{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:39:33Z","timestamp":1787931573538,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]],"date-time":"2014-04-02T04:45:12Z","timestamp":1396413912000},"page":"154-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Naltrexone: A review of existing sustained drug delivery systems and emerging nano-based systems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Nowsheen","family":"Goonoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Bhaw-Luximon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reetesh","family":"Ujoodha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Jhugroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary K.","family":"Hulse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanjay","family":"Jhurry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00227.x","article-title":"Factors associated with abstinence, lapse or relapse to heroin use after residential treatment: protective effect of coping responses","volume":"97","author":"Gossop","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02185.x","article-title":"Long-term effects of heroin-assisted treatment in Germany","volume":"103","author":"Verthein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905133401907","article-title":"Drug therapy for alcohol dependence","volume":"340","author":"Swift","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0020","first-page":"239","volume":"30","author":"Paille","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.1.92","article-title":"Comparing and combining naltrexone and acamprosate in relapse prevention of alcoholism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"60","author":"Kiefer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00194.x","article-title":"Naltrexone depot formulations for opioid and alcohol dependence: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Lobmaier","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283386578","article-title":"Long-acting depot formulations of naltrexone for heroin dependence: a review","volume":"23","author":"Krupitsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0040","unstructured":"\u201cOpiate \u2014 Definitions from Dictionary.com\u201d. dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2008\u201307\u201304."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00097-X","article-title":"Profiles of cognitive dysfunction in chronic amphetamine and heroin abusers","volume":"23","author":"Ornstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300889","article-title":"Profile of executive and memory function associated with amphetamine and opiate dependence","volume":"31","author":"Ersche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03090080008002","article-title":"A medical treatment for diacetylmorphine (heroin) addiction. a clinical trial with methadone hydrochloride","volume":"193","author":"Dole","year":"1965","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0060","first-page":"CD002207","article-title":"Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence","volume":"2","author":"Mattick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1999.tb127675.x","article-title":"Mortality associated with New South Wales methadone programs in 1994: lives lost and saved","volume":"170","author":"Caplehorn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.52964\/AMJA.0285","article-title":"Problem based review: the patient taking methadone","volume":"12","author":"Arora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acute Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31823a8b1e","article-title":"Bilateral acute necrosis of the globi pallidi and rhabdomyolysis due to combined methadone and benzodiazepine toxicity","volume":"34","author":"Corliss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12123","article-title":"Opioid addiction agonist therapy and the QT prolongation phenomenon: state of the science and evolving research questions","volume":"108","author":"Wedam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00237.x","article-title":"Methadone maintenance, QTc and torsade de pointes: who needs an electrocardiogram and what is the prevalence of QTc prolongation?","volume":"30","author":"Mayet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246290","volume":"119","author":"Walsch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0095","series-title":"Subutex and Suboxone","article-title":"(2002, 8 October 2002)","author":"Federal Drug Authority Center for Drug Evaluation and Research","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0100","series-title":"Treating opioid dependence","author":"Benckiser","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2013.09.037","article-title":"Medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction: methadone and buprenorphine","volume":"21","author":"Saxon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0110","first-page":"115","article-title":"Transdermal buprenorphine in the management of persistent pain \u2014 safety aspects","volume":"2","author":"Likar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.2165\/11208250-000000000-00000","article-title":"Buprenorphine 5, 10 and 20\u03bcg\/h transdermal patch: a review of its use in the management of chronic non-malignant pain","volume":"71","author":"Plosker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0120","author":"Bio Delivery Sciences International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(99)80114-3","article-title":"First randomized controlled trial (RCT) of methadone (M), levomethadylacetate (LAAM) and buprenorphine (BUP) in opioid dependence treatment","volume":"65","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.03.007","article-title":"Multimodal drug addiction treatment: a field comparison of methadone and buprenorphine among heroin- and cocaine-dependent patients","volume":"31","author":"Vigezzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199306000-00004","article-title":"Buprenorphine versus methadone maintenance for opioid dependence","volume":"181","author":"Kosten","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11090","article-title":"Methadone and buprenorphine for the management of opioid dependence: a systematic review and economic evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Connock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.164.5.797","article-title":"A stepped care strategy using buprenorphine and methadone versus conventional methadone maintenance in heroin dependence: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"164","author":"Kakko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770280111012","article-title":"Human pharmacology and abuse potential of the analgesic buprenorphine: a potential agent for treating narcotic addiction","volume":"35","author":"Jasinski","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0155","volume":"vol. 11","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1978.tb16779.x","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of narcotic antagonists","volume":"311","author":"O'Brien","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0165","first-page":"42","article-title":"Clinical experience with naltrexone in suburban opioid addicts","volume":"45","author":"Tennant","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0170","first-page":"536","article-title":"Death as a complication of ultrarapid opioid detoxification (UROD)","volume":"38","author":"Olmedo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210220139541","article-title":"Serum naltrexone and 6-beta-naltrexol levels from naltrexone implants can block very large amounts of heroin: a report of two cases","volume":"7","author":"Brewer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2002.tb01169.x","article-title":"Complications of ultrarapid opioid detoxification with subcutaneous naltrexone pellets","volume":"9","author":"Hamilton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1976203315","article-title":"Naltrexone: disposition, metabolism, and effects after acute and chronic dosing","volume":"20","author":"Verebey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90161-9","article-title":"Determination of naltrexone dosage for narcotic agonist blockade in detoxified Asian addicts","volume":"34","author":"Navaratnam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(85)90076-6","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a naltrexone sustained-release preparation","volume":"16","author":"Chiang","year":"1985","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2011.03.038","article-title":"Investigation of structure, vibrational and NMR spectra of oxycodone and naltrexone: a combined experimental and theoretical study","volume":"79","author":"Tavakol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0205","article-title":"Monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia Edition 7.0","year":"2012","journal-title":"Naltrexone Hydrochloride"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0210","first-page":"273","article-title":"Review of naltrexone, a long-acting antagonist","volume":"3","author":"Crabtree","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90154-4","article-title":"Opioid receptor-coupled second messenger systems","volume":"48","author":"Childers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00140-5","article-title":"Naltrexone potentiates anti-HIV-1 activity of antiretroviral drugs in CD4+ lymphocyte cultures","volume":"64","author":"Gekker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197905033001817","article-title":"Naloxone increases ACTH and cortisol levels in man","volume":"300","author":"Volavka","year":"1979","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2000.00281.x","article-title":"Kinetics and inhibition of the formation of 6\u03b2-naltrexol from naltrexone in human liver cytosol","volume":"50","author":"Porter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357045020","article-title":"Carbonyl reduction of naltrexone and dolasetron by oxidoreductases isolated from human liver cytosol","volume":"56","author":"Breyer-Pfaff","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(90)90057-Z","article-title":"Controlled release of naltrexone pamoate from linear poly(ortho esters)","volume":"14","author":"Maa","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0245","first-page":"106","article-title":"Long-acting parenteral drug formulations","volume":"35","author":"Chien","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Parenter. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0250","article-title":"Injectable and implantable sustained release naltrexone in the treatment of opioid addiction","author":"Kunoe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/10550880902772456","article-title":"The cost effectiveness of naltrexone added to cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"28","author":"Walters","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Addict. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0260","first-page":"CD001867","article-title":"Opioid antagonists for alcohol dependence","volume":"1","author":"Srisurapanont","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.2.317","article-title":"Targeted naltrexone treatment moderates the relations between mood and drinking behavior among problem drinkers","volume":"72","author":"Kranzler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830200071010","article-title":"Naltrexone in alcohol dependence","volume":"54","author":"Volpicelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0275","first-page":"147","article-title":"The clinical pharmacology of naltrexone: pharmacology and pharmacodynamics","volume":"28","author":"Verebey","year":"1981","journal-title":"NIDA Res. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00217.x","article-title":"A systematic review on the efficacy of naltrexone maintenance treatment in opioid dependence","volume":"97","author":"Kirchmayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270005280199","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of long-acting naltrexone in subjects with mild to moderate hepatic impairment","volume":"45","author":"Turncliff","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(89)90039-1","article-title":"Naltrexone treatment \u2014 the problem of patient acceptance","volume":"6","author":"Fram","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3109\/00952998109009554","article-title":"Naltrexone: a short-term treatment for opiate dependence","volume":"8","author":"Greenstein","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.013","article-title":"Management of relapse in naltrexone maintenance for heroin dependence","volume":"91","author":"Sullivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0305","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chapter One, Pharmaceutics: Drug Delivery and Targeting","author":"Perrie","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.12.020","article-title":"Solvent induced phase inversion-based in situ forming controlled release drug delivery implants","volume":"176","author":"Thakur","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2741\/1559","article-title":"The preclinical development of Medisorb\u00ae naltrexone, a once a month long-acting injection for the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"10","author":"Dean","year":"2005","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0320","first-page":"217","article-title":"kinetic modeling on drug release from controlled drug delivery systems","volume":"67","author":"Dash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Pol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-073009-100847","article-title":"Polymers for drug delivery","volume":"1","author":"Liechty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.18433\/J3D59T","article-title":"Kinetic analysis of drug release from nanoparticles","volume":"11","author":"Barzegar-Jalali","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1984.243","article-title":"Kinetics of a naltrexone sustained-release preparation","volume":"36","author":"Chiang","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100909","article-title":"Depot naltrexone: long-lasting antagonism of the effects of heroin in humans","volume":"159","author":"Comer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0345","first-page":"S52","article-title":"Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release formulation of naltrexone in alcoholics","volume":"63","author":"Galloway","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300274","article-title":"Vivitrex, an injectable, extended-release formulation of naltrexone, provides pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evidence of efficacy for 1month in rats","volume":"28","author":"Bartus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.210","article-title":"Injectable, sustained-release naltrexone for the treatment of opioid dependence: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Comer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04452.x","article-title":"Improving clinical outcomes for naltrexone as a management of problem alcohol use","volume":"76","author":"Hulse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000139823.30096.52","article-title":"A pilot evaluation of the safety and tolerability of repeat dose administration of long-acting injectable naltrexone (Vivitrex \u00ae) in patients with alcohol dependence","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.13.1617","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of long-acting injectable naltrexone for alcohol dependence: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"293","author":"Garbutt","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0204","article-title":"Early treatment response in alcohol dependence with extended-release naltrexone","volume":"69","author":"Ciraulo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/jcp.0b013e31814ce50d","article-title":"Efficacy of extended-release naltrexone in alcohol-dependent patients who are abstinent before treatment","volume":"27","author":"O'Malley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2011","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60358-9","article-title":"Injectable extended-release naltrexone for opioid dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre randomised trial","volume":"377","author":"Krupitsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.130","article-title":"Improving clinical outcomes in treating heroin dependence: randomized, controlled trial of oral or implant naltrexone","volume":"66","author":"Hulse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.055319","article-title":"Naltrexone implants after in-patient treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial","volume":"194","author":"Kunoe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283386578","article-title":"Long-acting depot formulations of naltrexone for heroin dependence: a review","volume":"23","author":"Kriputzky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0405","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Sustained-release naltrexone for alcoholism treatment: a preliminary study","volume":"22","author":"Kranzler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-5-18","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a depot formulation of naltrexone in alcoholics: an open-label trial","volume":"5","author":"Galloway","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000130804.08397.29","article-title":"Naltrexone depot for treatment of alcohol dependence: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Kranzler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.06.007","article-title":"Blood naltrexone levels over time following naltrexone implant","volume":"32","author":"Ngo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.16.8.1285","article-title":"Sustained-release naltrexone: novel treatment for opioid dependence","volume":"16","author":"Comer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0435","first-page":"252","article-title":"Drug delivery to the central nervous system: a review","volume":"6","author":"Misra","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0053-z","article-title":"Nanocarriers' entry into the cell: relevance to drug delivery","volume":"66","author":"Hillaireau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2010.12.005","article-title":"Fate of polymeric nanocarriers for oral drug delivery","volume":"16","author":"Plapied","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0450","first-page":"225","article-title":"Mechanisms of cellular uptake of nanoparticles and their effect on drug delivery","volume":"81","author":"Plajn\u0161ek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zdravni\u0161ki Vestn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0455","first-page":"CD006140","article-title":"Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence","volume":"16","author":"Lobmaier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01817.x","article-title":"Overcoming opioid blockade from depot naltrexone (Prodetoxon)","volume":"102","author":"Kruptisky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2217\/14796708.1.4.389","article-title":"Sustained-release naltrexone formulations for the treatment of alcohol and opioid dependence","volume":"1","author":"Volpicelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Future Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11094-005-0066-3","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic study of the new domestic hypodermic form of naltrexone: prodetoxon depot tablets","volume":"39","author":"Ramenskaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharm. Chem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02122.x","article-title":"Plasma concentrations during naltrexone implant treatment of opiate-dependent patients","volume":"58","author":"Olsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0480","series-title":"Trends in Substance Abuse Research","isbn-type":"print","first-page":"71","article-title":"Naltroxene implants in the treatment of heroin addiction","author":"Hulse","year":"2007","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/1600213685"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000313336","article-title":"Naltrexone implants compared to methadone: outcomes six months after prison release","volume":"16","author":"Lobmaier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Addict. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11071121","article-title":"Naltrexone implant for the treatment of polydrug dependence: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"169","author":"Tiihonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.1a","article-title":"Randomized trial of long-acting sustained-release naltrexone implant vs oral naltrexone or placebo for preventing relapse to opioid dependence","volume":"69","author":"Kriputzky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(85)90036-4","article-title":"Naltrexone","volume":"2","author":"Kleber","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abuse Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2007.00081.x","article-title":"Biodegradability of naltrexone-poly(DL) lactide implants in vivo assessed under ultrasound in humans","volume":"13","author":"Hulse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2005.08.001","article-title":"Histological changes over time around the site of sustained release naltrexone-poly(DL-Lactide) implants in humans","volume":"108","author":"Hulse","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00052.x","article-title":"Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable naltrexone","volume":"30","author":"Dunbar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.862","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX) in patients with alcohol dependence","volume":"68","author":"Dunbar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0509-x","article-title":"Depot naltrexone: antagonism of the reinforcing, subjective, and physiological effects of heroin","volume":"189","author":"Sullivan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03910.x","article-title":"Examination of mortality rates in a retrospective cohort of patients treated with oral or implant naltrexone for problematic opiate use","volume":"107","author":"Kelty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.01750360022003","article-title":"Naltrexone, an antagonist for the treatment of heroin dependence. Effects in man","volume":"28","author":"Martin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000666","article-title":"Adverse effects of oral naltrexone: analysis of data from two clinical trials","volume":"154","author":"Oncken","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(89)90539-6","article-title":"Chronic opioid antagonist treatment: assessment of receptor up regulation","volume":"170","author":"Yoburn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210310001602266","article-title":"Blood morphine levels in naltrexone-exposed compared to non-naltrexone-exposed fatal heroin overdoses","volume":"8","author":"Arnold-Reed","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00593.x","article-title":"Hepatic safety of once-monthly injectable extended-release naltrexone administered to actively drinking alcoholics","volume":"32","author":"Lucey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-010-0135-5","article-title":"Use of naltrexone to treat opioid addiction in a country in which methadone and buprenorphine are not available","volume":"12","author":"Krupitzky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-2-35","article-title":"Psychosocial and treatment correlates of opiate free success in a clinical review of a naltrexone implant program","volume":"2","author":"Reece","year":"2007","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Treat. Prev. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60358-9","article-title":"Injectable extended-release naltrexone for opioid dependence: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre randomised trial","volume":"377","author":"Kriputzky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1002\/apmc.1984.051230121","article-title":"Watersoluble polymers in medicine","volume":"123","author":"Bader","year":"1984","journal-title":"Angew. Makromol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.12.012","article-title":"Polymeric micelles drug delivery system in oncology","volume":"159","author":"Gong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1517\/17425240903380446","article-title":"Overcoming the barriers in micellar drug delivery: loading efficiency, in vivo stability, and micelle\u2013cell interaction","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2005.09.034","article-title":"Block copolymer micelles: preparation, characterization and application in drug delivery","volume":"109","author":"Gaucher","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.3.1.139","article-title":"Polymeric micelles for drug delivery","volume":"3","author":"Aliabadi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2010.535540","article-title":"Studies on in vitro availability, degradation, and thermal properties of naltrexone-loaded biodegradable microspheres","volume":"37","author":"Akala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0610","article-title":"Smart poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly (l-lactide) nanoparticles for prolonged release of naltrexone","volume":"62","author":"Salehi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polymer. Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450.2013.784334","article-title":"Naltrexone-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] polymeric microspheres for the treatment of alcohol dependence: in vitro characterization and in vivo biocompatibility assessment","volume":"19","author":"Pagar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5418","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200900441","article-title":"Nanogels as pharmaceutical carriers: finite networks of infinite capabilities","volume":"48","author":"Kabanov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00245-9","article-title":"Nanosized cationic hydrogels for drug delivery: preparation, properties and interactions with cells","volume":"54","author":"Vinogradov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00297-1","article-title":"Design of naltrexone-loaded hydrolyzable crosslinked nanoparticles","volume":"244","author":"Yin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.06.035","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of tri-block poly(lactide)\u2013poly(ethylene glycol)\u2013poly(lactide) nanogels for controlled release of naltrexone","volume":"416","author":"Asadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2013.01.004","article-title":"Preparation of injectable and thermoresponsive hydrogel based on penta-block copolymer with improved sol stability and mechanical properties","volume":"54","author":"Abandasari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2005.10.025","article-title":"Targeted drug delivery crossing cytoplasmic membranes of intended cells via ligand-grafted sterically stabilized liposomes","volume":"110","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026043451618","article-title":"Opioid receptors and their ligands","volume":"4","author":"Janecka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2014.1885","article-title":"Drug loading and release from electrospun biodegradable nanofibers","volume":"10","author":"Goonoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365914002016?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365914002016?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T15:51:58Z","timestamp":1648741918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168365914002016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":129,"alternative-id":["S0168365914002016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-3659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-3659","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Naltrexone: A review of existing sustained drug delivery systems and emerging nano-based systems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Controlled Release","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}