{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:42:52Z","timestamp":1792881772121,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Government of Singapore Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001352","name":"National University of Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T14:34:02Z","timestamp":1740407642000},"page":"1058-1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["BioJect: An in vitro platform to explore release dynamics of peptides in subcutaneous drug delivery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"380","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuhua","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u00e7a Altay","family":"Benetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyes","family":"Kahouadji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias G.","family":"Wacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12060567","article-title":"Injectable lipid-based depot formulations: where do we stand?","volume":"12","author":"Rahnfeld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2017.06.007","article-title":"Costs of providing infusion therapy for rheumatoid arthritis in a hospital-based infusion center setting","volume":"39","author":"Schmier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12919-021-00230-7","article-title":"Intravenous versus subcutaneous delivery of biotherapeutics in IBD: an expert\u2019s and patient\u2019s perspective","volume":"15","author":"Jonaitis","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-018-0295-0","article-title":"Subcutaneous administration of biotherapeutics: an overview of current challenges and opportunities","volume":"32","author":"Bittner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biodrugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261336","article-title":"Assessing the transition from intravenous to subcutaneous delivery of rituximab: benefits for payers, health care professionals, and patients with lymphoma","volume":"17","author":"Harvey","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu364","article-title":"Patients' preferences for subcutaneous trastuzumab versus conventional intravenous infusion for the adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early breast cancer: final analysis of 488 patients in the international, randomized, two-cohort PrefHer study","volume":"25","author":"Pivot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.06.017","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in the development of complex generic long-acting injectable drug products","volume":"336","author":"O'Brien","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0040","first-page":"461","article-title":"Subcutaneous administration of biotherapeutics: current experience in animal models","volume":"12","author":"McDonald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0045","article-title":"Simulate SubQ: the methods and the media","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0050","article-title":"Structure and distribution of an unrecognized Interstitium in human tissues","volume":"8","author":"Benias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122906","article-title":"Prediction of subcutaneous drug absorption - characterization of subcutaneous interstitial fluids as a basis for developing biorelevant in vitro models","author":"Torres-Ter\u00e1n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600502","article-title":"Matrix-bound nanovesicles within ECM bioscaffolds","volume":"2","author":"Huleihel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.682414","article-title":"The extracellular matrix in skin inflammation and infection","volume":"9","author":"Pfisterer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-021-03062-4","article-title":"Multiphysics modeling and simulation of subcutaneous injection and absorption of biotherapeutics: sensitivity analysis","volume":"38","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-021-01982-3","article-title":"Subcutaneous delivery of albumin: impact of thermosensitive hydrogels","volume":"22","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-012-9367-0","article-title":"Mechanistic determinants of biotherapeutics absorption following SC administration","volume":"14","author":"Richter","year":"2012","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2018.01.007","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities for the subcutaneous delivery of therapeutic proteins","volume":"107","author":"Turner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2022.04.005","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro tools to predict the in vivo absorption of biopharmaceuticals following subcutaneous administration","author":"Bender","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.123995","article-title":"Biorelevant subcutaneous in vitro test predicts the release of human and fast acting insulin formulations","volume":"655","author":"Sch\u00f6ner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124227","article-title":"Prediction of subcutaneous drug absorption \u2212 development of novel simulated interstitial fluid media for predictive subcutaneous in vitro assays","volume":"658","author":"Torres-Ter\u00e1n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-016-0698-5","article-title":"Development of a convenient in vitro gel diffusion model for predicting the in vivo performance of subcutaneous parenteral formulations of large and small molecules","volume":"18","author":"Leung","year":"2017","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124436","article-title":"Assessment of subcutaneously administered insulins using in vitro release cartridge: medium composition and albumin binding","author":"Bock","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.01.009","article-title":"A novel USP apparatus 4 based release testing method for dispersed systems","volume":"388","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.07.016","article-title":"A novel in vitro method to model the fate of subcutaneously administered biopharmaceuticals and associated formulation components","volume":"214","author":"Kinnunen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2006.08.023","article-title":"Characterization of a potential medium for \u2018biorelevant\u2019 in vitro release testing of a naltrexone implant, employing a validated stability-indicating HPLC method","volume":"43","author":"Iyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119540","article-title":"A sensitive in vitro performance assay reveals the in vivo drug release mechanisms of long-acting medroxyprogesterone acetate microparticles","volume":"586","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01677.x","article-title":"Insulin aspart has a shorter duration of action than human insulin over a wide dose-range","volume":"15","author":"Nosek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diab. Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.04.003","article-title":"Classification of the flow regimes in the flow-through cell","volume":"37","author":"Kakhi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0145","series-title":"USP-NF","article-title":"General Chapter, \u3008711\u3009 Dissolution","author":"United States Pharmacopeia","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-018-2149-y","article-title":"Simulation of immiscible liquid\u2013liquid flows in complex microchannel geometries using a front-tracking scheme","volume":"22","author":"Kahouadji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluid."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2019.07.047","article-title":"Mixing viscoplastic fluids in stirred vessels over multiple scales: a combined experimental and CFD approach","volume":"208","author":"Russell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.142248","article-title":"Direct numerical simulations of liquid\u2013liquid dispersions in a SMX mixer under different inlet conditions","volume":"462","author":"Valdes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-1968-0242392-2","article-title":"Numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations","volume":"22","author":"Chorin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Math. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0170","article-title":"Navier\u2013Stokes equations and nonlinear functional analysis","author":"Temam","year":"1995","journal-title":"SIAM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(79)90088-3","article-title":"A multistep technique with implicit difference schemes for calculating two- or three-dimensional cavity flows","volume":"30","author":"Goda","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-1967-0225494-5","article-title":"The numerical integration of ordinary differential equations","volume":"21","author":"Gear","year":"1967","journal-title":"Math. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/num.20001","article-title":"Multigrid algorithm for the cell-centered finite difference method II: discontinuous coefficient case","volume":"20","author":"Kwak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Numer. Methods Partial Differ. Equations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(89)90222-2","article-title":"Efficient implementation of essentially non-oscillatory shock-capturing schemes, II","volume":"83","author":"Shu","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-7930(97)00053-4","article-title":"An improved level set method for incompressible two-phase flows","volume":"27","author":"Sussman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comput. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20622","article-title":"Effects of deaeration methods on dissolution testing in aqueous media: a study using a total dissolved gas pressure meter opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the FDA","volume":"95","author":"Gao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150180111","article-title":"Pore size of agarose gels by atomic force microscopy","volume":"18","author":"Pernodet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-865637","article-title":"A comparison of the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel rapid-acting insulin analog, insulin glulisine, and regular human insulin in healthy volunteers using the euglycemic clamp technique","volume":"113","author":"Becker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2010.01343.x","article-title":"Comparative pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of subcutaneous insulin glulisine and insulin aspart prior to a standard meal in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Bolli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diab. Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0220","series-title":"Figure 2: Created in BioRender","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0225","author":"Uner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2013.01.003","article-title":"A T3R3 hexamer of the human insulin variant B28Asp","volume":"173-174","author":"Palmieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biophys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81251-2","article-title":"Analysis of insulin glulisine at the molecular level by X-ray crystallography and biophysical techniques","volume":"11","author":"Gillis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444912027047","article-title":"Structures of bovine, equine and leporine serum albumin","volume":"68","author":"Bujacz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235","article-title":"The Protein Data Bank","volume":"28","author":"Berman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20291","article-title":"GROMACS: fast, flexible, and free","volume":"26","author":"Van Der Spoel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.1021\/jp984217f","article-title":"The GROMOS biomolecular simulation program package","volume":"103","author":"Scott","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1021\/ci500020m","article-title":"g_mmpbsa\u2014a GROMACS tool for high-throughput MM-PBSA calculations","volume":"54","author":"Kumari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.845","article-title":"Statistical aspects of van't Hoff analysis: a simulation study","volume":"20","author":"Zhukov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12618","article-title":"Forecasting oral absorption across biopharmaceutics classification system classes with physiologically based pharmacokinetic models","volume":"68","author":"Hansmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.692741","article-title":"Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of cefadroxil in mouse, rat, and human to predict concentration\u2013time profile at infected tissue","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1205121","article-title":"Factors affecting the absorption of subcutaneously administered insulin: effect on variability","volume":"2018","author":"Gradel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-017-2233-0","article-title":"Rapid-acting and human insulins: hexamer dissociation kinetics upon dilution of the pharmaceutical formulation","volume":"34","author":"Gast","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2008.10.018","article-title":"Absorption kinetics of insulin after subcutaneous administration","volume":"36","author":"S\u00f8eborg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.24039","article-title":"Effects of phenol and meta-cresol depletion on insulin analog stability at physiological temperature","volume":"103","author":"Teska","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpc.2019.106226","article-title":"The quaternary structure of insulin glargine and glulisine under formulation conditions","volume":"253","author":"Nagel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biophys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0500-0","article-title":"Insulin aspart in the management of diabetes mellitus: 15 years of clinical experience","volume":"76","author":"Hermansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1252067","article-title":"Insulin glulisine has a faster onset of action compared with insulin aspart in healthy volunteers","volume":"118","author":"Arnolds","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S3404","article-title":"Insulin glulisine in the management of diabetes","author":"Yamada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diab. Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X154178","article-title":"Intermediate and long-acting insulins: a review of NPH insulin, insulin glargine and insulin detemir","volume":"22","author":"Peterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0801","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of NPH insulin in type 1 diabetes: the importance of appropriate resuspension before subcutaneous injection","volume":"38","author":"Lucidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200847010-00002","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glulisine","volume":"47","author":"Becker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01580.x","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rapid-acting insulin analogues and their clinical consequences","volume":"14","author":"Home","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diab. Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W431","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab314","article-title":"Mol* Viewer: modern web app for 3D visualization and analysis of large biomolecular structures","volume":"49","author":"Sehnal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444900012749","article-title":"R6 hexameric insulin complexed with m-cresol or resorcinol","volume":"56","author":"Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D. Biol. Crystallogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1107\/S010876819100842X","article-title":"Structure of porcine insulin cocrystallized with clupeine Z","volume":"47","author":"Balschmidt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B: Struct. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0355","author":"Li"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.14227\/DT120205P41","article-title":"Qualification and validation of USP apparatus 4","volume":"12","author":"Kauffman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dissol. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2024.114308","article-title":"Hydrogel formats to model potential drug interactions occurring at the subcutaneous injection site","volume":"199","author":"Gomes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9594-3","article-title":"Acidic microclimate pH distribution in PLGA microspheres monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy","volume":"25","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.14227\/DT180411P46","article-title":"Flow-through cell apparatus (USP apparatus 4): operation and features","volume":"18","author":"Fotaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dissol. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.3109\/03639049409050222","article-title":"Evaluation of the flow-through cell dissolution apparatus: effects of flow rate, glass beads and tablet position on drug release from different type of tablets","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.200","article-title":"Regulation of human subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow","volume":"38","author":"Frayn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1987.tb08189.x","article-title":"Blood flow in skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in the forearm of normal man during an oral glucose load","volume":"130","author":"Bulow","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0395","author":"European Medicines Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0400","author":"European Medicines Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0405","author":"European Medicines Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0410","author":"European Medicines Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.5.644","article-title":"Time-action profile of the long-acting insulin analog insulin glargine (HOE901) in comparison with those of NPH insulin and placebo","volume":"23","author":"Heinemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0420","series-title":"Figure 6: Created in BioRender","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E352","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.278.2.E352","article-title":"Measurement of interstitial albumin in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by open-flow microperfusion","volume":"278","author":"Ellmerer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21122","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA03565K","article-title":"Zinc binding strength of proteins dominants zinc uptake in Caco-2 cells","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113543","article-title":"BSA interaction, molecular docking, and antibacterial activity of zinc(II) complexes containing the sterically demanding biomimetic N3S2 ligand: the effect of structure flexibility","volume":"27","author":"Soliman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187547","article-title":"Zn2+ chelation by serum albumin improves hexameric Zn2+\u2212insulin dissociation into monomers after exocytosis","volume":"12","author":"Pertusa","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11516","DOI":"10.1021\/bi980807s","article-title":"Interactions of phenol and m-cresol in the insulin hexamer, and their effect on the association properties of B28 pro \u2192 asp insulin analogues","volume":"37","author":"Whittingham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0450","series-title":"All About Albumin","first-page":"76","article-title":"3 - ligand binding by albumin","author":"Peters","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0455","series-title":"European Medical and Biological Engineering Conference","first-page":"356","article-title":"Electrochemical Detection of Desorbed Calcium Ions from Bovine Serum Albumin Binding","author":"Boscarino","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0460","series-title":"Figure 7: Created in BioRender","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8101320","article-title":"Insulin release from NPH insulin-loaded Pluronic\u00ae F127 hydrogel in the presence of simulated tissue enzyme activity","volume":"8","author":"Sultan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0470","first-page":"16","article-title":"Basic (cleaving arginine and lysine residues) metallocarboxypeptidase of mammalian tissue: structure, properties and function","volume":"70","author":"Vernigora","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ukr. Biokhim. Zh. (1978)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(96)00152-5","article-title":"Cathepsin B","volume":"29","author":"Mort","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.7.3.325","article-title":"Insulin detemir: from concept to clinical experience","volume":"7","author":"Home","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010037","article-title":"Bovine serum albumin as a platform for designing biologically active nanocarriers\u2014experimental and computational studies","volume":"25","author":"Adamczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.237","article-title":"Laccase-catalyzed cross-linking of BSA mediated by tyrosine","volume":"166","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.011389","article-title":"\u201cRegister-shift\u201d insulin analogs uncover constraints of proteotoxicity in protein evolution","volume":"295","author":"Rege","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13402","article-title":"A thing of beauty: structure and function of insulin\u2019s \u201caromatic triplet\u201d","volume":"20","author":"Weiss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diab. Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomedchemau.1c00054","article-title":"Molecular aspects of insulin aggregation and various therapeutic interventions","volume":"2","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Bio. Med. Chem. Au."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2004.05.004","article-title":"Probing three-dimensional structure of bovine serum albumin by chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.23020","article-title":"Hydrophobic-hydrophilic forces in protein folding","volume":"107","author":"Durell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9395","DOI":"10.1021\/la034783o","article-title":"Effect of temperature on hydrophobic interaction between proteins and hydrophobic adsorbents: studies by isothermal titration calorimetry and the van\u2019t Hoff equation","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.122605","article-title":"Roles of hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic effects on enhanced water structure in aqueous solutions of amphiphilic organic molecules","volume":"296","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Pt. A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2006.0054","article-title":"Precipitation of insulin aspart and insulin glulisine products used for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion","volume":"9","author":"Poulsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0535","series-title":"Figure 9: Created in BioRender","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-017-2229-9","article-title":"Optimizing the bioavailability of subcutaneously administered biotherapeutics through mechanochemical drivers","volume":"34","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0545","series-title":"Polymer Composites \u2013 Polyolefin Fractionation \u2013 Polymeric Peptidomimetics \u2013 Collagens","first-page":"173","article-title":"Collagen in human tissues: structure, function, and biomedical implications from a tissue engineering perspective","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.011","article-title":"Improving the outcomes of biopharmaceutical delivery via the subcutaneous route by understanding the chemical, physical and physiological properties of the subcutaneous injection site","volume":"182","author":"Kinnunen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013_bb0555","series-title":"Skin Biophysics: From Experimental Characterisation to Advanced Modelling","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human skin: composition, structure and visualisation methods","author":"Graham","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365925001269?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365925001269?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T17:53:51Z","timestamp":1770141231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168365925001269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S0168365925001269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-3659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-3659","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"BioJect: An in vitro platform to explore release dynamics of peptides in subcutaneous drug delivery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Controlled Release","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}