{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:06:57Z","timestamp":1792469217030,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-cot.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T17:29:21Z","timestamp":1702574961000},"page":"102317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Surgical management of Charcot foot \u2013 The advancements over the past decade"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omeair","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghana","family":"Kavarthapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venu","family":"Kavarthapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640015585957","article-title":"Midfoot charcot neuroarthropathy in patients with diabetes: the impact of foot ulceration on self-reported quality of life","volume":"8","author":"Raspovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0768-9","article-title":"The Charcot foot: a pictorial review","volume":"10","author":"Rosskopf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1695","article-title":"Mortality risk of Charcot arthropathy compared with that of diabetic foot ulcer and diabetes alone","volume":"32","author":"Sohn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2014.09.007","article-title":"Mental health issues associated with foot complications of diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Hoban","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.03.025","article-title":"Charcot foot reconstruction outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Ha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-7-8","article-title":"Biomechanics of the natural, arthritic, and replaced human ankle joint","volume":"7","author":"Leardini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0844","article-title":"The Charcot foot in diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Rogers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01423-5","article-title":"An in-depth assessment of diabetes-related lower extremity amputation rates 2000-2013 delivered by twenty-one countries for the data collection 2015 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)","volume":"57","author":"Carinci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.820826","article-title":"Charcot neuroarthropathy: current surgical management and update. A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Bajuri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2020_498","article-title":"New concepts in the management of charcot neuroarthropathy in diabetes","volume":"1307","author":"Kavitha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-020-01664-9","article-title":"Efficacy of medical treatment for Charcot neuroarthropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Rastogi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib12","article-title":"Effectiveness of offloading interventions for people with diabetes-related foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Lazzarini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"296","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib13","first-page":"21","article-title":"Exostectomy for symptomatic bony prominences in diabetic charcot feet","author":"Brodsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0113","article-title":"Surgical management of Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Lowery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500502","article-title":"Management of midfoot diabetic neuroarthropathy","volume":"15","author":"Myerson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2008.17.2.28178","article-title":"Exostectomy for chronic midfoot plantar ulcer in Charcot deformity","volume":"17","author":"Laurinaviciene","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734619848553","article-title":"Early foot structural changes after lateral column exostectomy in patients with charcot foot","volume":"18","author":"Molines-Barroso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-9-479","article-title":"Ankle equinus deformity and its relationship to high plantar pressure in a large population with diabetes mellitus","volume":"92","author":"Lavery","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200308000-00003","article-title":"Effect of Achilles tendon lengthening on neuropathic plantar ulcers* : a randomised clinical trial","volume":"85","author":"Mueller","year":"2003","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib20","article-title":"Impact of Achilles tendon lengthening (ATL) on the diabetic plantar forefoot ulceration","author":"Allam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Egypt J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-015-0085-6","article-title":"Tendon lengthening and fascia release for healing and preventing diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Dallimore","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182729e0b","article-title":"Achilles tendon lengthening: friend or foe in the diabetic foot?","volume":"131","author":"Colen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2023.01.007","article-title":"Saving the foot: simple orthopaedic surgical intervention demonstrates improved outcomes and reduced costs","volume":"29","author":"Blong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2020.04.011","article-title":"Plantar foot ulcer recurrence in neuropathic patients undergoing percutaneous tendo-achilles lengthening","volume":"59","author":"Meshkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00888","article-title":"Concomitant Achilles tendon lengthening with transmetatarsal amputation for the prevention of late forefoot ulceration","volume":"104","author":"Bullock","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05567-y","article-title":"High rate of complications after corrective midfoot\/subtalar arthrodesis and Achilles tendon lengthening in Charcot arthropathy type Sanders 2 and 3","volume":"47","author":"Regauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.2016.1192378","article-title":"Gastrocnemius fascia release under local anaesthesia as a treatment for neuropathic foot ulcers in diabetic patients: a short series","volume":"116","author":"Van Bael","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Chir Belg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734614549417","article-title":"The best way to reduce reulcerations: if you understand biomechanics of the diabetic foot, you can do it","volume":"13","author":"L\u00e1zaro-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.1.160017","article-title":"The pathology and management of lesser toe deformities","volume":"1","author":"Malhotra","year":"2016","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.850","article-title":"The effectiveness of footwear and offloading interventions to prevent and heal foot ulcers and reduce plantar pressure in diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Bus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib31","article-title":"Effectiveness of percutaneous flexor tenotomies for the prevention and management of toe-related diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Calvo-Wright","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res [Internet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2023.08.001","article-title":"Comparison of minimally invasive and open approaches for midfoot charcot neuroarthropathy reconstruction","author":"Mateen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib33","series-title":"Minor and Major Amputation Rates Following Midfoot Charcot Reconstructive Surgery. J Foot Ankle Surg [Internet]","author":"Mateen","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.104B6.BJJ-2022-0127","article-title":"Predictors of metalwork failure and non-union after hindfoot Charcot reconstruction","volume":"104-B","author":"Najefi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Joint Lett J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B10.BJJ-2021-0339.R2","article-title":"Two-stage reconstruction of infected Charcot foot using internal fixation : a promising functional limb salvage technique","volume":"103-B","author":"Kavarthapu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Joint Lett J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.02.003","article-title":"Surgical treatment of midfoot charcot neuroarthropathy review of literature and our results after superconstruct reconstruction of midfoot charcot neuroarthropathy","volume":"17","author":"Fr\u00f8kj\u00e6r","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2020.04.022","article-title":"Success and survivorship following charcot reconstruction: a review of 151 cases","volume":"60","author":"McCann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10080-1525","article-title":"Correction of foot deformities from charcot arthropathy with the taylor spatial frame: a 7-14-year follow-up","volume":"16","author":"Lahoti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2019.06.008","article-title":"Computer-assisted gradual correction of charcot foot deformities: an in-depth evaluation of stage one of a planned two-stage approach to charcot reconstruction","volume":"59","author":"Wrotslavsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2020.07.001","article-title":"Charcot midfoot reconstruction: does subtalar arthrodesis or medial column fixation improve outcomes?","volume":"59","author":"Manchanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib41","article-title":"Functional outcome of hindfoot arthrodesis in Charcot arthropathy","volume":"14","author":"Kuharajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718805076","article-title":"Deformity and clinical outcomes following operative correction of charcot ankle","volume":"40","author":"Harkin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717735074","article-title":"Hybrid fixation for ankle fusion in diabetic charcot arthropathy","volume":"39","author":"El-Mowafi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2023.03.004","article-title":"Progression to hindfoot charcot neuroarthropathy after midfoot charcot correction in patients with and without subtalar joint arthrodesis","volume":"62","author":"Mateen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0976566223002254?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0976566223002254?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T08:03:14Z","timestamp":1760860994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0976566223002254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0976566223002254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-5662"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-5662","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Surgical management of Charcot foot \u2013 The advancements over the past decade","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2023.102317","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102317"}}