{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:36:52Z","timestamp":1790548612971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-cot.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T03:04:21Z","timestamp":1599620661000},"page":"145-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The protective role of glutathione in osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Thiago","family":"Setti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Gustavo Luz","family":"Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Silva","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Alkass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6284-213X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio Percope","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F\u00e1bio Santos Duarte","family":"Lana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib1","article-title":"Nutritional, metabolic and genetic considerations to optimise regenerative medicine outcome for knee osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Hafsi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib2","article-title":"Benefits of antioxidant supplements for knee osteoarthritis: Rationale and reality","author":"Grover","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703856114","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis has doubled in prevalence since the mid-20th century","author":"Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2019.01.011","article-title":"Leukocyte-rich PRP for knee osteoarthritis: current concepts","author":"Lana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9917-9","article-title":"Osteoarthritis pathogenesis: a review of molecular mechanisms","author":"Xia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.01.003","article-title":"ROS\/oxidative stress signaling in osteoarthritis","author":"Lepetsos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) - Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib7","series-title":"Oxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species in Cartilage Degradation: Friends or Foes? Osteoarthritis and Cartilage","author":"Henrotin","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3182579dc6","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species: the 2-edged sword of osteoarthritis","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib9","article-title":"Oxidative stress in osteoarthritis and antioxidant effect of polysaccharide from angelica sinensis","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.09.001","article-title":"Joint fluid antioxidants are decreased in osteoarthritic joints compared to joints with macroscopically intact cartilage and subacute injury","author":"Regan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-006-0247-8","article-title":"Increased oxidative stress and its relation with collagen metabolism in knee osteoarthritis","author":"Altindag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/561459","article-title":"The role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","author":"Wojdasiewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib13","article-title":"Osteoarthritis pathogenesis - a complex process that involves the entire joint","author":"Man","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of medicine and life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0908-7","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress to reduce osteoarthritis","author":"Poulet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600600r","article-title":"Protective effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and statins on cholesterolinduced osteoarthritis","author":"Farnaghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1012544","article-title":"ROS production in phagocytes: why, when, and where?","author":"Dupr\u00e9-Crochet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2014.00053","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers during environmental stress in plants","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","article-title":"ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress","author":"Schieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.09.025","article-title":"Physiological roles of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species","author":"Sena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.2000.53.pe1","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide: A key messenger that modulates protein phosphorylation through cysteine oxidation","author":"Rhee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci STKE\u00a0: Signal Transduct Knowl Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206295","article-title":"Oxidative changes and signalling pathways are pivotal in initiating age-related changes in articular cartilage","author":"Hui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161125943","article-title":"Chondrocyte apoptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense","author":"Birben","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Allergy Organization Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.575","article-title":"Regulation of iNOS function and cellular redox state by macrophage Gch1 reveals specific requirements for tetrahydrobiopterin in NRF2 activation","author":"McNeill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2478\/intox-2013-0019","article-title":"Hyaluronan and synovial joint: function, distribution and healing","author":"Tamer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interdiscipl Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S5495","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of hyaluronan in arthritis therapy: not just for viscosity","author":"Masuko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-254","article-title":"A\u00a0multicentre, pragmatic, parallel group, randomised controlled trial to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of three physiotherapy-led exercise interventions for knee osteoarthritis in older adults: the BEEP trial protocol (ISRCTN: 93634563)","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskel Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-2010-0385","article-title":"The effect of two exercise programs on various functional outcome measures in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled clinical trial","author":"Salli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Isokinet Exerc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.ST.18.00016","article-title":"Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation for painful knee arthritis: the why and the how","author":"Kidd","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Essent Surg Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.04.032","article-title":"Towards the antioxidant therapy in Osteoarthritis: Contribution of nanotechnology","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib31","article-title":"Gastrointestinal injury associated with NSAID use: a case study and review of risk factors and preventative strategies","author":"Goldstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Healthc Patient Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2008.06.001","article-title":"The disease modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD): is it in the horizon?","author":"Qvist","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib33","article-title":"Mitigation of systemic oxidative stress by curcuminoids in osteoarthritis: results of a randomized controlled trial","author":"Panahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Diet Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/mp700113r","article-title":"Bioavailability of curcumin: Problems and promises","author":"Anand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b00975","article-title":"The essential medicinal Chemistry of curcumin","author":"Nelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300724","article-title":"The oral bioavailability of curcumin from micronized powder and liquid micelles is significantly increased in healthy humans and differs between sexes","author":"Schiborr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109350438","article-title":"The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function","author":"Sophia Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sport Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1773-2247(12)50067-5","article-title":"Intra-articular drug delivery for arthritis diseases: the value of extended release and targeting strategies","author":"Pradal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.11.008","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid in the management of osteoarthritis: evidence from real-life setting trials and surveys","author":"Maheu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2017.04.014","article-title":"Intra-articular viscosupplementation of hyaluronic acids in an experimental osteoarthritis model","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-017-0180-3","article-title":"Recent advances in hyaluronic acid based therapy for osteoarthritis","author":"Bowman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2016.1232396","article-title":"Intra-articular therapies for osteoarthritis","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expet Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.038","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, aging and articular cartilage homeostasis","author":"Bolduc","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.65","article-title":"Ageing and the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","author":"Loeser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.07.007","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase 4 involvement in osteoarthritis","author":"Drevet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2282","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide increases glutathione production and suppresses oxidative stress in mitochondria","author":"Kimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.003483","article-title":"Deficient synthesis of glutathione underlies oxidative stress in aging and can be corrected by dietary cysteine and glycine supplementation","author":"Sekhar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13033145","article-title":"Glutathione is a key player in metal-induced oxidative stress defenses","author":"Jozefczak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.023","article-title":"Glutathione - Linking cell proliferation to oxidative stress","author":"Diaz-Vivancos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.08.006","article-title":"Glutathione: Overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis","author":"Forman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Aspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.753","article-title":"The many faces of glutathione in bacteria","author":"Masip","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7050062","article-title":"Glutathione: antioxidant properties dedicated to nanotechnologies","author":"Gaucher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib53","article-title":"Glutathione synthesis","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35729","article-title":"l-Glutathione enhances antioxidant capacity of hyaluronic acid and modulates expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2008.05.005","article-title":"Regulation of glutathione synthesis","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Aspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib56","series-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)","article-title":"Mitochondrial glutathione: Hepatocellular survival-death switch","author":"Garcia-Ruiz","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2008.11.002","article-title":"Protein S-glutathionylation: a regulatory device from bacteria to humans","author":"Dalle-Donne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib58","article-title":"Oxidative stress and glutathione in TGF-\u03b2-mediated fibrogenesis","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib59","article-title":"Glutathione, stress responses, and redox signaling in lung inflammation","author":"Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.03.108","article-title":"Brain PP2A is modified by thiol-disulfide exchange and intermolecular disulfide formation","author":"Foley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.041","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species promote TNF\u03b1-induced death and sustained JNK activation by inhibiting MAP kinase phosphatases","author":"Kamata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00268-1","article-title":"Regulation of protein phosphatase 2A by hydrogen peroxide and glutathionylation","author":"Rao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2009.01.001","article-title":"Role of nuclear glutathione as a key regulator of cell proliferation","author":"Pallard\u00f3","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Aspect Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20100409","article-title":"A\u00a0nuclear glutathione cycle within the cell cycle","author":"Diaz Vivancos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.06.006","article-title":"Dying a thousand deaths: Redundant pathways from different organelles to apoptosis and necrosis","author":"Lemasters","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib66","series-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)","article-title":"Redox regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis","author":"Garcia-Ruiz","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2009.033","article-title":"Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases","author":"Ballatori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61135-2","article-title":"Caspase-3-dependent cleavage of the glutamate-L-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit during apoptotic cell death","author":"Franklin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1041203","article-title":"Intra-articular hyaluronic acid for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: systemic review and meta-analysis","author":"Arrich","year":"2005","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can Med Assoc J)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2013.05.034","article-title":"Conflict of interest in the assessment of hyaluronic acid injections for osteoarthritis of the knee: an updated systematic review","author":"Printz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib71","article-title":"Rheological properties of synovial fluids","author":"Fam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B8.15083","article-title":"The effects of hyaluronic acid on articular chondrocytes","author":"Akmal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Jt Surg - Ser B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11487","article-title":"Single and combined inhibition of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and RANKL pathways in tumor necrosis factor-induced arthritis: effects on synovial inflammation, bone erosion, and cartilage destruction","author":"Zwerina","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.09.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA damage is involved in apoptosis caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines in human OA chondrocytes","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209936","article-title":"Mutual cross-talk between reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor-kappa B: molecular basis and biological significance","author":"Bubici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.08.009","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in synovial fluid of patients with primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the knee joint","author":"Ostalowska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel026","article-title":"Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mediates the inhibitory effects of hyaluronan on interleukin-1\u03b2-induced matrix metalloproteinase production in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts via down-regulation of NF-\u03baB and p38","author":"Hiramitsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20976","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine prevents nitric oxide-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration in an experimental model of osteoarthritis","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-309","article-title":"Type X collagen levels are elevated in serum from human osteoarthritis patients and associated with biomarkers of cartilage degradation and inflammation","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskel Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.05.021","article-title":"Induction of hypertrophic chondrocyte-like phenotypes by oxidized LDL in cultured bovine articular chondrocytes through increase in oxidative stress","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.09.016","article-title":"Differential effects of the antioxidant n-acetylcysteine on the production of catabolic mediators in IL-1\u03b2-stimulated human osteoarthritic synoviocytes and chondrocytes","author":"Roman-Blas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006_bib82","series-title":"Comparison of Intra-articular Injection of Hyaluronic Acid and N-Acetyl Cysteine in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study","author":"Ozcamdalli","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0976566220304409?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0976566220304409?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T06:20:46Z","timestamp":1760854846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0976566220304409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S0976566220304409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-5662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-5662","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The protective role of glutathione in osteoarthritis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.09.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Delhi Orthopedic Association. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}