{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T17:44:29Z","timestamp":1788716669709,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":359,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013316","name":"Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T19:03:56Z","timestamp":1573499036000},"page":"103579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Accumulation of DNAPL waste in subsurface clayey lenses and layers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"229","author":[{"given":"Derya","family":"Ayral-\u00c7\u0131nar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery H.","family":"Demond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1990.tb01708.x","article-title":"Laboratory studies of the flow of some organic solvents and their aqueous solutions through bentonite and kaolin clays","volume":"28","author":"Abdul","year":"1990","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X8500300142","article-title":"Conductivity of compacted clay soils to water and organic liquids","volume":"3","author":"Anderson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Waste Manag. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0015","series-title":"Estimation of Diffusion Coefficients for Organic Solutes of Environmental Concern in Saturated Clay-Silt Mixtures in. Clay and Clay Minerals: Geological Origin, Mechanical Properties and Industrial Applications","first-page":"45","author":"Ayral","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.08.062","article-title":"Impact of DNAPL contact on the structure of smectitic clay materials","volume":"95","author":"Ayral","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2017.09.008","article-title":"Effective diffusion coefficients of DNAPL waste components in saturated low permeability soil materials","volume":"207","author":"Ayral-Cinar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.05.079","article-title":"A mechanism of basal spacing reduction in sodium smectitic clay materials in contact with DNAPL wastes","volume":"159","author":"Ayral-Cinar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1029\/97WR02135","article-title":"A diffusion-based interpretation of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene concentration profiles in a groundwater aquitard","volume":"33","author":"Ball","year":"1997","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0040","series-title":"Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media","author":"Bear","year":"1972"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1089\/hzw.1984.1.545","article-title":"Conductivity of three commercially available clays to petroleum products and organic solvents","volume":"1","author":"Brown","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hazard. Waste"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1987.03615995005100060010x","article-title":"A mechanism by which organic liquids increase the hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay materials","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"1987","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2005WR004224","article-title":"Plume persistence due to aquitard back diffusion following dense nonaqueous phase liquid source removal or isolation","volume":"41","author":"Chapman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0060","series-title":"The Mathematics of Diffusion","author":"Crank","year":"1975"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1139\/t89-005","article-title":"Fracture effects in the shallow groundwater zone in weathered Sarnia-area clay","volume":"26","author":"D'Astous","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. Geotech. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1021\/es00048a004","article-title":"Estimation of interfacial tension between organic liquids and water","volume":"27","author":"Demond","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2008.01.002","article-title":"Characterization of DNAPL from the U.S. DOE Savannah River Site","volume":"97","author":"Dou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1021\/es011023w","article-title":"Influence of wettability on the recovery of NAPLs from alluvium","volume":"36","author":"Dwarakanath","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1139\/t77-023","article-title":"Pollutant migration from two sanitary landfill sites near Sarnia, Ontario","volume":"14","author":"Goodall","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can. Geotech. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0090","series-title":"Diffusion in Natural Porous Media: Contaminant Transport, Sorption\/Desorption and Dissolution Kinetics","author":"Grathwohl","year":"1998"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02172.x","article-title":"Fracture aperture measurements and migration of solutes, viruses, and immiscible creosote in a column of clay-rich till","volume":"34","author":"Hinsby","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0100","series-title":"Determination of Interfacial Tension and Contact Angle of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid Waste Mixtures","author":"Hsu","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(03)00002-0","article-title":"The diffusion and sorption of volatile organic compounds through kaolinitic clayey soils","volume":"65","author":"Itakura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1021\/es00180a012","article-title":"Diffusive contaminant transport in natural clay: A field example and implications for clay-lined waste disposal sites","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1021\/es9702024","article-title":"Analysis of diffusion and sorption of organic solutes in soil-bentonite barrier materials","volume":"32","author":"Khandelwal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1991","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1991.tb00563.x","article-title":"The behavior of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids in fractured clay and rock","volume":"29","author":"Kueper","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2010.01.006","article-title":"Geometric parameters and REV of a crack network in soil","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Geotech."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1021\/es960172p","article-title":"Permeability of earthen liners containing organobentonite to water and two organic liquids","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02502.x","article-title":"Back diffusion of chlorinated solvent contaminants from a natural aquitard to a remediated aquitard under well-controlled field conditions: Predictions and measurements","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1021\/es00064a001","article-title":"Groundwater contamination: Pump-and-treat remediation","volume":"23","author":"Mackay","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00208.x","article-title":"Compatibility of bentonite and DNAPLs","volume":"19","author":"McCaulou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Groundw. Monit. Remediat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1021\/es061553y","article-title":"Chlorinated solvents in groundwater of the United States","volume":"41","author":"Moran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1021\/es00022a005","article-title":"Factors influencing organic contaminant diffusivities in soil-bentonite cutoff barriers","volume":"25","author":"Mott","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6592.1995.tb00560.x","article-title":"DNAPL flow behavior in a contaminated aquifer: Evaluation of field data","volume":"15","author":"Oolman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Groundw. Monit. Remediat."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00180.x","article-title":"Diffusive loss of non-aqueous phase organic solvents from idealized fracture networks in geologic media","volume":"35","author":"Parker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2003.1160","article-title":"Review and analysis of chlorinated solvent dense nonaqueous phase liquid distributions in five sandy aquifers","volume":"2","author":"Parker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vadose Zone J."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2004.02.011","article-title":"Field study of TCE diffusion profiles below DNAPL to assess aquitard integrity","volume":"74","author":"Parker","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2008.07.003","article-title":"Plume persistence caused by back diffusion from thin clay layers in a sand aquifer following TCE source-zone hydraulic isolation","volume":"102","author":"Parker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1139\/t06-125","article-title":"Desiccation-induced cracking and its effect on the hydraulic conductivity of clayey soils from Iran","volume":"44","author":"Rayhani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. Geotech. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02515.x","article-title":"Numerical examination of the factors controlling DNAPL migration through a single fracture","volume":"40","author":"Reynolds","year":"2002","journal-title":"Groundwater"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00395120","article-title":"Sorption of carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dibromide, and trichloroethylene on soil and clay","volume":"1","author":"Rogers","year":"1981","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0200","series-title":"AFCEE Source Zone Initiative. Final Report. Submitted to Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment","author":"Sale","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2008.08.002","article-title":"Effects of reduced contaminant loading on downgradient water quality in an idealized two-layer granular porous media","volume":"102","author":"Sale","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1988.tb01217.x","article-title":"The topology of pore structure in cracking clay soil I. The estimation of numerical density","volume":"39","author":"Scott","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0215","author":"SERDP and ESTCP"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6348","DOI":"10.1021\/es204714w","article-title":"Chlorinated ethene source remediation: Lessons learned","volume":"46","author":"Stroo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2008.05.005","article-title":"Influencing factors of geometrical structure of surface shrinkage cracks in clayey soils","volume":"101","author":"Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eng. Geol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2011.01.032","article-title":"Experimental characterization of shrinkage and desiccation cracking in thin clay layer","volume":"52","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Clay Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1139\/t2012-067","article-title":"Desiccation cracking behavior of polypropylene fiber\u2013reinforced clayey soil","volume":"49","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. Geotech. J."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7061(99)00047-6","article-title":"Structure of surface cracks in soil and muds","volume":"93","author":"Velde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579_bb0245","series-title":"Subsurface Restoration","first-page":"271","article-title":"Removal of aqueous phase dissolved contamination: non-chemically enhanced pump-and-treat","author":"Wilson","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772219301883?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772219301883?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T15:18:09Z","timestamp":1759245489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169772219301883"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0169772219301883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-7722","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Accumulation of DNAPL waste in subsurface clayey lenses and layers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2019.103579","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103579"}}