{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:19:58Z","timestamp":1778127598789,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Communication Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,9]],"date-time":"2013-06-09T22:03:24Z","timestamp":1370815404000},"page":"388-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A comprehensive description of functioning and disability in children with velopharyngeal insufficiency"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dzioba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Skarakis-Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenonah","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allyson D.","family":"Dykstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1597\/06-012.1","article-title":"Factors affecting articulation skills in children with velocardiofacial syndrome and children with cleft palate or velopharyngeal dysfunction: A preliminary report","volume":"45","author":"Baylis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200101000-00019","article-title":"Fourteen-year follow-up of speech\/language-impaired and control children: Psychiatric outcome","volume":"40","author":"Beitchman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1597\/08-093.1","article-title":"Coping with a cleft: Psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with a cleft lip and palate and their parents","volume":"46","author":"Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1597\/08-094","article-title":"Coping with cleft II: Factors associated with psychosocial adjustment of adolescents with cleft lip and palate and their parents","volume":"48","author":"Berger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-730X(01)00097-3","article-title":"Communication apprehension and self-perceived communication competence in adolescents who stutter","volume":"26","author":"Blood","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4203.446","article-title":"Children's perception of nasal resonance","volume":"42","author":"Blood","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.04.009","article-title":"Social function in boys with cleft lip and palate: Relationship to ventral frontal cortex morphology","volume":"181","author":"Boes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavioral Brain Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1998)035<0127:LDSAAG>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Learning disability, school achievement, and grade retention among children with cleft: A two-center study","volume":"35","author":"Broder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5503.485","article-title":"Speech and language correlates of adults\u2019 judgments of children","volume":"55","author":"Burroughs","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2007.01.001","article-title":"School-aged children with SLI: The ICF as a framework for collaborative service delivery","volume":"40","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.9.4.252","article-title":"Pharyngeal flap and obstructive apnea: Maximizing speech outcome while limiting complications","volume":"9","author":"Chegar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350902720888","article-title":"Social life aspects of young adults with cleft lip and palate: Grounded theory approach","volume":"67","author":"Chetpakdeechit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Odontologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2002)039<0392:FCAPDA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Facial clefting and psychiatric diseases: A follow-up of the Danish 1936\u20131987 facial cleft cohort","volume":"39","author":"Christensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2007.00394.x","article-title":"A developmental approach to mental health for children and adolescents with orofacial clefts","volume":"10","author":"Collett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp047","article-title":"Reading in children with orofacial clefts versus controls","volume":"35","author":"Collett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(97)90047-8","article-title":"Identification and assessment of velopharyngeal inadequacy","volume":"18","author":"Conley","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.06.006","article-title":"Psychiatric assessment of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate","volume":"33","author":"Demir","year":"2011","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-986527","article-title":"Application of the ICF in reduced speech intelligibility in dysarthria","volume":"28","author":"Dykstra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Seminars in Speech and Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1597\/10-139","article-title":"An evaluation of communication apprehension in adolescents with velopharyngeal inadequacy","volume":"49","author":"Dzioba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1597\/08-204","article-title":"What difference can a minute make? Social skills and first impressions of youth with craniofacial differences","volume":"48","author":"Edwards","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200310000-00004","article-title":"Emotions self-regulation in preschool-aged children with and without orofacial clefts","volume":"24","author":"Endriga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2009.12.001","article-title":"Peer harassment and satisfaction with appearance in children with and without a facial difference","volume":"7","author":"Feragen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1597\/07-124.1","article-title":"Social experience in 10-year-old children born with a cleft: Exploring psychosocial resilience","volume":"46","author":"Feragen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2010.05.002","article-title":"Adolescents with and without a facial difference: The role of friendships and social acceptance in perceptions of appearance and emotional resilience","volume":"7","author":"Feragen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0125","series-title":"Language intervention with young children","author":"Fey","year":"1986"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1597\/04-086.1","article-title":"Conversational skills of children with cleft lip and palate: A replication and extension","volume":"43","author":"Frederickson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990716)85:2<127::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Cognitive and behavior profile of preschool children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion","volume":"85","author":"Gerdes","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461.2201.334","article-title":"Attitudes of fourth and sixth graders toward peers with mild articulation disorders","volume":"22","author":"Hall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(00)00350-5","article-title":"Velopharyngeal insufficiency and articulation impairment in velo-cardio-facial syndrome: The influence of adenoids on phonemic development","volume":"54","author":"Havkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3109\/17549507.2011.514946","article-title":"Communication attitude and speech in 10-year-old children with cleft (lip and) palate: An ICF perspective","volume":"13","author":"Havstam","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Speech Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03996.x","article-title":"Developing and validating the communication function classification system for individuals with cerebral palsy","volume":"53","author":"Hidecker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215106000454","article-title":"Ear, nose and voice problems in children with orofacial clefts","volume":"120","author":"Hocevar-Boltezar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Laryngology and Otology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1597\/05-035.1","article-title":"Preliminary results of an intelligibility measure for English-speaking children with cleft palate","volume":"44","author":"Hodge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cji004","article-title":"The psychosocial effects of cleft lip and palate: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Hunt","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1597\/05-080","article-title":"Self-reports of psychosocial functioning among children and young adults with cleft lip and palate","volume":"43","author":"Hunt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280601056186","article-title":"The utility of ICF for describing interaction in non-speaking children with disabilities \u2013 caregiver ratings and perceptions","volume":"29","author":"Ibragimova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2000)037<0065:MDIIWC>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Mental development in infants with cleft lip and\/or palate","volume":"37","author":"Kapp-Simon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1997)034<0380:OSIPIA>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Observed social interaction patterns in adolescents with and without craniofacial conditions","volume":"34","author":"Kapp-Simon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1992)029<0352:SPSSAA>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Self-perception, social skills, adjustment and inhibition in young adolescents with craniofacial anomalies","volume":"29","author":"Kapp-Simon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2000.0160","article-title":"Psychological study of cleft palate children with or without cleft lip by kinetic family drawing","volume":"28","author":"Kasuya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1360717","article-title":"The relationship between spectral characteristics and perceived hypernasality in children","volume":"109","author":"Kataoka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(1993)030<0475:SSOPWA>2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Social skills of preschoolers with and without craniofacial anomalies","volume":"30","author":"Krueckeberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0215","series-title":"Cleft palate & craniofacial anomalies","author":"Kummer","year":"2001"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840-200212000-00007","article-title":"Velopharyngeal dysfunction: Current thinking on the cause, effect, assessment and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Kummer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569(2003)040<0590:TRBTCO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The relationship between the characteristics of speech and velopharyngeal gap size","volume":"40","author":"Kummer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4303.782","article-title":"The effect of information on listeners\u2019 attitudes toward speakers with voice or resonance disorders","volume":"43","author":"Lallh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Speech-Language and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(93)90012-Y","article-title":"A comparative study of adolescents\u2019 perceptions of normal-speaking and dysarthric children","volume":"26","author":"Lass","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9924(99)00023-4","article-title":"Academic outcomes in children with histories of speech sound disorders","volume":"33","author":"Lewis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104503008001003","article-title":"The mental health needs of children and adolescents with cleft lip and\/or palate","volume":"8","author":"Lockhart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/10-0155)","article-title":"A nationally representative study of the association between communication impairment at 4\u20135 years and children's life activities at 7\u20139 years","volume":"54","author":"McCormack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1177\/0265659011417313","article-title":"Knowing, having, doing: The battles of childhood speech impairment","volume":"28","author":"McCormack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Language Teaching and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2010.04.009","article-title":"The impact of speech impairment in early childhood: Investigating parents\u2019 and speech-language pathologists\u2019 perspectives using the ICF-CY","volume":"43","author":"McCormack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00525.x","article-title":"Studies of the relationship between communication apprehension and self-esteem","volume":"3","author":"McCroskey","year":"1977","journal-title":"Human Communication Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(86)90005-5","article-title":"Reactions of college students to speech disorders","volume":"19","author":"McKinnon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040410001669516","article-title":"Speech pathologists\u2019 application of the ICF to children with speech impairment","volume":"6","author":"McLeod","year":"2004","journal-title":"Advances in Speech-Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040600824944","article-title":"An holistic view of a child with unintelligible speech: Insights from the ICF and ICF-CY","volume":"8","author":"McLeod","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advances in Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2012.08.006","article-title":"When he's around his brothers\u2026he's not so quiet: The private and public worlds of school-aged children with speech sound disorder","volume":"46","author":"McLeod","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2011\/10-0130)","article-title":"The intelligibility in context scale: Validity and reliability of a subjective rating measure","volume":"55","author":"McLeod","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-986522","article-title":"Application of the ICF and ICF-children and youth in children with speech impairment","volume":"28","author":"McLeod","year":"2007","journal-title":"Seminars in Speech and Language"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/17549500701834690","article-title":"The ICF-CY and children with communication disabilities","volume":"10","author":"McLeod","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509359488","article-title":"Persons with cleft lip and palate are looked at differently","volume":"89","author":"Meyer-Marcotty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02186.x","article-title":"The effect of cleft lip on socio-emotional functioning in school-aged children","volume":"51","author":"Murray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3109\/13682820109177880","article-title":"An alternative management of older children with persisting communication problems","volume":"36","author":"Nash","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1191\/0265659002ct236oa","article-title":"Functional communication skills of children with speech difficulties: Performance on Bishop's children's communication checklist","volume":"18","author":"Nathan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Language Teaching and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1597\/10-145","article-title":"Application of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health children and youth version (ICF-CY) to cleft lip and palate","volume":"49","author":"Neumann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1597\/05-151","article-title":"Assessment of patients\u2019 level of satisfaction with cleft treatment using the cleft evaluation profile","volume":"44","author":"Noor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.8.753","article-title":"Abnormal brain structure in children with isolated clefts of the lip or palate","volume":"161","author":"Nopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(00)00332-3","article-title":"Linguistic development in cleft palate patients with and without compensatory articulation disorder","volume":"54","author":"Pamplona","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9924(02)00133-8","article-title":"A prospective cross-sectional study of speech in patients with the 22q11 deletion syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Persson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1597\/06-061.1","article-title":"Speech intelligibility of patients with cleft lip and palate after placement of speech prosthesis","volume":"44","author":"Pinto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000052659","article-title":"Velopharyngeal function from the age of three to eight years in cleft palate patients","volume":"53","author":"Pulkkinen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica: Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0360","first-page":"108","article-title":"Self-reported social, speech, and facial concerns and personality adjustment of adolescents with cleft lip and palate","volume":"20","author":"Richman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915777","article-title":"School adjustment of children with observable disabilities","volume":"6","author":"Richman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0370","first-page":"93","article-title":"Adolescents with cleft lip and palate: Self-perceptions of appearance and behavior related to personality adjustment","volume":"22","author":"Richman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1597\/10-237","article-title":"Neuropsychological, behavioral, and academic sequelae of cleft: Early developmental, school age, and adolescent\/young adult outcomes","volume":"49","author":"Richman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1597\/04-128R.1","article-title":"Spontaneous verbal labeling: Visual memory and reading ability in children with cleft","volume":"42","author":"Richman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328316bd68","article-title":"Velopharyngeal insufficiency: Current concepts in diagnosis and management","volume":"16","author":"Rudnick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.01.006","article-title":"Communicative abilities in toddlers and in early school age children with cleft palate","volume":"73","author":"Ruiter","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00243-8","article-title":"A retrospective study of hearing, speech and language function in children with clefts following palatoplasty and veloplasty procedures at 18\u201324 months of age","volume":"50","author":"Sch\u00f6nweiler","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1597\/03-085.1","article-title":"Middle ear disease in children with congenital velopharyngeal insufficiency","volume":"41","author":"Sheahan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0405","first-page":"595","article-title":"Predictors of social competence in young adolescents with craniofacial anomalies","volume":"7","author":"Shute","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1597\/05-018.1","article-title":"Social acceptance and facial behavior in children with oral clefts","volume":"43","author":"Silter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-1130.2009.00215.x","article-title":"ICF-CY: A universal tool for documentation of disability","volume":"6","author":"Simeonnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1597\/02-084","article-title":"Social interaction patterns in children and adolescents with and without oral clefts during a videotaped analogue encounter","volume":"41","author":"Slifer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(03)00057-X","article-title":"Assessment of facial emotion encoding and decoding skills in children with and without oral clefts","volume":"31","author":"Slifer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941212100405","article-title":"Language development, interpersonal communication, and academic achievement among Japanese children as assessed by the ALADJIN","volume":"121","author":"Sugishita","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280701795030","article-title":"Functional characteristics of children diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech","volume":"31","author":"Teverovsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03410.x","article-title":"Development of the FOCUS (focus on the outcome of communication under six), a communication outcome measure for preschool children","volume":"52","author":"Thomas-Stonell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00056-8","article-title":"Adjusting to disfigurement: Processes involved in dealing with being visibly different","volume":"21","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3109\/17549500903568476","article-title":"The ICF and speech-language pathology: Aspiring to a fuller realization of ethical and moral issues","volume":"12","author":"Threats","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0455","series-title":"Speech correction","author":"Van Riper","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1597\/11-126","article-title":"Relationship between the perception of hypernasality and social judgments in school-aged children","author":"Watterson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-986523","article-title":"Application of the ICF in children with language impairments","volume":"28","author":"Westby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Seminars in Speech and Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1597\/10-141","article-title":"A restricted test of single-word intelligibility in 3-year-old children with and without cleft palate","volume":"49","author":"Willadsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0475","series-title":"Practical pediatric otolaryngology","first-page":"825","article-title":"Assessment and management of velopharyngeal insufficiency","author":"Willging","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0480","series-title":"International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0485","series-title":"ICF-CY: International classification of functioning, disability, and health \u2013 children and youth version","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.01.014","article-title":"Expressive language skills in Chinese Singaporean preschoolers with nonsyndromic cleft lip and\/or palate","volume":"74","author":"Young","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.01.024","article-title":"Maxillary growth in patients with complete cleft lip and palate, operated on around 4\u20136 months of age","volume":"74","author":"Ysunza","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1597\/06-205.1","article-title":"Incidence of oronasal fistulae and velopharyngeal insufficiency after cleft palate repair: An audit of 211 children born between 1990 and 2004","volume":"45","author":"Yun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1597\/09-166","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a computer-mediated, single-word intelligibility test: Preliminary findings for children with repaired cleft lip and palate","volume":"48","author":"Zajac","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028961","article-title":"It's a privilege to smile: Impact of cleft lip palate on families","volume":"30","author":"Zeytinoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Families, Systems, and Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021992413000336?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021992413000336?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T07:55:15Z","timestamp":1539590115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021992413000336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021992413000336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9924","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A comprehensive description of functioning and disability in children with velopharyngeal insufficiency","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Communication Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.05.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}