{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:16:52Z","timestamp":1791231412558,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,18]],"date-time":"2005-10-18T11:21:02Z","timestamp":1129634462000},"page":"1-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Field demonstration of surfactant-enhanced solubilization of DNAPL at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Childs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Annable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl G.","family":"Enfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Harwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Suresh C.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Sabatini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Shiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Szekeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Lynn","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(86)90420-0","article-title":"Microemulsion formation with branched tail polyoxyethylene sulfonate surfactants","volume":"114","author":"Abe","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1021\/es00048a006","article-title":"Surfactant-enhanced solubilization of residual dodecane in soil columns: II. Mathematical modeling","volume":"27","author":"Abriola","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib3","series-title":"Innovative Subsurface Remediation: Field Testing of Physical, Chemical and Characterization Technologies","first-page":"86","article-title":"In-situ solubilization by cosolvent and surfactant-cosolvent mixtures","volume":"vol 725","author":"Annable","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib4","series-title":"Microemulsions and Related Systems","volume":"vol. 30","author":"Bourrel","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(02)00057-8","article-title":"Controlled release, blind tests of DNAPL characterization using partitioning tracers","volume":"59","author":"Brooks","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(03)00158-X","article-title":"Controlled release, blind test of DNAPL remediation by ethanol flushing","volume":"69","author":"Brooks","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib7","series-title":"In Innovative Subsurface Remediation: Field Testing of Physical, Chemical and Characterization Technologies","first-page":"64","article-title":"Demonstration of surfactant flooding of an alluvial aquifer contaminated with DNAPL","volume":"vol. 725","author":"Brown","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2003.08.011","article-title":"Improving the extraction of tetrachloroethylene from soil columns using surfactant gradient systems","volume":"71","author":"Childs","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1029\/1999WR900097","article-title":"Field test of high molecular weight alcohol flushing for subsurface nonaqueos phase liquid remediation","volume":"35","author":"Falta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02085.x","article-title":"Controlled field test of surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation","volume":"34","author":"Fountain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1029\/1998WR900064","article-title":"Dissolution and mass transfer of multiple organics under field conditions: the Borden emplaced source","volume":"35","author":"Frind","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib12","series-title":"Prague 2000, International Symposium and Exhibition on Environmental Contamination in Central and Eastern Europe, Proceedings, 5th, Prague, Czech Republic, Sept. 12\u201314","first-page":"1912","article-title":"Field-scale performance of air sparging for removing a dense nonaqueous phase liquid from an aquifer","author":"Gierke","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib13","first-page":"311","article-title":"Classification of surface-active agents by \u2018HLB\u2019","volume":"1","author":"Griffin","year":"1949","journal-title":"Soc. Cosm. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib14","series-title":"In Treating Dense Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids (DNAPLs): Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","first-page":"219","article-title":"Surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation of DNAPLs at the former naval air station Alameda, California","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib15","series-title":"Proceedings of Society of Petroleum Engineers 72nd Annual Technical Conference, SPE 39292, Richardson, TX","article-title":"Field demonstration of the surfactant foam process for aquifer remediation","author":"Hirasaki","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib16","series-title":"In Treating Dense Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids (DNAPLs): Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","first-page":"187","article-title":"Surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation of PCE-DNAPL in low permeability sands","author":"Holzmer","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(79)90249-2","article-title":"Interfacial tensions and solubilizing ability of a microemulsion phase that coexists with oil and brine","volume":"71","author":"Huh","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1021\/es970507i","article-title":"Field implementation of a Winsor Type I surfactant\/alcohol mixture for in situ solubilization of LNAPL as a single phase microemulsion","volume":"32","author":"Jawitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3722","DOI":"10.1021\/es9913737","article-title":"In-situ alcohol flushing of a DNAPL source zone at a dry cleaner site","volume":"34","author":"Jawitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00166.x","article-title":"Surfactant remediation field demonstration using a vertical circulation well","volume":"35","author":"Knox","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib21","series-title":"Innovative Subsurface Remediation: Field Testing of Physical, Chemical and Characterization Technologies","first-page":"49","article-title":"Field demonstration of surfactant enhanced solubilization and mobilization at Hill Air Force Base, UT","volume":"vol. 725","author":"Knox","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib22","series-title":"Surfactant Enhanced Subsurface Remediation: Emerging Technologies","first-page":"265","article-title":"Economic considerations in surfactant-enhanced pump-and-treat","author":"Krebbs-Yuill","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(80)90482-8","article-title":"Solution behavior and hydrophile\u2013lipophile balance temperature in the aerosol OT\u2013isooctane\u2013brine system: correlation between microemulsions and ultralow interfacial tensions","volume":"75","author":"Kunieda","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2001.tb00642.x","article-title":"DNAPL removal from a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer by surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation","volume":"21","author":"Londergan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ground Water Monit. Remediat."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1021\/es9813515","article-title":"Measurement of mass-transfer rates for surfactant-enhanced solubilization of nonaqueous phase liquids","volume":"33","author":"Mayer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib26","unstructured":"Noll, M.R., Farrington, S.P., McHale, T.J., 1998. Permit Application for United States Air Force Groundwater Remediation Field Laboratory, Cosolvent Solubilization Technology Demonstration, submitted to the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, May."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib27","unstructured":"Palmer, C.D., Fish, W., 1992. Chemical enhancements to pump-and-treat remediation, groundwater issue. USEPA report (EPA\/540\/S-92\/001; Order No. PB92-180074), 22 pp."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1021\/es00048a005","article-title":"Surfactant-enhanced solubilization of residual dodecane in soil columns: I. Experimental investigation","volume":"27","author":"Pennell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7722(94)90071-X","article-title":"Surfactant enhanced remediation of soil columns contaminated by residual tetrachloroethylene","volume":"16","author":"Pennell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1021\/es9505311","article-title":"Influence of viscous and buoyancy forces on the mobilization of residual tetrachloroethylene during surfactant flushing","volume":"30","author":"Pennell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib31","series-title":"In Society of Petroleum Engineers International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, SPE 25153, Richardson, TX","first-page":"33","article-title":"Utilization of chemically-enhanced oil recovery technology to remove hazardous oily waste from alluvium","author":"Pitts","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib32","series-title":"Surfactant-Enhanced Subsurface Remediation: Emerging Technologies","first-page":"142","article-title":"Lessons from enhanced oil recovery research for surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation","volume":"vol. 594","author":"Pope","year":"1995"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1029\/97WR02145","article-title":"Field-scale evaluation of in situ cosolvent flushing for enhanced aquifer remediation","volume":"33","author":"Rao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1985.00472425001400030014x","article-title":"Sorption and transport of hydrophobic organic chemicals in aqueous and mixed solvent systems: model development and preliminary evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Rao","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib35","series-title":"Surfactant-Enhanced Subsurface Remediation","first-page":"300","volume":"vol. 594","year":"1995"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00167.x","article-title":"Design of a surfactant remediation field demonstration based on laboratory and modeling studies","volume":"35","author":"Sabatini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-7388(98)00170-7","article-title":"Membrane processes and surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation: results of a field demonstration","volume":"151","author":"Sabatini","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(00)00121-2","article-title":"Integrated design of surfactant enhanced DNAPL remediation: efficient supersolubilization and gradient systems","volume":"45","author":"Sabatini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib39","first-page":"185","article-title":"Large scale experiments for in situ flushing using groundwater circulation wells: identification of processes and limiting parameters","volume":"vol. 250","author":"Scholz","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00891.x","article-title":"Solubilization and mobilization of DNAPLs using direct food additive (edible) surfactants","volume":"32","author":"Shiau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1029\/98WR00938","article-title":"Evaluation of in situ cosolvent flushing dynamics using a network of spatially distributed multilevel samplers","volume":"34","author":"Sillan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1029\/98WR00554","article-title":"Effects of flow bypassing and nonuniform NAPL distribution on the mass transfer characteristics of NAPL dissolution","volume":"34","author":"Soerens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib43","series-title":"Solvent Properties of Amphiphilic Compounds","author":"Winsor","year":"1954"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11743-000-0145-9","article-title":"Alcohol-free diphenyl oxide disulfonate middle-phase microemulsion systems","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Surfactants Deterg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(02)00063-3","article-title":"The effects of surfactant formulation on nonequilibrium NAPL solubilization","volume":"60","author":"Zhong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772205001464?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772205001464?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T20:23:39Z","timestamp":1548102219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169772205001464"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0169772205001464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2005.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-7722","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}}}