{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:15:57Z","timestamp":1788952557331,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFRM24A0105L1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFRM24A0105L1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFRM25A0107L1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFRM25A0107L1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013129","name":"Ministry of SMEs and Startups","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00282845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00282845"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:40:34Z","timestamp":1764175234000},"page":"114463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Oral gene delivery platform based on glycol chitosan-PEG-lactoferrin conjugate"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"389","author":[{"given":"Seonmi","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Priscilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Yun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-07639-9","article-title":"Gene therapy","volume":"564","author":"Brody","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-019-0156-z","article-title":"Recent advances in the development of gene delivery systems","volume":"23","author":"Sung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.10.023","article-title":"Reversion of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by skeletal muscle-directed FGF21 gene therapy","volume":"32","author":"Jimenez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8791","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201708791","article-title":"FGF21 gene therapy as treatment for obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"10","author":"Jimenez","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01780-w","article-title":"Adeno-associated virus as a delivery vector for gene therapy of human diseases","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2018.09.003","article-title":"Oral non-viral gene delivery for applications in DNA vaccination and gene therapy","volume":"7","author":"Farris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-022-03415-7","article-title":"Oral delivery of nucleic acid therapies for local and systemic action","volume":"40","author":"Kumari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00524","article-title":"Advances in Oral drug delivery for regional targeting in the gastrointestinal tract - influence of physiological, pathophysiological and pharmaceutical factors [review]","volume":"11","author":"Hua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.158522","article-title":"Weaving the gates of life: pioneering a new era in oral gene delivery with metal-organic frameworks","volume":"503","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9280","DOI":"10.1021\/jf202135j","article-title":"PLGA nanoparticles improve the Oral bioavailability of curcumin in rats: characterizations and mechanisms","volume":"59","author":"Xie","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e38165","article-title":"The drug release of PLGA-based nanoparticles and their application in treatment of gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2018.06.005","article-title":"Adapting liposomes for oral drug delivery","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201813666160115125756","article-title":"Masoud Faghih, a., potential of liposomes for enhancement of Oral drug absorption","volume":"14","author":"Marjan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Drug. Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0070","article-title":"Single particle combinatorial multiplexed liposome fusion mediated by DNA","author":"Malle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biorxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00442","article-title":"An investigation into the gastrointestinal stability of Exenatide in the presence of pure enzymes, everted intestinal rings and intestinal homogenates","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01539-x","article-title":"Mucus interaction to improve gastrointestinal retention and pharmacokinetics of orally administered nano-drug delivery systems","volume":"20","author":"Subramanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.12.009","article-title":"Oral drug delivery with polymeric nanoparticles: the gastrointestinal mucus barriers","volume":"64","author":"Ensign","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2017.04.020","article-title":"Mucoadhesive properties of low molecular weight chitosan- or glycol chitosan- and corresponding thiomer-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles","volume":"117","author":"Palazzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10030267","article-title":"Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Application in Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems","volume":"10","author":"TM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.09.012","article-title":"PEGylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery","volume":"99","author":"Suk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Wang, Quinsaat, J.E.Q., Ono, T., Maeki, M., Tokeshi, M., Isono, T., Tajima, K., Satoh, T., Sato, S.-i., Miura, Y., Yamamoto, T., Enhanced dispersion stability of gold nanoparticles by the physisorption of cyclic poly(ethylene glycol), Nature Communications 11(2020), 6089. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-19947-8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19947-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1203\/pdr.0b013e3180332c8d","article-title":"Lactoferrin induces concentration-dependent functional modulation of intestinal proliferation and differentiation","volume":"61","author":"Buccigrossi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.759507","article-title":"The functional role of Lactoferrin in intestine mucosal immune system and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15061569","article-title":"The role of Lactoferrin in intestinal health","volume":"15","author":"Conesa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02677-9","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 increases insulin sensitivity through specific expansion of subcutaneous fat","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1191","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms by which FGF21 improves insulin sensitivity in male mice","volume":"154","author":"Camporez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.73936","article-title":"Targeting FGF21 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: from mechanism to medicine","volume":"19","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2012.06.011","article-title":"Metabolic actions of FGF21: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"2","author":"Ge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0145","article-title":"AKR-001, an fc-FGF21 analog, showed sustained Pharmacodynamic effects on insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"1","author":"Kaufman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.02.001","article-title":"Current status and future perspectives of FGF21 analogues in clinical trials","volume":"35","author":"Chui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049345","article-title":"Rationale-based engineering of a potent long-acting FGF21 analog for the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Hecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1778-4159","article-title":"FGF21: a novel regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and whole-body energy balance","volume":"54","author":"Szczepa\u0144ska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BIOM.0000027710.13543.3f","article-title":"Cellular internalization of lactoferrin in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"17","author":"Ashida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01221","article-title":"The biology of Lactoferrin, an Iron-binding protein that can help defend against viruses and Bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Kell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-015-1351-1","article-title":"Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER): a functional parameter to monitor the quality of oviduct epithelial cells cultured on filter supports","volume":"144","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/2211068214561025","article-title":"TEER measurement techniques for in vitro barrier model systems","volume":"20","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lab. Autom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Fillebeen, Descamps, L., Dehouck, M.-P., Fenart, L., Bena\u0131\u0308ssa, M., Spik, G., Cecchelli, R., Pierce, A., Receptor-mediated Transcytosis of Lactoferrin through the Blood-Brain Barrier*, Journal of Biological Chemistry 274(1999), 7011\u20137017. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.274.11.7011.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.11.7011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0190","first-page":"35","article-title":"Milk protein-shelled gold nanoparticles with gastrointestinally active absorption for aurotherapy to brain tumor","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00662-x","article-title":"Enhanced oral delivery of insulin via the colon-targeted nanocomposite system of organoclay\/glycol chitosan\/Eudragit\u00aeS100","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0200","series-title":"Chitosan Nanoparticles at the Biological Interface: Implications for Drug Delivery","author":"Aibani","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2007.10.013","article-title":"Gene delivery using chitosan, trimethyl chitosan or polyethylenglycol-graft-trimethyl chitosan block copolymers: establishment of structure\u2013activity relationships in vitro","volume":"125","author":"Germershaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10130","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b04947","article-title":"Dense and dynamic polyethylene glycol shells cloak nanoparticles from uptake by liver endothelial cells for long blood circulation","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0215","article-title":"Surface-modified 99mTc-Lactoferrin nanoparticles as tracers for sentinel lymph node mapping, nanomedicine: nanotechnology","volume":"68","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5101","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TB00690J","article-title":"A core\u2013shell structured polyplex for efficient and non-toxic gene delivery","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5397","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS01127D","article-title":"Susnik, E., Drasler, B., Taladriz-Blanco, P., petri-fink, a., Rothen-Rutishauser, B., understanding nanoparticle endocytosis to improve targeting strategies in nanomedicine","volume":"50","author":"Sousa de Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1873","article-title":"Characterization and evaluation of the efficacy of cationic complex mediated plasmid DNA delivery in human embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells","volume":"10","author":"D'Mello","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17143530","article-title":"Plasmid DNA Complexes in Powder Form Studied by Spectroscopic and Diffraction Methods","volume":"17","author":"Radko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.04.042","article-title":"Peptide-functionalized chitosan\u2013DNA nanoparticles for cellular targeting","volume":"89","author":"Talvitie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.07.008","article-title":"The use of chitosan as a condensing agent to enhance emulsion-mediated gene transfer","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Cots, Camacho, N.M., Palma, S.D., Alustiza, F., Pedraza, L., Bonino, F., Carre\u00f1o, J., Flores Bracamonte, C., Acevedo, D., Bozzo, A., Bellingeri, R., Chitosan-alginate microcapsules: A strategy for improving stability and antibacterial potential of bovine Lactoferrin, Int J Biol Macromol 307(2025), 141870. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141870.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141870"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.06.007","article-title":"Improved intestinal delivery of salmon calcitonin by Lys18-amine specific PEGylation: stability, permeability, pharmacokinetic behavior and in vivo hypocalcemic efficacy","volume":"114","author":"Youn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2003.10.013","article-title":"Persistence of DNA studied in different ex vivo and in vivo rat models simulating the human gut situation","volume":"42","author":"Wilcks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.322286","article-title":"Degradation of DNA by nucleases in intestinal tract of rats","volume":"196","author":"Maturin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123198","article-title":"Oral non-viral gene delivery platforms for therapeutic applications","volume":"642","author":"Ghaemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"2025","key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0275","article-title":"Gene therapy for genetic diseases: challenges and future directions","volume":"6","author":"Qie","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.03.041","article-title":"The deLIVERed promises of gene therapy: past, present, and future of liver-directed gene therapy","volume":"33","author":"Puzzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.017","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 improves insulin sensitivity by modulating the bile acid-gut microbiota axis in type II diabetic mice","volume":"224","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.034","article-title":"FGF21 agonists: an emerging therapeutic for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and beyond","volume":"81","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/elsc.202100040","article-title":"The pro-inflammatory response of macrophages regulated by acid degradation products of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles","volume":"21","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eng. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.61747","article-title":"Oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs: from non-specific formulation approaches to intestinal cell targeting strategies","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0305","article-title":"Advances in pulmonary protein delivery systems","volume":"4","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ad. NanoBiomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-021-00908-7","article-title":"Current approaches in lipid-based nanocarriers for oral drug delivery","volume":"11","author":"Plaza-Oliver","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Chen, Islam, W., Halabi, J.E., Li, L., Selaru, F.M., Innovative Gastrointestinal Drug Delivery Systems: Nanoparticles, Hydrogels, and Microgrippers, FBL 30(2025), 25281. Doi: 10.31083\/fbl25281.","DOI":"10.31083\/FBL25281"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/66.2.313","article-title":"Analysis of rodent growth data in toxicology studies","volume":"66","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230252824725","article-title":"Recognition of adverse and nonadverse effects in toxicity studies","volume":"30","author":"Lewis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0330","article-title":"Concordance of two diabetes diagnostic criteria using fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c: the Yuport medical checkup Centre study","volume":"7","author":"Inoue","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Qiao, Sidorenko, J., Revez, J.A., Xue, A., Lu, X., P\u00e4rna, K., Snieder, H., Visscher, P.M., Wray, N.R., Yengo, L., Lifelines Cohort, S., Estimation and implications of the genetic architecture of fasting and non-fasting blood glucose, Nature Communications 14(2023), 451. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-36013-1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36013-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41684-024-01473-5","article-title":"Revisited guidelines for metabolic tolerance tests in mice","volume":"54","author":"Moro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13070","article-title":"Application of the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in drug development and therapeutic equivalence: a PEARRL review","volume":"71","author":"Loisios-Konstantinidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0350","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 improves insulin sensitivity and synergizes with insulin in human adipose stem cell-derived (hASC) adipocytes","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02417-x","article-title":"Glucose transporters in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle in metabolic health and disease","volume":"472","author":"Chadt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.08.086","article-title":"mTORC1 is a major regulatory node in the FGF21 signaling network in adipocytes","volume":"17","author":"Minard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34533","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.248591","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 induces glucose transporter-1 expression through activation of the serum response factor\/Ets-like protein-1 in adipocytes","volume":"286","author":"Ge","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.02.037","article-title":"Liver-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 mediates effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 in attenuating hepatic glucose output","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.07.044","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 limits lipotoxicity by promoting hepatic fatty acid activation in mice on methionine and choline-deficient diets","volume":"147","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.03.019","article-title":"An FGF21-adiponectin-ceramide axis controls energy expenditure and insulin action in mice","volume":"17","author":"Holland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.005","article-title":"Adiponectin mediates the metabolic effects of FGF21 on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in mice","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6018","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0816","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 corrects obesity in mice","volume":"149","author":"Coskun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BIOM.0000027709.42733.e4","article-title":"Baculovirus expression of mouse lactoferrin receptor and tissue distribution in the mouse","volume":"17","author":"Suzuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.13.2.239-245.2006","article-title":"Modulation of immunity-related gene expression in small intestines of mice by oral administration of lactoferrin","volume":"13","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7432","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701600104","article-title":"\u03b2Klotho is required for metabolic activity of fibroblast growth factor 21","volume":"104","author":"Ogawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.155848","article-title":"FGF21 controls hepatic lipid metabolism via sex-dependent interorgan crosstalk","volume":"7","author":"Chaffin","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl17443","article-title":"Expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 and \u03b2-klotho regulates hepatic fibrosis through the nuclear factor-\u03baB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S302","article-title":"Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the primary defect in type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Controlled Release"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365925010776?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168365925010776?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T04:54:24Z","timestamp":1781326464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168365925010776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S0168365925010776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-3659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-3659","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oral gene delivery platform based on glycol chitosan-PEG-lactoferrin conjugate","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Controlled Release","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114463","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114463"}}