{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:56:40Z","timestamp":1787162200928,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31R112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31R112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016R1D1A1B01014415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016R1D1A1B01014415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T19:54:12Z","timestamp":1572897252000},"page":"103563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Remediation of NAPL-contaminated porous media using micro-nano ozone bubbles: Bench-scale experiments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Hobin","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Annable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heonki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23876","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7601-5","article-title":"Remediation of oil-contaminated sand with self-collapsing air microbubbles","volume":"23","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2007.09.001","article-title":"Experimental and mathematical evaluation of trichloroethylene removal from saturated soil using acetic acid with saturated ozone","volume":"60","author":"Alcantara-Garduno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11086","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b02489","article-title":"A history of nanobubbles","volume":"32","author":"Alheshibri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0020","first-page":"59","article-title":"Standard electrode potentials involving radicals in aqueous solution: inorganic radicals","volume":"9","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinorg. React. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/01919510600558635","article-title":"Ozone solubility in liquids","volume":"28","author":"Bin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ozone-Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1021\/es015857q","article-title":"Residual alcohol influence on NAPL saturation estimates based on partitioning tracers","volume":"37","author":"Cho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.200700146","article-title":"Flow characteristics of microbubbles suspensions in porous media as an oxygen carrier","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clean-Soil Air Water"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04017023-1","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001216","article-title":"Effects of flow rate and gas species on microbubble and nanobubble transport in porous media","volume":"143","author":"Hamamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.12.001","article-title":"Effects of pH on nano-bubble stability and transport in saturated porous media","volume":"208","author":"Hamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.11.094","article-title":"Removal of residual pesticides in vegetables using ozone microbubbles","volume":"186","author":"Ikeura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1029\/95WR00174","article-title":"Partitioning tracer test for detection, estimation, and remediation performance assessment of subsurface nonaqueous phase liquids","volume":"31","author":"Jin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2007.09.116","article-title":"Application of potassium permanganate as an oxidant for in situ oxidation of trichloroethylene-contaminated groundwater: a laboratory and kinetic study","volume":"153","author":"Kao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1515\/revce-2012-0007","article-title":"Microbubbles-aided water and wastewater purification: a review","volume":"28","author":"Khuntia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1021\/es030547o","article-title":"Surfactant-enhanced air sparging in saturated sand","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2013.730438","article-title":"Surfactant-enhanced ozone sparging for removal of organic compounds from sand","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Heal. Part A."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2010.01312.x","article-title":"ISCO for groundwater remediation: analysis of field applications and performance","volume":"30","author":"Krembs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ground Water Monit. Remediat."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6542","DOI":"10.1021\/la904088p","article-title":"Microbubbles dissolution in a multigas environment","volume":"26","author":"Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.08.030","article-title":"Application of ozone micro-nano-bubbles to groundwater remediation","volume":"342","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110100473","article-title":"Subsurface transport behavior of micro-nano bubbles and potential applications for groundwater remediation","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8048","DOI":"10.1021\/ie801565v","article-title":"Oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide in aqueous solutioin using microbubbles","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2013.02.004","article-title":"Effects of nanobubbles on the physicaochemical properties of water: the basis for peculiar properties of water containing nanobubbles","volume":"93","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7722(96)00005-8","article-title":"Defining the air sparging radius of influence for groundwater remediation","volume":"24","author":"McCray","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(01)00309-0","article-title":"Kinetics and products of reactions of MTBE with ozone and ozone\/hydrogen peroxide in water","volume":"B89","author":"Mitani","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.670190311","article-title":"In-situ ozonation of contaminated groundwater","volume":"19","author":"Nimmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Prog."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/01919510903523385","article-title":"Experiences of perozone and c-sparge at two former dry cleaner sites in the Netherlands","volume":"32","author":"Scheffer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ozone-Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.03.008","article-title":"Dissolution enhancement and mathematical modeling of removal of residual trichloroethene in sands by ozonation during flushing with micro-nano-bubble solution","volume":"202","author":"Sung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0669254","article-title":"Free-radical generation from collapsing microbubbles in the absence of a dynamic stimulus","volume":"111","author":"Takahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12578","DOI":"10.1021\/jp301746g","article-title":"Effects of microbubbles on ozonized water for photoresist removal","volume":"116","author":"Takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/452356","article-title":"Simultaneous removal of MTBE and benzene from contaminated groundwater using ultraviolet-based ozone and hydrogen peroxide","volume":"2014","author":"Tawabini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Photoenergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.2007.00165.x","article-title":"Estimating partitioning coefficients of tracers","volume":"27","author":"Thal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ground Water Monit. Remediat."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(03)00070-6","article-title":"Air distribution in the Borden sand aquifer during in situ air sparging","volume":"67","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.08.014","article-title":"Air flow paths and the porosity\/permeability change in a saturated zone during in situ air sparging","volume":"142","author":"Tsai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2010.03.005","article-title":"Evidence of the existence and the stability of nano-bubbles in water","volume":"361","author":"Ushikubo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Coll. Surf. A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1029\/2000WR900331","article-title":"Generation of stable microbubbles and their transport through porous media","volume":"37","author":"Wan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:4(612)","article-title":"Chemistry of modified Fenton's reagent (catalyzed H2O2 propagation-CHP) for in situ soil and groundwater remediation","volume":"131","author":"Watts","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1039\/tf9353100668","article-title":"Investigation on the radical HO2 in solution","volume":"31","author":"Weiss","year":"1935","journal-title":"Trans. Faraday Soc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1252\/jcej.12we056","article-title":"Wastewater treatment for bioethanol production system using ozone microbubbles","volume":"45","author":"Yasuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Jpn"}],"container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772219301998?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772219301998?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T15:17:35Z","timestamp":1759245455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169772219301998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0169772219301998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-7722","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Remediation of NAPL-contaminated porous media using micro-nano ozone bubbles: Bench-scale experiments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103563","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103563"}}