{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:54:36Z","timestamp":1792158876969,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:43:22Z","timestamp":1791848602000},"page":"105136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hidden contaminants in a coral paradise: fate, transport, source apportionment, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coral reef ecosystems of the Lakshadweep archipelago"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"284","author":[{"given":"E.R.","family":"Vignesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.R.","family":"Gireeshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ramzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.R.","family":"Jithu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Midhun M.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.S.","family":"Rakesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.S.","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Jayaprakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sudheesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.R.","family":"Muraleedharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayan","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.U.","family":"Abdul Jaleel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121067","article-title":"Large-scale spatiotemporal variations, sources, and risk assessment of banned OCPs and PAHs in suspended particulate matter from the Negro River, Argentina","volume":"320","author":"Arias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2025.105181","article-title":"From oceanic reorganization to orographic extremes: the role of Arabian Sea dynamics in reshaping Indian monsoon variability since 1990","volume":"256","author":"Arora","year":"2026","journal-title":"Glob. Planet. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2023.12.008","article-title":"Organic and inorganic carbon storage in riparian zones of central European rivers \u2013 a comparison of methods for their determination","volume":"681","author":"Babej","year":"2024","journal-title":"Quat. Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(98)00014-9","article-title":"PAHs in Arcachon Bay, France: origin and biomonitoring with caged organisms","volume":"38","author":"Baumard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.03.057","article-title":"Spatial distribution, emission source and health risk of parent PAHs and derivatives in surface soils from the Yangtze River Delta, eastern China","volume":"178","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120873","article-title":"Spatial distribution and partition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water and sediment of the southern Bohai Sea: Yellow River and PAH property influences","volume":"248","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137224","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distribution, source, and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urbanized semi-enclosed Jiaozhou Bay, China","volume":"717","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.04.040","article-title":"1H NMR-based metabolomics investigation on the effects of petrochemical contamination in posterior adductor muscles of caged mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis","volume":"142","author":"Cappello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140781","article-title":"Accumulation of PAHs in the tissues and algal symbionts of a common Mediterranean coral: skeletal storage relates to population age structure","volume":"743","author":"Caroselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2020.111029","article-title":"Distribution, sources, and behavior of PAHs in estuarine water systems exemplified by Salt River, Taiwan","volume":"154","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-009-9411-y","article-title":"A preliminary assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distribution in the Kenting coral reef waters of southern Taiwan","volume":"58","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2025.118235","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon level, origin and ecological risk assessment in sediments with different grain size properties in Peter the Great Bay (the Sea of Japan)","volume":"219","author":"Chizhova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.11.016","article-title":"PAHs in sediments of the Black River and the Ashtabula River, Ohio: source apportionment by factor analysis","volume":"39","author":"Christensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/w8080334","article-title":"Sediment-water exchange, spatial variations, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Songhua River. China","volume":"8","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1306\/74D729D2-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D","article-title":"Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods","volume":"44","author":"Dean","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Sediment. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.133576","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal rivers in Jiangsu Province, China: spatial distribution, source apportionment and human impacts","volume":"466","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0100","author":"DHI"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1306\/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D","article-title":"Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size parameters","volume":"27","author":"Folk","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Sediment. Petrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0110","first-page":"20190116","article-title":"Climatic and local stressor interactions threaten tropical forests and coral reefs","volume":"375","author":"Fran\u00e7a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2025.118870","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of a highly dynamic estuarine-coastal ocean continuum on the southwest coast of India: seasonal distribution, source apportionment, and toxicological implications","volume":"222","author":"Furtado","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.117387","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the western Bay of Bengal: distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment","volume":"211","author":"Furtado","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162957","article-title":"Occurrence, source estimation, and risk assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in coastal seawaters from the Quintero Industrial Complex (Valpara\u00edso, Chile)","volume":"878","author":"Galb\u00e1n-Malag\u00f3n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0501","article-title":"Montmorillonite and phosphorus enrichment in sediments as the causative factor for mud bank formation along the southwest coast of India","volume":"40","author":"Gireeshkumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.114568","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface water and sediment along Euphrates River system: occurrence, sources, ecological and health risk assessment","volume":"187","author":"Grmasha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1071\/EN14194","article-title":"Hydrocarbons in a coral reef ecosystem subjected to anthropogenic pressures (La R'eunion Island, Indian Ocean)","volume":"12","author":"Guigue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121299","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in corals of the South China Sea: occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation, and considerable role of coral mucus","volume":"384","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2017.01.007","article-title":"Exposure to crude oil micro-droplets causes reduced food uptake in copepods associated with alteration in their metabolic profiles","volume":"184","author":"Hansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1021\/es950252d","article-title":"Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK","volume":"30","author":"Harrison","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0155","first-page":"24","article-title":"Hydrography of the Laccadives offshore waters","volume":"2","author":"Jayaraman","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. India"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0165","first-page":"845","article-title":"Nearshore sediment dynamics of Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep archipelago using integrated modelling system","volume":"49","author":"Jinoj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Geo-Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1996.1495","article-title":"Environmental quality objectives for 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","volume":"36","author":"Kalf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-017-0019-2","article-title":"Distribution, source apportionment, and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in intertidal sediment of Asaluyeh, Persian Gulf","volume":"40","author":"Keshavarzifard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.10.025","article-title":"Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coral tissues and the ambient sediments from Kenting National Park, Taiwan","volume":"185","author":"Ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0185","first-page":"39","article-title":"Fishery, biology and stock structure of skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) exploited from Indian waters","volume":"59","author":"Koya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Fish."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0190","first-page":"38","article-title":"Environmental variables and nutrients in selected islands of Lakshadweep Sea; addressing coral bleaching","volume":"22","author":"Kumaresan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1021\/es0206184","article-title":"Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: a comparison of three methods","volume":"37","author":"Larsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0200","series-title":"Draft Lakshadweep Development Authority Regulation 2021","author":"LDAR","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.02.015","article-title":"Spatial distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface seawater from Yangpu Bay, China","volume":"93","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2014.10.048","article-title":"Influence of anthropogenic activities on PAHs in sediments in a significant gulf of low-latitude developing regions, the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea: distribution, sources, inventory and probability risk","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127065","article-title":"Characterizing the long-term occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their driving forces in surface waters","volume":"423","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0220","article-title":"Spatial distribution, source identification and flux estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in basins of the Eastern Indian Ocean","volume":"905","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00118995","article-title":"Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters","volume":"5","author":"Macdonald","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2016.03.008","article-title":"Effects of petrochemical contamination on caged marine mussels using a multi-biomarker approach: histological changes, neurotoxicity and hypoxic stress","volume":"128","author":"Maisano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-3227(76)90075-X","article-title":"Grain-size variation in the Kavaratti lagoon sediments, Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea","volume":"20","author":"Mallik","year":"1976","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0245","first-page":"68","article-title":"Coral atolls of Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean","volume":"2","author":"Mallik","year":"2017","journal-title":"MOJ Eco Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1080\/10934520701480946","article-title":"Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata","volume":"42","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Health A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2025.107498","article-title":"Carbonate sediment dynamics in oceanic atoll lagoons of Lakshadweep Archipelago","volume":"481","author":"Menon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2025.107554","article-title":"Reef geomorphology, hydrodynamic energy and coral morphology influence recovery after bleaching","volume":"212","author":"Meoded-Stern","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0265","series-title":"Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2","first-page":"961","article-title":"Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter","volume":"9","author":"Nelson","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-07689-5","article-title":"Field analysis of PAHs in surface sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and their environmental impacts","volume":"27","author":"Niu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0275","author":"NOAA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26972-7","article-title":"Phototoxic effects of two common marine fuels on the settlement success of the coral Acropora tenuis","volume":"8","author":"Nordborg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0285","first-page":"1","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rivers and health risk consequences of human exposure: a Nigerian case study","author":"Ololade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Water Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2021.100615","article-title":"Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in borehole waters around automobile workshops in Southeastern Nigeria","volume":"14","author":"Onydinma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Groundw. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2010.06.023","article-title":"Circulation and suspended sediment transport in a coral reef lagoon: the south-west lagoon of New Caledonia","volume":"61","author":"Ouillon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2018.03.008","article-title":"Phototoxic effects of PAH and UVA exposure on molecular responses and developmental success in coral larvae","volume":"198","author":"Overmans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0305","series-title":"Springer Briefs in Earth Sciences","article-title":"Geomorphology and physical oceanography of the Lakshadweep coral islands in the Indian Ocean","author":"Prakash","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139866","article-title":"Unraveling the invisible threat of microplastics to Lakshadweep Coral Atolls, Indian Ocean: multifaceted ecological risk and pollution profiling","volume":"498","author":"Praved","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2024.142324","article-title":"The emerging and legacy persistent organic contaminants in corals of the South China Sea","volume":"359","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.10.015","article-title":"Dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of Cochin estuary, India","volume":"114","author":"Ramzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147688","volume":"787","author":"Ranjbar Jafarabadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.08.016","article-title":"Comprehensive and comparative ecotoxicological and human risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in reef surface sediments and coastal seawaters of Iranian Coral Islands, Persian Gulf","volume":"145","author":"Ranjbar Jafarabadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.10.092","article-title":"Distributions and compositional patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in three edible fishes from Kharg coral island, Persian Gulf, Iran","volume":"215","author":"Ranjbar Jafarabadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.07.020","article-title":"Presence of PAHs in water and sediments of the Colombian Cauca River during heavy rain episodes, and implications for risk assessment","volume":"540","author":"Sarria-Villa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0350","series-title":"Methods for the Determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in Soils and Sediments","author":"Schumacher","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.133413","article-title":"Concentration, source apportionment and potential carcinogenic risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in roadside soils","volume":"292","author":"Shukla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0360","series-title":"Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources","first-page":"171","article-title":"Coral reef: a hot spot of marine biodiversity","author":"Sobha","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-025-08553-3","article-title":"An account on microplastics ingestion by zooplankton community of coral reef lagoons and open waters of Lakshadweep archipelago: assessment of potential risks","volume":"236","author":"Sudheesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133994","article-title":"Pollution history, source and transport path for PAHs in dated sediment cores from four lakes in Northern China","volume":"374","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2025.118369","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surficial sediments of Vembanad wetland ecosystem, southwest coast of India: an integrated assessment of dissemination, source apportionment, ecological and public health implication","volume":"220","author":"Suresh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25112470","article-title":"The impact of organic matter on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) availability and persistence in soils","volume":"25","author":"Ukalska-Jaruga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0385","series-title":"Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition (Final Report)","author":"US EPA","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0390","series-title":"Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume 3- Part A, Process for Conducting Probabilistic Risk Assessment","author":"USEPA","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2025.109554","article-title":"Coral reefs in Vietnam: current state of research and future perspectives","volume":"326","author":"Veettil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.116123","article-title":"Occurrence, sources and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coral reef waters of the Lakshadweep Archipelago, Arabian Sea","volume":"200","author":"Vignesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2025.117866","article-title":"Phthalic acid esters as an ecological hazard to the coral reef ecosystems: a case study from the coral reef waters of the Lakshadweep Archipelago, Arabian Sea","volume":"215","author":"Vignesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0405","article-title":"Assessment of heavy metal contamination and trophic status of coral reef sediments of the Lakshadweep Archipelago, Arabian Sea","volume":"79","author":"Vignesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115716","article-title":"Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water environment: a review on toxicity, microbial biodegradation, systematic biological advancements, and environmental fate","volume":"227","author":"Vijayanand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4990","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JC012890","article-title":"Distribution pattern and mass budget of sedimentary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in shelf areas of the Eastern China Marginal Seas","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1086\/622910","article-title":"A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments","volume":"30","author":"Wentworth","year":"1922","journal-title":"J. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1958-5","article-title":"Transcript response of soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) on exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","volume":"21","author":"Woo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.01.006","article-title":"Occurrence and distribution of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater, sediments and corals from Hainan Island, China","volume":"152","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.11.063","article-title":"Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) in corals, surrounding sediments and surface water at the Dazhou Island, China","volume":"218","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114719","article-title":"Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) in corals, sediments and seawater from coral reefs of Hainan, China","volume":"264","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.117289","article-title":"Vertical distribution and influencing factors of soil PAHs under different ecosystem habitats in the Liaohe River Estuary Wetlands, Northeastern China","volume":"210","author":"Ying","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.175237","article-title":"Exploring coral reef benefits: a systematic SEEA-driven review","volume":"950","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(02)00002-5","article-title":"PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition","volume":"33","author":"Yunker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Org. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125214","article-title":"Distribution, fate and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmosphere and surface water of multiple coral reef regions from the South China Sea: a case study in spring-summer","volume":"412","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112697","article-title":"Exploration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distribution in the sediments of marine environment by hydrodynamic simulation model","volume":"171","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.116072","article-title":"Distribution, sources, partition behavior and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the waters and sediments of Lake Ulansuhai, China","volume":"200","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.113110","article-title":"Distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the tidal creek water of coastal tidal flats in the Yellow River Delta, China","volume":"173","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123973","article-title":"Riverine transport and water-sediment exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) along the middle-lower Yangtze River, China","volume":"403","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171261","article-title":"Association between exposure to water sources contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cancer risk: a systematic review","volume":"924","author":"Ziyaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."}],"container-title":["Journal of Contaminant Hydrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772226002974?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0169772226002974?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:23:06Z","timestamp":1792156986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0169772226002974"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["S0169772226002974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136","relation":{},"ISSN":["0169-7722"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0169-7722","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hidden contaminants in a coral paradise: fate, transport, source apportionment, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coral reef ecosystems of the Lakshadweep archipelago","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2026.105136","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105136"}}