{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:11:18Z","timestamp":1768889478145,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","award":["94-04-87-27001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["94-04-87-27001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Communication Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T14:37:01Z","timestamp":1535639821000},"page":"37-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Relationship between serum homovanillic acid, DRD2 C957T (rs6277), and hDAT A559V (rs28364997) polymorphisms and developmental stuttering"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Hiwa","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Joghataei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7589-3307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohreh","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faezeh","family":"Faghihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hashem","family":"Farhangdoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2004.03.001","article-title":"Stuttering and the basal ganglia circuits: A critical review of possible relations","volume":"37","author":"Alm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/18.1.123","article-title":"Homovanillic acid measurement in clinical research: A review of methodology","volume":"18","author":"Amin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/21.1.53","article-title":"Assessment of the central dopaminergic index of plasma HVA in schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Amin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.6.776","article-title":"Developmental stuttering and Parkinson\u2019s disease: The effects of levodopa treatment","volume":"66","author":"Anderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0025","series-title":"A handbook on stuttering","author":"Bloodstein","year":"2008"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5094-09.2010","article-title":"Dysregulation of dopamine transporters via dopamine D2 autoreceptors triggers anomalous dopamine efflux associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"30","author":"Bowton","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e464","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.90","article-title":"SLC6A3 coding variant Ala559Val found in two autism probands alters dopamine transporter function and trafficking","volume":"4","author":"Bowton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-133X(95)00077-Q","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid predicts behavioral response to stimulants in 45 boys with attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"14","author":"Castellanos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0193","article-title":"Anomalous white matter morphology in adults who stutter","volume":"58","author":"Cieslak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2013.05.016","article-title":"Computational modeling of stuttering caused by impairments in a basal ganglia thalamo-cortical circuit involved in syllable selection and initiation","volume":"126","author":"Civier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0055","series-title":"A dictionary of science","author":"Daintith","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-011-9090-7","article-title":"Genetic approaches to understanding the causes of stuttering","volume":"3","author":"Drayna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg055","article-title":"Synonymous mutations in the human dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) affect mRNA stability and synthesis of the receptor","volume":"12","author":"Duan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Humun Molecular Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2007\/021)","article-title":"Genetic etiology in cases of recovered and persistent stuttering in an unselected, longitudinal sample of young twins","volume":"16","author":"Dworzynski","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.56.3.1","article-title":"Catecholamine metabolism: A contemporary view with implications for physiology and medicine","volume":"56","author":"Eisenhofer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2012.07.003","article-title":"A case of bupropion-induced stuttering","volume":"35","author":"Fetterolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.276","article-title":"Genetic contributions to stuttering: The current evidence","volume":"5","author":"Frigerio-Domingues","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.04.005","article-title":"Severity of dysfluency correlates with basal ganglia activity in persistent developmental stuttering","volume":"104","author":"Giraud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000711","article-title":"Systematic screening for DNA sequence variation in the coding region of the human dopamine transporter gene (DAT1)","volume":"5","author":"Grunhage","year":"2000","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0100","series-title":"Stuttering: An integrated approach to its nature and treatment","author":"Guitar","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.04.019","article-title":"A study of the role of the FOXP2 and CNTNAP2 genes in persistent developmental stuttering","volume":"69","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0110","series-title":"Genetics of populations","author":"Hedrick","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0115","series-title":"A dictionary of biology: Oxford quick reference","author":"Hine","year":"2015"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001561","article-title":"C957T polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene affects striatal DRD2 availability in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Hirvonen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20672","article-title":"C957T polymorphism of dopamine D2 receptor gene affects striatal DRD2 in vivo availability by changing the receptor affinity","volume":"63","author":"Hirvonen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.02.021","article-title":"C957T polymorphism of the human dopamine D2 receptor gene predicts extrastriatal dopamine receptor availability in vivo","volume":"33","author":"Hirvonen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2008\/048)","article-title":"Late childhood stuttering","volume":"51","author":"Howell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"7518","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38520.451840.E0","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of the Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention","volume":"331","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0145","first-page":"Cr445","article-title":"Determination of homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid in urine of autistic children by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"16","author":"Kaluzna-Czaplinska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2011.29","article-title":"Evaluation of the association between polymorphisms at the DRD2 locus and stuttering","volume":"56","author":"Kang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902630","article-title":"Mutations in the lysosomal enzyme\u2013targeting pathway and persistent stuttering","volume":"362","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000331073","article-title":"Genetic bases of stuttering: The state of the art, 2011","volume":"64","author":"Kraft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopedica"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2009.60","article-title":"Association between dopaminergic genes (SLC6A3 and DRD2) and stuttering among Han Chinese","volume":"54","author":"Lan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.02.017","article-title":"Altered effective connectivity and anomalous anatomy in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit of stuttering speakers","volume":"46","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230490452834","article-title":"Olanzapine in the treatment of developmental stuttering: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Maguire","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.5.7.1565","article-title":"Alleviating stuttering with pharmacological interventions","volume":"5","author":"Maguire","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2017.09.004","article-title":"Sex steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globulin levels, CYP17 MSP AI (-34T:C) and CYP19 codon 39 (Trp:Arg) variants in children with developmental stuttering","volume":"175","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0190","first-page":"51","article-title":"Late recovery from stuttering: The role of hand dominancy, fine motor and inhibition control","volume":"11","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283505b8a","article-title":"The role of the DRD2 C957T polymorphism in neuroticism in persons who stutter and healthy controls","volume":"23","author":"Montag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.954784","article-title":"The urinary metabolomics profile of an Italian autistic children population and their unaffected siblings","volume":"27","author":"Noto","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Matern-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2012.05.004","article-title":"Theory and therapy in stuttering: A complex relationship","volume":"37","author":"Packman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.12.95","article-title":"MMP-9 (-1562 C:T) polymorphism as a biomarker of susceptibility to severe pre-eclampsia","volume":"7","author":"Rahimi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomarkers in Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2011.12.003","article-title":"Genetic and environmental effects on stuttering: A twin study from Finland","volume":"37","author":"Rautakoski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.10.007","article-title":"Association between rare variants in AP4E1, a component of intracellular trafficking, and persistent stuttering","volume":"97","author":"Raza","year":"2015","journal-title":"The American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0225","series-title":"Stuttering severity instrument for children and adults","author":"Riley","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0230","series-title":"Speech motor control in normal and disordered speech","first-page":"156","article-title":"Brain imaging to examine a dopamine hypothesis in stuttering","author":"Riley","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2006\/005)","article-title":"The effect of sample size on the assessment of stuttering severity","volume":"15","author":"Sawyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2005.09.004","article-title":"Treatment with medications affecting dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms: Effects on fluency and anxiety in persons who stutter","volume":"30","author":"Stager","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(83)90370-3","article-title":"Plasma homovanillic acid as an index of brain dopamine metabolism: Enhancement with debrisoquin","volume":"32","author":"Sternberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0250","first-page":"1","article-title":"A study of clinical pictures and monoamine metabolism of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Takano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0255","first-page":"50","article-title":"Structural and functional abnormalities of the motor system in developmental stuttering","volume":"131","author":"Watkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain : A Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199702100-00037","article-title":"Increased dopamine activity associated with stuttering","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2012.11.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of stuttering: 21st century advances","volume":"38","author":"Yairi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0270","series-title":"Early childhood stuttering for clinicians by clinicians","author":"Yairi","year":"2005"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.12.011","article-title":"Synthesis of genetic association studies for pertinent gene-disease associations requires appropriate methodological and statistical approaches","volume":"61","author":"Zintzaras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Communication Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021992417302265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021992417302265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]],"date-time":"2018-11-10T04:11:17Z","timestamp":1541823077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021992417302265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0021992417302265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9924","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship between serum homovanillic acid, DRD2 C957T (rs6277), and hDAT A559V (rs28364997) polymorphisms and developmental stuttering","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Communication Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2018.08.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}