","article-title":"Soft tissue changes of the upper lip associated with maxillary advancement in obstructive sleep apnea patients","volume":"59","author":"Louis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03830-x","article-title":"Analysis of facial features and prediction of lip position in skeletal class III malocclusion adult patients undergoing surgical-orthodontic treatment","volume":"25","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000010224","article-title":"Comprehensive 3-dimensional positional and morphological analyses of condyle and glenoid fossa in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2008.07.004","article-title":"Soft and hard tissue changes after bimaxillary surgery in Turkish female class III patients","volume":"37","author":"Marsan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.02.012","article-title":"Fracture patterns after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus according to the Obwegeser\/Dal Pont and Hunsuck\/Epker modifications","volume":"45","author":"Mohlhenrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.09.001","article-title":"Post-operative soft tissue changes in patients with mandibular prognathism after bimaxillary surgery","volume":"41","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-017-1079-7","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of changes in soft tissues after single-jaw surgery and bimaxillary surgery in skeletal class III patients","volume":"17","author":"Parappallil","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.01.028","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of nasolabial soft tissue changes after Le Fort I osteotomy: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Paredes de Sousa Gil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.05.008","article-title":"The evaluation of the nasal morphologic changes after bimaxillary surgery in skeletal class III maloccusion by using the superimposition of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib26","first-page":"141","article-title":"Psychological impact of self-image dissatisfaction after orthognathic surgery: a case report","volume":"6","author":"Pavone","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J. Orthod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2024.02.008","article-title":"Three-dimensional facial soft-tissue changes after surgical orthodontics in different vertical facial types of skeletal class III malocclusion: a retrospective study","volume":"52","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-018-2609-5","article-title":"Changes in the facial soft-tissue profile after mandibular orthognathic surgery","volume":"23","author":"Rupperti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005103","article-title":"Three-dimensional nasal alterations in Le Fort I advancement: linear measurements, angles, nasal indices, and volume differences","volume":"30","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.123632","article-title":"Treatment decision in adult patients with class III malocclusion: orthodontic therapy or orthognathic surgery?","volume":"122","author":"Stellzig-Eisenhauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601812010366","article-title":"A perioral soft tissue evaluation after orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional computed tomography scan","volume":"12","author":"Tiwari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Dent. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2012.01.019","article-title":"Soft tissue morphology of the naso-maxillary complex following surgical correction of maxillary hypoplasia","volume":"41","author":"Ubaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006167","article-title":"The effects of maxillary movements on nasal aesthetics following orthognathic surgery","volume":"31","author":"Ustun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.05.024","article-title":"Assessing the outcome of orthognathic surgery by three-dimensional soft tissue analysis","volume":"47","author":"Vittert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05032-z","article-title":"Three-dimensional quantitative changes of condyle in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery with 5-year follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2021.12.010","article-title":"Improved lip esthetics in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion and facial asymmetry after isolated mandibular orthognathic surgery","volume":"161","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006_bib37","article-title":"Three-dimensional changes of masseter muscle in patients with class III asymmetry after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S101051822500229X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S101051822500229X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:08:11Z","timestamp":1777604891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S101051822500229X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S101051822500229X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1010-5182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1010-5182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comprehensive three-dimensional morphological changes in perioral soft tissue following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2025.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}