{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T02:13:41Z","timestamp":1788488021138,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:01:49Z","timestamp":1785412909000},"page":"109840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Civil liability in oral & maxillofacial surgery: \u0391 systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Ketsekioulafis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1378-6957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Katsos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros-Evaggelos","family":"Sarivalasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chara","family":"Spiliopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Lytras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Stylianaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Petsinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4257-2555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil I.","family":"Sakelliadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2021.05.012","article-title":"Clinical negligence claims in oral and maxillofacial surgery over the last 10 years","volume":"59","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12374","article-title":"The Australian litigation landscape - oral and maxillofacial surgery and general dentistry (oral surgery procedures): an analysis of litigation cases","volume":"61","author":"Badenoch-Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust. Dent. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2017-0007","article-title":"Medical errors, malpractice, and defensive medicine: an ill-fated triad","volume":"4","author":"Berlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagnosis (Berl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-019-00756-3","article-title":"Twenty four years of oral and maxillofacial surgery malpractice claims in Spain: patient safety lessons to learn","volume":"23","author":"Bordonaba-Leiva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2018.12.003","article-title":"Causes for litigation and risk management in facial surgery: a review of 136 cases","volume":"120","author":"De Brauwer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib6","series-title":"Grammarly","author":"Grammarly","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2011.06.003","article-title":"Litigation in National Health Service oral and maxillofacial surgery: review of the last 15 years","volume":"50","author":"Gulati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875211022530","article-title":"The liability of performing orthognathic surgery","volume":"15","author":"Halepas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2019.07.001","article-title":"How often Do oral maxillofacial surgeons lose malpractice cases and why?","volume":"77","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813475566","article-title":"Salivary gland surgery and medical malpractice","volume":"148","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2020.03.015","article-title":"Characteristics of national malpractice claims in oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"78","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.103040","article-title":"Medical liability related legislation and insurance policies around the world: a narrative literature review","volume":"117","author":"Ketsekioulafis","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2003.50036","article-title":"Litigation and the lingual nerve","volume":"61","author":"Lydiatt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.09.025","article-title":"Medical litigation in oral surgery practice: lessons learned from 20 lawsuits","volume":"20","author":"Marei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib15","series-title":"Chatgpt, Openai","year":"2026"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib17","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800034-2.00265-2","article-title":"Medical malpractice: Facio-maxillary surgery","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Encycl. Forensic Legal Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10089-3","article-title":"Defensive medicine through the lens of the managerial perspective: a literature review","volume":"23","author":"Pischedda","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-006-0043-3","article-title":"[Evaluation of 157 arbitration procedures against maxillofacial surgeons handled by the arbitration office of the North German medical associations from 2000 to 2005]","volume":"11","author":"Schmid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir"},{"issue":"1 Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(93)90012-3","article-title":"Maxillofacial esthetic surgery","volume":"51","author":"Waite","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1010518226053977?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1010518226053977?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:45:12Z","timestamp":1788486312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1010518226053977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1010518226053977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840","relation":{},"ISSN":["1010-5182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1010-5182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Civil liability in oral & maxillofacial surgery: \u0391 systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2026.109840","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109840"}}