{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:20:28Z","timestamp":1789719628400,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"BBSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/X511006\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X511006\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T14:22:45Z","timestamp":1753021365000},"page":"114056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Influence of ionisable lipid and sterol variations on lipid nanoparticle properties and performance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"386","author":[{"given":"Caitlin","family":"McMillan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Druschitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Rumbelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Borah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Macfarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Rattray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Perrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.1c00544","article-title":"Chemistry of lipid nanoparticles for RNA delivery","volume":"55","author":"Eygeris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202206968","article-title":"Biodegradable cationic and ionizable cationic lipids: a roadmap for safer pharmaceutical excipients","volume":"19","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-022-03460-2","article-title":"Structure and function of cationic and ionizable lipids for nucleic acid delivery","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12181","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00244","article-title":"Lipids and lipid derivatives for RNA delivery","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27493-0","article-title":"An ionizable lipid toolbox for RNA delivery","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4543","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c01386","article-title":"Deconvoluting lipid nanoparticle structure for messenger RNA delivery","volume":"20","author":"Eygeris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14527-2","article-title":"Naturally-occurring cholesterol analogues in lipid nanoparticles induce polymorphic shape and enhance intracellular delivery of mRNA","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM01947J","article-title":"Illuminating endosomal escape of polymorphic lipid nanoparticles that boost mRNA delivery","volume":"9","author":"Herrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.08.014","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticle-mediated messenger RNA delivery for ex vivo engineering of natural killer cells","volume":"361","author":"Douka","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14792","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05647","article-title":"Engineering lipid nanoparticles for enhanced intracellular delivery of mRNA through inhalation","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12142446","article-title":"In Cellulo and in vivo comparison of cholesterol, Beta-sitosterol and Dioleylphosphatidylethanolamine for lipid nanoparticle formulation of mRNA","volume":"12","author":"Medjmedj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1039\/D4PM00128A","article-title":"Tailoring lipid nanoparticle dimensions through manufacturing processes","volume":"1","author":"McMillan","year":"2024","journal-title":"RSC Pharm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040544","article-title":"Delivery of oligonucleotides using a self-degradable lipid-like material","volume":"13","author":"Tanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.182","article-title":"Nonlinear least-squares data fitting in excel spreadsheets","volume":"5","author":"Kemmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16982","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c04996","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticlesfrom liposomes to mRNA vaccine delivery, a landscape of research diversity and advancement","volume":"15","author":"Tenchov","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32281-5","article-title":"Piperazine-derived lipid nanoparticles deliver mRNA to immune cells in vivo","volume":"13","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06235-0","article-title":"Overcoming thermostability challenges in mRNA-lipid nanoparticle systems with piperidine-based ionizable lipids","volume":"7","author":"Hashiba","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2311276120","article-title":"Biomimetic noncationic lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202106727","article-title":"Discovery of a novel amino lipid that improves lipid nanoparticle performance through specific interactions with mRNA","volume":"32","author":"Cornebise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.8b00885","article-title":"Thiourea modified doxorubicin: a perspective pH-sensitive prodrug","volume":"30","author":"Krasnovskaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1039\/D4LC00283K","article-title":"Optimized microfluidic formulation and organic excipients for improved lipid nanoparticle mediated genome editing","volume":"24","author":"Palanki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202404510","article-title":"Beyond the endosomal bottleneck: understanding the efficiency of mRNA\/LNP delivery","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-023-00833-2","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticle-enabled intracellular delivery of prime editors","volume":"25","author":"Herrera-Barrera","year":"2023","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM01581A","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA candidates elicit potent T cell responses","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02441-2","article-title":"Ionization and structural properties of mRNA lipid nanoparticles influence expression in intramuscular and intravascular administration","volume":"4","author":"Carrasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.11.010","article-title":"Exploring the impact of commonly used ionizable and pegylated lipids on mRNA-LNPs: a combined in vitro and preclinical perspective","volume":"377","author":"Binici","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2307800120","article-title":"Endosomal escape: a bottleneck for LNP-mediated therapeutics","volume":"121","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113687","article-title":"Splenic B cell-targeting lipid nanoparticles for safe and effective mRNA vaccine delivery","volume":"382","author":"Suzuki","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13040339","article-title":"Exploring the challenges of lipid nanoparticle development: the in vitro\u2013in vivo correlation gap","volume":"13","author":"Lindsay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccines"}],"container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365925006789?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365925006789?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T08:43:44Z","timestamp":1777193024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168365925006789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0168365925006789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-3659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-3659","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Influence of ionisable lipid and sterol variations on lipid nanoparticle properties and performance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Controlled Release","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114056","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114056"}}