{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T18:22:25Z","timestamp":1768069345658,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Communication Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,22]],"date-time":"2003-09-22T20:37:21Z","timestamp":1064263041000},"page":"157-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Family pedigrees of children with suspected childhood apraxia of speech"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Barbara A","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa A","family":"Freebairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Gerry Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Iyengar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence D","family":"Shriberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB1","unstructured":"Aram, D. M., & Glasson, C. (1979). Developmental apraxia of speech. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Meeting, Los Angeles, CA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB2","unstructured":"Aram, D. M., & Nation, J. E. (1982). Child language disorders (pp. 144\u2013249). St. Louis: C.V. Mosby."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1995.tb11932.x","article-title":"Genetic basis of specific language impairment: evidence from a twin study","volume":"37","author":"Bishop","year":"1995","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070671","article-title":"Genetics of common disorders","volume":"25","author":"Carter","year":"1969","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB5","unstructured":"Carter, C. O. (1973). Multifactorial genetic disease. In V. A. McKusick & R. Clairborne (Eds.), Medical genetics (pp. 199\u2013208). New York: HP Publishing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948601900813","article-title":"Speech production\/phonological deficits in reading disordered children","volume":"19","author":"Catts","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB7","unstructured":"Crary, M. A. (1982). Developmental verbal dyspraxia: A phonological perspective. Miniseminar presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech and Hearing Association, Toronto."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB8","unstructured":"Crary, M. A. (1993). Developmental motor speech disorders. San Diego, CA.: Singular Publishing Group."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200905","article-title":"Gender ratios in children with reading disability and their affected relatives: A commentary","volume":"22","author":"DeFries","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3805.1091","article-title":"Familial aggregation of phonological disorders: Results from a 28 year follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Felsenfeld","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4004.778","article-title":"Epidemiological and offspring analyses of developmental speech disorders using data from the Colorado Adoption Project","volume":"40","author":"Felsenfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1975.tb04699.x","article-title":"Dilapidated speech: Developmental verbal dyspraxia","volume":"17","author":"Ferry","year":"1975","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB13","first-page":"168","article-title":"Localisation of a gene implicated in a severe speech and language disorder","volume":"18","author":"Fisher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB14","unstructured":"Goldman, R., & Fristoe, M. (1986). The Goldman\u2013Fristoe Test of Articulation. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(91)90058-C","article-title":"Familial aggregation of a developmental language disorder","volume":"39","author":"Gopnik","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB16","unstructured":"Hall, P. K., Jordan, L. S., & Robin, D. A. (1993). Developmental dyspraxia of speech: Theory and clinical practice. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB17","unstructured":"Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four factor index of social class. Unpublished manuscript, available from A. B. Hollingshead, Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horwitz, S. J. (1984). Neurological findings in developmental verbal apraxia. In W. H. Perkins & J. L. Northern (Eds.), Seminars in speech and language (pp. 111\u2013118). New York: Thieme-Stratton.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1082517"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1990.tb16948.x","article-title":"An extended family with a dominantly inherited speech disorder","volume":"32","author":"Hurst","year":"1990","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB20","unstructured":"Khan, L., & Lewis, N. (1986). Khan\u2013Lewis Phonological Analysis. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3803.643","article-title":"Specific language impairment: Preliminary investigation of factors associated with family history and patterns of language performance","volume":"38","author":"Lahey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/35097076","article-title":"A forkhead-domain gene is mutated in a severe speech and language disorder","volume":"413","author":"Lai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5501.160","article-title":"Familial phonological disorders: Four pedigrees","volume":"55","author":"Lewis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202500908","article-title":"Pedigree analysis of children with phonology disorders","volume":"25","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3204.713","article-title":"A family study of severe phonological disorders","volume":"32","author":"Lewis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360.0202.38","article-title":"A clinical tool for evaluating the familial basis of speech and language disorders","volume":"2","author":"Lewis","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech and Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940003300504","article-title":"Follow-up of children with early expressive phonology disorders","volume":"33","author":"Lewis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3505.1086","article-title":"A study of developmental speech and language disorders in twins","volume":"35","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/026565908900500304","article-title":"Six years on- do claims still hold? Four children reassessed on a procedure to identify developmental articulatory dyspraxia","volume":"5","author":"Milloy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Child Language Teaching and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB30","unstructured":"Morley, M. E. (1965). The development and disorders of speech in childhood (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Company."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB31","unstructured":"Morley, M. E. (1957). The development and disorders of speech in childhood. London, England: Livingstone."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1986.63.2.655","article-title":"Family history of children with developmental language disorders","volume":"63","author":"Neils","year":"1986","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB33","unstructured":"Newcomer, P. L., & Hammill, D. D. (1988). Test of Language Development-Primary (2nd ed.) Austin, TX: Pro-Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB34","unstructured":"Ozanne, A. (1997). The search for developmental verbal dyspraxia. In B. Dodd (Ed.), The differential diagnosis and treatment of children with speech disorder (pp. 91\u2013109). London: Whurr Publishers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB35","unstructured":"Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., McClearn, G. E., & Rutter, M. (1997). Behavior Genetics (3rd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4102.419","article-title":"Family histories of children with SLI who show extended optional infinitives","volume":"41","author":"Rice","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3109\/asl2.1984.12.issue-2.07","article-title":"Developmental verbal dyspraxia: A clinical perspective","volume":"12","author":"Riley","year":"1984","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Human Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5203.271","article-title":"Clinical assessment of oropharyngeal motor development in young children","volume":"52","author":"Robbins","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB39","unstructured":"Saleeby, N. C., Hadjian, S., Martinkosky, S. J., & Swift, M. R. (1978). Familial verbal dyspraxia: A clinical study. Paper presented at the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Annual Convention, November, San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB40","unstructured":"Semel, E., Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. (1987). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals\u2014Revised. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4002.273","article-title":"Developmental apraxia of speech: I. Descriptive perspectives","volume":"40","author":"Shriberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing, Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4002.286","article-title":"Developmental apraxia of speech: II. Toward a diagnostic marker","volume":"40","author":"Shriberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing, Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4004.708","article-title":"The Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) metric: Extensions and reliability data","volume":"40","author":"Shriberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing, Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3705.1100","article-title":"Developmental phonological disorders I: A clinical profile","volume":"37","author":"Shriberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4206.1461","article-title":"Prevalence of speech delay in 6-year-old children and comorbidity with language impairment","volume":"42","author":"Shriberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4005.990","article-title":"Look who\u2019s talking: A prospective study of familial transmission of language impairments","volume":"40","author":"Spitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829209012027","article-title":"Developmental verbal dyspraxia I: A review and critique","volume":"27","author":"Stackhouse","year":"1992","journal-title":"European Journal of Disorders of Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5402.167","article-title":"Familial aggregation in specific language impairment","volume":"54","author":"Tallal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829709021455","article-title":"Towards a standardised assessment procedure for developmental apraxia of speech","volume":"32","author":"Thoonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Journal of Disorders of Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5402.287","article-title":"Familial concentration of developmental language impairment","volume":"54","author":"Tomblin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4101.188","article-title":"Heritability of poor language achievement among twins","volume":"41","author":"Tomblin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4006.1245","article-title":"Prevalence of specific language impairment in kindergarten children","volume":"40","author":"Tomblin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.3.930","article-title":"Praxic and nonverbal cognitive deficits in a large family with a genetically transmitted speech and language disorder","volume":"92","author":"Vargha-Khadem","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB54","unstructured":"Velleman, S. L., & Strand, K. (1994). Developmental verbal dyspraxia. In J. E. Bernthal & N. W. Bankson (Eds.), Child phonology: Characteristics, assessment, and intervention with special populations (pp. 110\u2013139). New York: Theime."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf058","article-title":"Behavioural analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: Comparison with acquired aphasia","volume":"125","author":"Watkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf057","article-title":"MRI analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: Structural brain abnormalities","volume":"125","author":"Watkins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB57","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. (1989). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence\u2014Revised. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003_BIB58","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2014Third edition. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation."}],"container-title":["Journal of Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021992403000765?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021992403000765?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,23]],"date-time":"2019-02-23T23:55:34Z","timestamp":1550966134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021992403000765"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021992403000765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2003.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9924","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}}}