{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:03:40Z","timestamp":1777633420782,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,28]],"date-time":"2018-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532736000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":361,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ER-201118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER-201118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T09:30:20Z","timestamp":1498642220000},"page":"70-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Porosity and pore size distribution in a sedimentary rock: Implications for the distribution of chlorinated solvents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Allen M.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin C.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0005","series-title":"Dense Chlorinated Solvents and Other DNAPLs in Groundwater","first-page":"233","article-title":"Sorption of dissolved chlorinated solvents to aquifer materials","author":"Allen-King","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s100400100135","article-title":"Pore-throat size distributions in Permo-Triassic sandstones form the United Kingdom and some implications for contaminant hydrogeology","volume":"9","author":"Bloomfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/rem.21308","article-title":"Enhanced dichloroethene biodegradation in fractured rock under biostimulated and bioaugmented conditions","volume":"22","author":"Bradley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remediation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2009.01255.x","article-title":"Flowpath independent monitoring of reductive dechlorination potential in a fractured rock aquifer","volume":"29","author":"Bradley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ground Water Monit. Remediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in Groundwater","first-page":"17","article-title":"Identifying redox conditions that favor the natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes in contaminated ground-water systems","author":"Chapelle","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2007.00284.x","article-title":"Hydrologic significance of carbon monoxide concentrations in ground water","volume":"45","author":"Chapelle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/rem.21307","article-title":"Estimated trichloroethene transformation rates due to naturally occurring biodegradation in a fractured rock aquifer","volume":"22","author":"Chapelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remediation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2005WR004224","article-title":"Plume persistence due to aquitard back diffusion following dense nonaqueous phase liquid source removal or isolation","volume":"41","author":"Chapman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2007.00137.x","article-title":"A new depth-discrete multilevel monitoring approach for fractured rock","volume":"27","author":"Cherry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ground Water Monit. Remediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0050","series-title":"Design guidelines for Conventional Pump-and-treat Systems","author":"Cohen","year":"1997"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0055","first-page":"665","article-title":"Microstructural investigation of gas shales in two and three dimensions using nanometer-scale resolution imaging","volume":"96","author":"Curtis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0060","series-title":"Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology","author":"Domenico","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0065","series-title":"Muds and Mudstones: Physical and Fluid Flow Properties. Special Publications","first-page":"157","article-title":"Porosity characteristics of Cambiran mudrocks (Oak Ridge, East Tennessee, USA) and their implications for contaminant transport","volume":"158","author":"Dorsch","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0070","series-title":"Lacustrine Reservoir and Depositional Systems: SEPM Core Workshop","first-page":"239","article-title":"Lithologies and diagenesis of the lacustrine sediments of the Lockatong Formation (Upper Triassic) in the Newark rift basin","volume":"19","author":"El Tabakh","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/ppsc.200601009","article-title":"Mercury porosimetry: A general (practical) overview","volume":"23","author":"Giesche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Part. Part. Syst. Charact."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0080","first-page":"475","article-title":"The lithobiontic ecological niche, with special reference to microorganisms","volume":"51","author":"Golubic","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Sediment. Petrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2014.10.005","article-title":"High -resolution delineation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a dipping, fractured mudstone: Depth- and strata-dependent spatial variability from rock-core sampling","volume":"171","author":"Goode","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01717","article-title":"Detoxification of vinyl chloride to ethene couple to growth of an anaerobic bacterium","volume":"424","author":"He","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5877","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00516-06","article-title":"Discrimination of multiple Dehalococcoides strains in a trichloroethene enrichment by quantification of their reductive dehalogenase genes","volume":"72","author":"Holmes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0100","series-title":"Integrated DNAPL Site Characterization and tools Selection","author":"Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC)","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0105","series-title":"Dictionary of Scientific Units Including Dimensionless Numbers and Scales","author":"Jerrard","year":"1992"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00563.x","article-title":"The behavior of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids in fractured clay and rock","volume":"29","author":"Kueper","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0115","series-title":"An Illustrated Handbook of DNAPL Transport and Fate in the Subsurface","author":"Kueper","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0120","series-title":"Application of Microwave-Assisted Technologies for the Analysis of Chlorinated Solvents in Rock Samples","author":"Kusinski","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0125","series-title":"U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4167","article-title":"Hydrogeologic framework, water levels, and trichloroethylene contamination, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1993\u201397","author":"Lacombe","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0130","series-title":"U.S. Geological SurveyScientific Investigations Report 2011\u20135003","article-title":"Mass of chlorinated volatile organic compounds removed by Pump-and-Treat, Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1996\u20132010","author":"Lacombe","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2010.01275.x","article-title":"Hydrogeologic framework of fractured sedimentary rock, Newark Basin, New Jersey","volume":"30","author":"Lacombe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ground Water Monit. Remediat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5756","DOI":"10.1021\/es300214f","article-title":"Dechlorinating microorganisms in a sedimentary rock matrix contaminated with a mixture of VOCs","volume":"46","author":"Lima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.034926-0","volume":"63","author":"L\u00f6ffler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7722(90)90043-G","article-title":"A review of immiscible fluids in the subsurface: Properties, models, characterization and remediation","volume":"6","author":"Mercer","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0155","series-title":"Micromeritics AutoPore IV 9500 Series","author":"Micromeritics","year":"2015"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1029\/95WR01275","article-title":"Convergent radial dispersion in a double-porosity aquifer with fracture skin: Analytical solution and application to a field experiment in fractured chalk","volume":"31","author":"Moench","year":"1995","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1080\/01490450802403057","article-title":"Endolithic microbial communities in polar desert habitats","volume":"25","author":"Omelon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geomicrobiol J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-9851(93)90036-X","article-title":"Using borehole geophysics and cross-borehole flow testing to define hydraulic connections between fracture zones in bedrock aquifers","volume":"30","author":"Paillet","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Geophys."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1029\/98WR00268","article-title":"Flow modeling and permeability estimation using borehole flow logs in heterogeneous fractured formations","volume":"34","author":"Paillet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00922.x","article-title":"Diffusive disappearance of immiscible-phase organic liquids in fractured geologic media","volume":"32","author":"Parker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00180.x","article-title":"Diffusive loss of non-aqueous phase organic solvents from idealized fracture networks in geologic media","volume":"35","author":"Parker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0190","series-title":"Muds and Mudstones: Physical and Fluid Flow Properties. Special Publications","first-page":"9","article-title":"What is porosity of a mudrock?","volume":"158","author":"Pearson","year":"1999"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1111\/maps.12004","article-title":"The effects of meteorite impacts on the availability of bioessential elements for endolithic organisms","volume":"47","author":"Pontefract","year":"2012","journal-title":"Meteorit. Planet. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016756800028041","article-title":"Rapid estimation of porosity and mineral abundance in backscattered electron images using a simple SEM image analyser","volume":"121","author":"Pye","year":"1984","journal-title":"Geol. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2013.10.004","article-title":"Integration of stable carbon isotope, microbial community, dissolved hydrogen gas, and 2HH2O tracer data to assess bioagumentation for chlorinated ethene degradation in fractured rocks","volume":"156","author":"R\u00e9v\u00e9sz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/gwat.12356","article-title":"Imaging pathways in fractured rock using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography","volume":"54","author":"Robinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0215","series-title":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, USA","first-page":"2433","article-title":"A comparative study of porosity measurements in Mudrocks","author":"Saidian","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0220","series-title":"Unconventional Resources Technolgoy Conference (URTeC), Denver, Colorado, USA","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Porosity and pore size distribution in mudrocks: a comparative study for Haynesville, Niorbrara, Monterey and Eastern European Silurian formations","author":"Saidian","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0225","series-title":"Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Management of Chlorinated Solvents in Soils and Groundwater","author":"Sale","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.08.005","article-title":"Abiotic dechlorination in rock matrices impacted by long-term exposure to TCE","volume":"119","author":"Schaefer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.1021\/es400457s","article-title":"Coupled diffusion and abiotic reaction of trichloroehtene in minimally disturbed rock matrices","volume":"47","author":"Schaefer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0240","series-title":"Data From Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Conducted on Samples of a Mudstone Underlying the Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey","author":"Shapiro","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0245","series-title":"Lithologic Characterization of Cores from Boreholes 83BR-89BR Collected from the Mudstone Aquifer Underlying the Naval air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey","author":"Shapiro","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0250","series-title":"Subsuface Hydrology: Data Integration for Properties and Processes","first-page":"201","article-title":"Integrated multi-scale characterization of ground-water flow and chemical transport in fractured crystalline rock a the mirror Lake site, New Hampshire","author":"Shapiro","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00979.x","article-title":"Importance of rock matrix entry pressure on DNAPL migration in fractured geologic materials","volume":"37","author":"Slough","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2005.0087.x","article-title":"Vertical cross contamination of trichloroethylene in a borehole in fractured sandstone","volume":"43","author":"Sterling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0265","series-title":"In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes","first-page":"425","article-title":"Bioaugmentation for anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated solvents","author":"Stroo","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.2775-2782.2006","article-title":"Geobacter lovleyi sp. nov. Strain SZ, a novel metal-reducing and tetrachloroethene-dechlorinating bacterium","volume":"72","author":"Sung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2009.00651.x","article-title":"Multiple well-shutdown tests and site-scale flow simulation in fractured rocks","volume":"48","author":"Tiedeman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0280","first-page":"639","article-title":"Sulphate-reducing bacteria, their properties and methods of elimination from groundwater","volume":"16","author":"Wargin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pol. J. Environ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0285","series-title":"proceedings of the National Academy of Science","first-page":"115","article-title":"Note on a method of determining the distribution of pore sizes in a porous material","volume":"vol. 7","author":"Washburn","year":"1921"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(94)90044-2","article-title":"Matrix porosity as the most important parameter of fissured rocks for solute transport at large scales","volume":"158","author":"Zuber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772217300918?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772217300918?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T15:16:13Z","timestamp":1759245373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169772217300918"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0169772217300918"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-7722","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Porosity and pore size distribution in a sedimentary rock: Implications for the distribution of chlorinated solvents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.06.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}