{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:17:02Z","timestamp":1787987822565,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Convoy Therapeutics Inc.","award":["SB120129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SB120129"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004190","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR 1121053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR 1121053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T19:43:54Z","timestamp":1418154234000},"page":"168-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Peptides as skin penetration enhancers: Mechanisms of action"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"Sunny","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zakrewsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Menegatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Muraski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Mitragotri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0204-165","article-title":"Breaching the skin's barrier to drugs","volume":"22","author":"Barry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501176102","article-title":"Design principles of chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"102","author":"Karande","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1304","article-title":"Current status and future potential of transdermal drug delivery","volume":"3","author":"Prausnitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2009.08.015","article-title":"Enhancement of transdermal drug delivery via synergistic action of chemicals","volume":"1788","author":"Karande","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2008.05.002","article-title":"Liposomes and skin: from drug delivery to model membranes","volume":"34","author":"El Maghraby","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-010-9449-1","article-title":"In vitro enhancement of lactate esters on the percutaneous penetration of drugs with different lipophilicity","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1504","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery","volume":"26","author":"Prausnitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(87)90066-6","article-title":"Mode of action of penetration enhancers in human skin","volume":"6","author":"Barry","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.05.034","article-title":"Effect of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer on skin permeation of 5-fluorouracil","volume":"361","author":"Venuganti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1193","article-title":"Transdermal protein delivery by a coadministered peptide identified via phage display","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15816","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016152108","article-title":"Delivery of siRNA and other macromolecules into skin and cells using a peptide enhancer","volume":"108","author":"Hsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2007.05.031","article-title":"Transdermal delivery enhanced by magainin pore-forming peptide","volume":"122","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1021\/mp200594z","article-title":"Identification of a novel skin penetration enhancement peptide by phage display peptide library screening","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1038\/81359","article-title":"Conjugation of arginine oligomers to cyclosporin A facilitates topical delivery and inhibition of inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Rothbard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.024","article-title":"Peptide-mediated transdermal delivery of botulinum neurotoxin type A reduces neurogenic inflammation in the skin","volume":"149","author":"Carmichael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1021\/mp300667p","article-title":"Effect of cationic cyclopeptides on transdermal and transmembrane delivery of insulin","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.10.007","article-title":"Topical delivery of hyaluronic acid into skin using SPACE-peptide carriers","volume":"173","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.01.006","article-title":"Topical delivery of siRNA into skin using SPACE-peptide carriers","volume":"179","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-011-1181-5","article-title":"A simple, noninvasive and efficient method for transdermal delivery of siRNA","volume":"304","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.05.011","article-title":"Enhanced skin permeation using polyarginine modified nanostructured lipid carriers","volume":"161","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22203","article-title":"Transmembrane delivery and biological effect of human growth hormone via a phage displayed peptide in vivo and in vitro","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.04.056","article-title":"Combining poly-arginine with the hydrophobic counter-anion 4-(1-pyrenyl)-butyric acid for protein transduction in transdermal delivery","volume":"33","author":"Candan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.05.205","article-title":"Arginine-rich intracellular delivery peptides noncovalently transport protein into living cells","volume":"346","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2005.10.012","article-title":"Relationships between skin's electrical impedance and permeability in the presence of chemical enhancers","volume":"110","author":"Karande","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0125","article-title":"Topical delivery of Cyclosporine A into the skin using SPACE-peptide","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-011-0455-0","article-title":"Structure\u2013skin permeability relationship of dendrimers","volume":"28","author":"Venuganti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00766-9","article-title":"Lipid extraction and transport of hydrophilic solutes through porcine epidermis","volume":"225","author":"Rastogi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00232016","article-title":"Differential effects of trypsin on the epidermis of Rana catesbeiana","volume":"198","author":"Morejohn","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.01.007","article-title":"Infrared spectroscopic study of lipid interaction in stratum corneum treated with transdermal absorption enhancers","volume":"389","author":"Obata","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(96)01452-6","article-title":"Modifications induced on stratum corneum structure after in vitro iontophoresis: ATR-FTIR and X-ray scattering studies","volume":"42","author":"Jadoul","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2004.00169.x","article-title":"Near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic analysis of proteins, water and lipids in intact normal stratum corneum and psoriasis scales","volume":"13","author":"Osada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1021\/j100185a064","article-title":"Methylene wagging progressions as IR probes of slightly disordered phospholipid acyl chain states","volume":"96","author":"Senak","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/969217","article-title":"ATR-FTIR, FT-NIR and near-FT-Raman spectroscopic studies of molecular composition in human skin in vivo and pig ear skin in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Greve","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.1250231113","article-title":"Fourier transform Raman and infrared vibrational study of human skin: assignment of spectral bands","volume":"23","author":"Barry","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/05704920701829043","article-title":"Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues","volume":"43","author":"Movasaghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Spectrosc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt928","article-title":"Discovery of transdermal penetration enhancers by high-throughput screening","volume":"22","author":"Karande","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics4010071","article-title":"Structure enhancement relationship of chemical penetration enhancers in drug transport across the stratum corneum","volume":"4","author":"Chantasart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000131079","article-title":"Hair follicles\u2014an efficient storage and penetration pathway for topically applied substances. Summary of recent results obtained at the Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charite -Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany","volume":"21","author":"Lademann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015810312465","article-title":"Predicting skin permeability","volume":"9","author":"Potts","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.10.012","article-title":"Effect of bicellar systems on skin properties","volume":"352","author":"Barbosa-Barros","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.2478\/s11658-006-0018-2","article-title":"The breakdown of bilayer lipid membranes by dendrimers","volume":"11","author":"Shcharbin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2003.09.032","article-title":"Transdermal iontophoresis of insulin: IV. Influence of chemical enhancers","volume":"269","author":"Pillai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000211510","article-title":"Absorption of topical tacrolimus (FK506) in vitro through human skin: comparison with cyclosporin A","volume":"10","author":"Lauerma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2005.05.012","article-title":"Transfer of lipophilic drugs between liposomal membranes and biological interfaces: Consequences for drug delivery","volume":"26","author":"Fahr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.10.3871","article-title":"Lipid biophysics of water loss through the skin","volume":"87","author":"Potts","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04S1002.x","article-title":"Cleansing without compromise: the impact of cleansers on the skin barrier and the technology of mild cleansing","volume":"17","author":"Ananthapadmanabhan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03090100042010","article-title":"Topical pharmacology and toxicology of dimethyl sulfoxide\u2014part 1","volume":"193","author":"Kligman","year":"1965","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706279","article-title":"Characterisation of cell-penetrating peptide-mediated peptide delivery","volume":"145","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2010.03.005","article-title":"Secondary structure of cell-penetrating peptides controls membrane interaction and insertion","volume":"1798","author":"Eiriksdottir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2007.06.003","article-title":"Cell-permeable peptides induce dose- and length-dependent cytotoxic effects","volume":"1768","author":"Cardozo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2009.09.016","article-title":"Analysis of in vitro toxicity of five cell-penetrating peptides by metabolic profiling","volume":"265","author":"Kilk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6534","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2010.2637","article-title":"Cellular internalization of quantum dots noncovalently conjugated with arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707678","article-title":"Comparative study on transduction and toxicity of protein transduction domains","volume":"153","author":"Sugita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2004.02.018","article-title":"Chances and pitfalls of cell penetrating peptides for cellular drug delivery","volume":"58","author":"Trehin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."}],"container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365914007986?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365914007986?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T03:55:10Z","timestamp":1538020510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168365914007986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0168365914007986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-3659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-3659","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Peptides as skin penetration enhancers: Mechanisms of action","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Controlled Release","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}