{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:56:36Z","timestamp":1791172596337,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Comparative Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,20]],"date-time":"2006-05-20T07:22:17Z","timestamp":1148109737000},"page":"267-289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Pathogenesis of Bovine Neosporosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"J.P.","family":"Dubey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Buxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Wouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2003.00645.x","article-title":"Cytokine gene expression in dams and fetuses after experimental Neospora caninum infection of heifers at 110 days of gestation","volume":"25","author":"Almeria","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.198.02.241","article-title":"Neospora-like protozoan infection as a major cause of abortion in California dairy cattle","volume":"198","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.207.09.1206","article-title":"Evaluation of abortions in cattle attributable to neosporosis in selected dairy herds in California","volume":"207","author":"Anderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.210.8.1169","article-title":"Evidence of vertical transmission of Neospora sp infection in dairy cattle","volume":"210","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-005-1313-y","article-title":"Immune responses during pregnancy in heifers naturally infected with Neospora caninum with and without immunization","volume":"96","author":"Andrianarivo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360100442","article-title":"Immune responses in pregnant cattle and bovine fetuses following experimental infection with Neospora caninum","volume":"87","author":"Andrianarivo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00088-6","article-title":"A POLYGEN-adjuvanted killed Neospora caninum tachyzoite preparation failed to prevent foetal infection in pregnant cattle following i.v.\/i.m. experimental tachyzoite challenge","volume":"30","author":"Andrianarivo","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11752.x","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection following an abortion outbreak in a dairy cattle herd","volume":"78","author":"Atkinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Australian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib9","first-page":"22","article-title":"Prepartum changes of plasma concentrations of prostaglandin F and 13, 14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin metabolites in pregnant animals exposed to Sarcocystis cruzi or Campylobacter fetus","volume":"42","author":"Baetz","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1803","article-title":"Evaluation of the embryo transfer procedure proposed by the International Embryo Transfer Society as a method of controlling vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in cattle","volume":"218","author":"Baillargeon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000077039","article-title":"Characterization of the first European isolate of Neospora caninum (Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper and Uggla)","volume":"111","author":"Barber","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589002700508","article-title":"Bovine fetal encephalitis and myocarditis associated with protozoal infections","volume":"27","author":"Barr","year":"1990","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589102800202","article-title":"Neospora-like protozoal infections associated with bovine abortions","volume":"28","author":"Barr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.01.113","article-title":"Congenital Neospora infection in calves born from cows that had previously aborted Neospora-infected fetuses: four cases (1990\u20131992)","volume":"202","author":"Barr","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879100300109","article-title":"Neospora-like encephalomyelitis in a calf: pathology, ultrastructure, and immunoreactivity","volume":"3","author":"Barr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600212","article-title":"Experimental reproduction of bovine fetal Neospora infection and death with a bovine Neospora isolate","volume":"6","author":"Barr","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2003.08.003","article-title":"Maternal and fetal immune responses of cattle inoculated with Neospora caninum at mid-gestation","volume":"130","author":"Bartley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00126-0","article-title":"Risk factors for Neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in dairy herds in the Netherlands (1995 to 1997)","volume":"52","author":"Bartels","year":"1999","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[0612:FIONCF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"First isolation of Neospora caninum from the feces of a naturally infected dog","volume":"87","author":"Basso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[0906:PONCII]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Prevalence of Neospora caninum infection in dogs from beef-cattle farms, dairy farms, and from urban areas of Argentina","volume":"87","author":"Basso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib21","first-page":"464","article-title":"Vertical and horizontal transmission of Neospora caninum in dairy herds in Qu\u00e9bec","volume":"41","author":"Bergeron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870101300216","article-title":"Rare detection of Neospora caninum in placentas from seropositive dams giving birth to full-term calves","volume":"13","author":"Bergeron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.150.10.316","article-title":"Effect of Neospora caninum on in vitro development of preimplantation stage bovine embryos and adherence to the zona pellucida","volume":"150","author":"Bielanski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00942230","article-title":"Unidentified cyst-forming-sporozoon causing encephalomyelitis and myositis in dogs","volume":"70","author":"Bjerk\u00e5s","year":"1984","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Parasitenkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.208.09.1441","article-title":"Neospora species infection in a herd of dairy cattle","volume":"208","author":"Bj\u00f6rkman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500102","article-title":"Application of the Neospora caninum IgG avidity ELISA in assessment of chronic reproductive losses after an outbreak of neosporosis in a herd of beef cattle","volume":"15","author":"Bj\u00f6rkman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879901100106","article-title":"An IgG avidity ELISA to discriminate between recent and chronic Neospora caninum infection","volume":"11","author":"Bj\u00f6rkman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00041-4","article-title":"Additional evaluation of undiagnosed bovine abortion cases may reveal fetal neosporosis","volume":"113","author":"Boger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1995.tb15026.x","article-title":"Bovine Neospora abortion in north-eastern New South Wales","volume":"72","author":"Boulton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Australian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib30","first-page":"111","article-title":"Bovine neonatal encephalomyelitis associated with a Neospora sp. protozoan","volume":"35","author":"Bryan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib31","first-page":"289","article-title":"Protozoan infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis spp.) in sheep and goats: recent advances","volume":"29","author":"Buxton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02414-5","article-title":"The comparative pathogenesis of neosporosis","volume":"18","author":"Buxton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.01.010","article-title":"Occasional detection of Neospora caninum DNA in frozen extended semen from naturally infected bulls","volume":"62","author":"Caetano-da-Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-306","article-title":"First isolation of Neospora caninum from an aborted bovine fetus in Spain","volume":"90","author":"Canada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00333-3","article-title":"First Portuguese isolate of Neospora caninum from an aborted fetus from a dairy herd with endemic neosporosis","volume":"110","author":"Canada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.08.012","article-title":"Isolation of Neospora caninum from a calf in Malaysia","volume":"126","author":"Cheah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000075065","article-title":"In vitro isolation and characterization of a Neospora sp. from aborted bovine foetuses","volume":"106","author":"Conrad","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00600-8","article-title":"Neosporosis as a cause of abortion in dairy cattle in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil","volume":"103","author":"Corbellini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib39","unstructured":"Couvreur, J. (2001). Infections in neonates. In: Toxoplasmosis, A Comprehensive Clinical Guide, D.H.M. Joynson and T.G. Wreghitt, Eds, Cambridge Uiversity Press, Cambridge, pp. 254\u2013276."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00364.x","article-title":"Neospora caninum infection in English springer spaniel littermates: diagnostic evaluation and organism isolation","volume":"6","author":"Cuddon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.137.22.566","article-title":"Abortion due to Neospora species in a dairy herd","volume":"137","author":"Dannatt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.20.547","article-title":"Herd-specific and age-specific seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in 14 British dairy herds","volume":"144","author":"Davison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.2001.0457","article-title":"Experimental studies on the transmission of Neospora caninum between cattle","volume":"70","author":"Davison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.1998.0272","article-title":"In vitro isolation of Neospora caninum from a stillborn calf in the UK","volume":"67","author":"Davison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00154-X","article-title":"Oral infection of calves with Neospora caninum oocysts from dogs: humoral and cellular immune responses","volume":"29","author":"de Marez","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0408:PONCAI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Prevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in dogs from dairy cattle farms in Parana, Brazil","volume":"88","author":"de Souza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00303-5","article-title":"A high rate of seroconversion for Neospora caninum in a dairy herd without an obvious increased incidence of abortions","volume":"109","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00323-0","article-title":"Evaluation of a single serological screening of dairy herds for Neospora caninum antibodies","volume":"110","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00009-2","article-title":"Point source exposure of cattle to Neospora caninum consistent with periods of common housing and feeding and related to the introduction of a dog","volume":"105","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00160-0","article-title":"Evidence of post-natal transmission of Neospora caninum in Dutch dairy herds","volume":"31","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00230-2","article-title":"Dogs shed Neospora caninum oocysts after ingestion of naturally infected bovine placenta but not after ingestion of colostrum spiked with Neospora caninum tachyzoites","volume":"31","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2003.41.1.1","article-title":"Review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis in animals","volume":"41","author":"Dubey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib53","first-page":"S42","article-title":"Neosporosis in cattle","volume":"89","author":"Dubey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(98)80010-8","article-title":"Hydrocephalus associated with Neospora caninum infection in an aborted bovine fetus","volume":"118","author":"Dubey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00094-2","article-title":"Redescription of Neospora caninum and its differentiation from related coccidia","volume":"32","author":"Dubey","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib56","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Newly recognized fatal protozoan disease of dogs","volume":"192","author":"Dubey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib57","first-page":"229","article-title":"Neosporosis associated congenital limb deformities in a calf","volume":"34","author":"Dubey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Applied Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00099-X","article-title":"Canine neosporosis: clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and isolation of Neospora caninum in mice and cell culture","volume":"28","author":"Dubey","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.197.08.1043","article-title":"Congenital Neospora caninum infection in a calf with spinal cord anomaly","volume":"197","author":"Dubey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib60","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Neonatal Neospora caninum infection in dogs: isolation of the causative agent and experimental transmission","volume":"193","author":"Dubey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(92)90056-F","article-title":"Clinical neosporosis in a four-week-old Hereford calf","volume":"43","author":"Dubey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2307\/3282954","article-title":"Neospora caninum-like protozoon associated with fatal myelitis in newborn calves","volume":"75","author":"Dubey","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(96)01035-7","article-title":"A review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis","volume":"67","author":"Dubey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.03.329","article-title":"Serologic responses of cattle and other animals infected with Neospora caninum","volume":"57","author":"Dubey","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.05.709","article-title":"Induced transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in cattle","volume":"201","author":"Dubey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879000200113","article-title":"Neospora caninum-associated myocarditis and encephalitis in an aborted calf","volume":"2","author":"Dubey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.07.005","article-title":"Biologic, morphologic, and molecular characterisation of Neospora caninum isolates from littermate dogs","volume":"34","author":"Dubey","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00253-3","article-title":"Serologic survey of Neospora caninum infection in a closed dairy cattle herd in Maryland: risk of serologic reactivity by production groups","volume":"90","author":"Dyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(96)01025-4","article-title":"Effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the development of pregnancy and on endocrine foetal-placental function in the goat","volume":"67","author":"Engeland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2001.0539","article-title":"Immune regulation during pregnancy and host\u2013pathogen interactions in infectious abortion","volume":"126","author":"Entrican","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.07.002","article-title":"Detection of Neospora caninum in the semen and blood of naturally infected bulls","volume":"63","author":"Ferre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2003.00686.x","article-title":"Neospora caninum infection and congenital transmission: serological and parasitological study of cows up to the fourth gestation","volume":"50","author":"Fioretti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2000.00304.x","article-title":"Neospora caninum infection in a clinically healthy calf: parasitological study and serological follow-up","volume":"47","author":"Fioretti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine, B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(93)90258-7","article-title":"Endotoxemia in pregnant cows: comparisons of maternal and fetal effects utilizing the chronically catheterized fetus","volume":"39","author":"Foley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00131-9","article-title":"Mathematical models of Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle: transmission and options for control","volume":"29","author":"French","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[1159:IPONCO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Improved production of Neospora caninum oocysts, cyclical oral transmission between dogs and cattle, and in vitro isolation from oocysts","volume":"88","author":"Gondim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-341R","article-title":"Transmission of Neospora caninum between wild and domestic animals","volume":"90","author":"Gondim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-359R","article-title":"Transplacental transmission and abortion in cows administered Neospora caninum oocysts","volume":"90","author":"Gondim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.01.001","article-title":"Coyotes (Canis latris) are definitive hosts of Neospora caninum","volume":"34","author":"Gondim","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00493-9","article-title":"Isolation of Neospora caninum from the brain of a naturally infected dog, and production of encysted bradyzoites in gerbils","volume":"101","author":"Gondim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.6.145","article-title":"Bovine abortion associated with Neospora caninum in northern Spain","volume":"144","author":"Gonz\u00e1les","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.149.15.443","article-title":"Neospora caninum in persistently infected, pregnant cows: spontaneous transplacental infection is associated with an acute increase in maternal antibody","volume":"149","author":"Guy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00158-1","article-title":"Neosporosis-associated bovine abortion in Pennsylvania","volume":"74","author":"Hattel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.197.01.87","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of Neospora caninum infection in a dog","volume":"197","author":"Hay","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879801000314","article-title":"Neosporal abortion in Oklahoma cattle with emphasis on the distribution of brain lesions in aborted fetuses","volume":"10","author":"Helman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1741","article-title":"Risk of abortion associated with Neospora caninum during different lactations and evidence of congenital transmission in dairy cows","volume":"221","author":"Hernandez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00102-2","article-title":"Postnatal Neospora caninum transmission and transient serologic responses in two dairies","volume":"29","author":"Hietala","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.2307\/3284418","article-title":"Detection of Neospora sp, from infected bovine tissues by PCR and probe hybridization","volume":"83","author":"Ho","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.09.025","article-title":"Risk factors associated with Neospora caninum abortion in Ontario Holstein dairy herds","volume":"127","author":"Hobson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1561","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease","volume":"172","author":"Howe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02372-3","article-title":"Immune responses to Neospora caninum and prospects for vaccination","volume":"18","author":"Innes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib92","first-page":"896","article-title":"Immunology of Neospora caninum infection in cattle and mice","volume":"30","author":"Innes","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.07.004","article-title":"The host-parasite relationship in bovine neosporosis","volume":"108","author":"Innes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00284-3","article-title":"Protection against vertical transmission in bovine neosporosis","volume":"31","author":"Innes","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00373-3","article-title":"Serological investigation of an outbreak of Neospora caninum-associated abortion in a dairy herd in southeastern United States","volume":"94","author":"Jenkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(99)00048-3","article-title":"Associations of Neospora caninum seropositivity with gestation number and pregnancy outcome in Danish dairy herds","volume":"40","author":"Jensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib97","first-page":"853","article-title":"Repeated bovine abortion associated with Neospora caninum in Korea","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib98","first-page":"139","article-title":"In vitro isolation of a bovine Neospora in Korea","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00224-7","article-title":"In vitro isolation and characterization of bovine Neospora caninum in Korea","volume":"90","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(02)00167-4","article-title":"Endocrine changes in late bovine pregnancy with special emphasis on fetal well-being","volume":"23","author":"Kindahl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Domestic Animal Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[1486:IONCFT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Isolation of Neospora caninum from the brain of a pregnant sheep","volume":"87","author":"Koyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2002.tb12475.x","article-title":"Confirmation of the prevention of vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in cattle by the use of embryo transfer","volume":"80","author":"Landmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00121-6","article-title":"A structural study of the Neospora caninum oocyst","volume":"29","author":"Lindsay","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2004.00811.x","article-title":"Neospora caninum infection does not affect the fertility of dairy cows in herds with high incidence of Neospora-associated abortions","volume":"52","author":"Lopez-Gatius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2004.02.005","article-title":"Placental pathology associated with fetal death in cattle inoculated with Neospora caninum by two different routes in early pregnancy","volume":"131","author":"Macaldowie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib106","first-page":"191","article-title":"Small-subunit rDNA sequencing of the Italian bovine Neospora caninum isolate (NC-PV1 strain)","volume":"42","author":"Magnino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib107","first-page":"456","article-title":"Isolation of a bovine Neospora from a newborn calf in Italy","volume":"144","author":"Magnino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.145.3.72","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and abortion in dairy cows in northern Spain","volume":"145","author":"Mainar-Jaime","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(03)00032-X","article-title":"The pathogenesis of neosporosis in pregnant cattle: inoculation at mid-gestation","volume":"129","author":"Maley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.1998.00145.x","article-title":"Identification of Neospora antigens recognized by CD4+ T cells and immune sera from experimentally infected cattle","volume":"20","author":"Marks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasite Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.2307\/3283848","article-title":"Sequence analysis and comparison of ribosomal DNA from bovine Neospora to similar coccidial parasites","volume":"81","author":"Marsh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01854-7","article-title":"Do cows protect fetuses from Neospora caninum transmission?","volume":"17","author":"McAllister","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.881","article-title":"Evidence of point-source exposure to Neospora caninum and protective immunity in a herd of beef cows","volume":"217","author":"McAllister","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00138-6","article-title":"Dogs are definitive hosts of Neospora caninum","volume":"28","author":"McAllister","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879600800313","article-title":"Evidence suggesting a point source exposure in an outbreak of bovine abortion due to neosporosis","volume":"8","author":"McAllister","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2307\/3284181","article-title":"An immunohistochemical method for detecting bradyzoite antigen (BAG5) in Toxoplasma gondii-infected tissues cross-reacts with a Neospora caninum bradyzoite antigen","volume":"82","author":"McAllister","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0628:PSOOON]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Protracted shedding of oocysts of Neospora caninum by a naturally infected foxhound","volume":"89","author":"McGarry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2002.tb10967.x","article-title":"Characterization of the first Australian isolate of Neospora caninum from cattle","volume":"80","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00077-6","article-title":"Increased risk of abortion following Neospora caninum abortion outbreaks: a retrospective and prospective cohort study in four dairy herds","volume":"49","author":"Moen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00129-2","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of beef and dairy herds and fetal study of Neospora caninum in Argentina","volume":"107","author":"Moore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2001.0477","article-title":"Neosporosis in Mexican dairy herds: lesions and immunohistochemical detection of Neospora caninum in fetuses","volume":"125","author":"Morales","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(95)80145-6","article-title":"Ruminant pestiviruses","volume":"151","author":"Nettleton","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400228","article-title":"Neospora-like protozoan infection as a cause of abortion in dairy cattle","volume":"4","author":"Nietfeld","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib124","unstructured":"Noden, D.M. and de Lahunta, A. (1985). Extraembryonic membranes and placentation. In: The Embryology of Domestic Animals, Developmental and Mechanisms and Malformations. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 47-69."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(92)90039-W","article-title":"Neosporosis in the aborted foetus and newborn calf","volume":"107","author":"Ogino","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.06.001","article-title":"The use of PCR to detect Neospora caninum DNA in the blood of naturally infected cows","volume":"122","author":"Okeoma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2004.36453","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterisation of Neospora caninum in cattle in New Zealand","volume":"52","author":"Okeoma","year":"2004","journal-title":"New Zealand Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.09.015","article-title":"Detection of Neospora caninum in semen of bulls","volume":"117","author":"Ortega-Mora","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib129","unstructured":"Osburn, B.I. (1986). Ontogeny of immune responses in cattle. In: Ruminant Immune System in Health and Disease, W.I. Morrison, Ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 252\u2013260."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib130","first-page":"563","article-title":"Congenital sporozoan encephalomyelitis in a calf","volume":"121","author":"O'Toole","year":"1987","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.136.24.602","article-title":"A survey of the incidence of Neospora caninum infection in aborted and stillborn bovine fetuses in England and Wales","volume":"136","author":"Otter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib132","first-page":"531","article-title":"Estimation of Neospora caninum seroprevalence in dairy cattle from Normandy, France","volume":"30","author":"Ould-Amrouche","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73537-7","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to Neospora caninum infection in Holstein cattle in Ontario","volume":"87","author":"Pan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.213.11.1595","article-title":"Seroepidemiologic study of Neospora caninum in dairy herds","volume":"213","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib135","first-page":"133","article-title":"Congenital Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle and associated calfhood mortality","volume":"60","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"1996","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2307\/3284321","article-title":"Neospora caninum antibodies in cows during pregnancy as a predictor of congenital infection and abortion","volume":"83","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib137","first-page":"1599","article-title":"Myelitis associated with protozoal infection in newborn calves","volume":"191","author":"Parish","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib138","first-page":"906","article-title":"Observational studies in Neospora caninum infected dairy cattle: pattern of transmission and age-related antibody fluctuations","volume":"30","author":"Pereira-Bueno","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00221-1","article-title":"Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence for Neospora caninum tissue cysts in skeletal muscles of naturally infected dogs and cattle","volume":"31","author":"Peters","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008499","article-title":"Canine neosporosis: clinical and pathological findings and first isolation of Neospora caninum in Germany","volume":"86","author":"Peters","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00011-9","article-title":"A longitudinal study of Neospora caninum infection on a dairy farm in New Zealand","volume":"54","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(02)02324-3","article-title":"Neospora caninum: a cause of immune-mediated failure of pregnancy?","volume":"18","author":"Quinn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib143","first-page":"900","article-title":"Observational studies in Neospora caninum infected dairy cattle: relationship of infection-abortion and gestational antibody fluctuations","volume":"30","author":"Quintanilla-Gozalo","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod33.5.1227","article-title":"Progesterone and prostanoid production by bovine binucleate trophoblastic cells","volume":"33","author":"Reimers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.12.011","article-title":"Neospora caninum in pastured cattle: determination of climatic, environmental, farm management and individual animal risk factors using remote sensing and geographical information systems","volume":"128","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitoogy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.07.007","article-title":"Shedding of Neospora caninum oocysts by dogs fed tissues from naturally infected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Brazil","volume":"124","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00135-3","article-title":"The effect of the dam-calf relationship on serostatus to Neospora caninum on 20 Costa Rican dairy farms","volume":"114","author":"Romero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(01)00290-2","article-title":"Factors associated with Neospora caninum serostatus in cattle of 20 specialised Costa Rican dairy herds","volume":"53","author":"Romero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00524-6","article-title":"A Swiss case-control study to assess Neospora caninum-associated bovine abortions by PCR, histopathology and serology","volume":"102","author":"Sager","year":"2001","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281.147.3.113","article-title":"Mise en \u00e9vidence d\u2019un de \u201cabortion storm\u201d: (transmission transplacentaire exog\u00e9ne de Neospora caninum) dans une exploitation de vaches laiti\u00e8res: une premi\u00e8re en Suisse","volume":"147","author":"Sager","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schweizer Archiv f\u00fcr Tierheilkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00248-X","article-title":"Isolation of Neospora caninum from the brain of a naturally infected adult dairy cow","volume":"90","author":"Sawada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.60.853","article-title":"Serological survey of antibody to Neospora caninum in Japanese dogs","volume":"60","author":"Sawada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00103-6","article-title":"p38-avidity-ELISA: examination of herds experiencing epidemic or endemic Neospora caninum-associated bovine abortion","volume":"106","author":"Schares","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005700","article-title":"Potential risk factors for bovine Neospora caninum infection in Germany are not under the control of the farmers","volume":"129","author":"Schares","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360100445","article-title":"Hammondia heydorni-like oocysts shed by a naturally infected dog and Neospora caninum NC-1 cannot be distinguished","volume":"87","author":"Schares","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00195-2","article-title":"The efficiency of vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in dairy cattle analysed by serological techniques","volume":"80","author":"Schares","year":"1998","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.2307\/3285744","article-title":"Serological differences in Neospora caninum-associated epidemic and endemic abortions","volume":"85","author":"Schares","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib158","first-page":"687","article-title":"Histopathological survey of aborted bovine fetuses in Scotland with special reference to Neospora caninum","volume":"147","author":"Schock","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200100796X","article-title":"Genetic and biological diversity among isolates of Neospora caninum","volume":"123","author":"Schock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(89)90174-X","article-title":"A Neospora-like protozoon found in an aborted bovine placenta","volume":"34","author":"Shivaprasad","year":"1989","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0599","article-title":"Coprodiagnosis of Hammondia heydorni in dogs by PCR based amplification of ITS 1 rRNA: differentiation from morphologically indistinguishable oocysts of Neospora caninum","volume":"163","author":"\u0160lapeta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3272-3279.2003","article-title":"Neospora caninum-infected cattle develop parasite-specific CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes","volume":"71","author":"Staska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050236","article-title":"Characterisation of a Swedish bovine isolate of Neospora caninum","volume":"83","author":"Stenlund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(99)00120-X","article-title":"Serum antibody profile and reproductive performance during two consecutive pregnancies of cows naturally infected with Neospora caninum","volume":"85","author":"Stenlund","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00645-8","article-title":"Uterine\u2013conceptus interactions and reproductive failure in cattle","volume":"56","author":"Thatcher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/104063878900100301","article-title":"Neosporosis-like abortions in a herd of dairy cattle","volume":"1","author":"Thilsted","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1994.35819","article-title":"Neospora abortion epidemic in a dairy herd","volume":"42","author":"Thornton","year":"1994","journal-title":"New Zealand Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.12.1381","article-title":"Effect of congenitally acquired Neospora caninum infection on risk of abortion and subsequent abortions in dairy cattle","volume":"58","author":"Thurmond","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879700900108","article-title":"Herd-based diagnosis of Neospora caninum-induced endemic and epidemic abortion in cows and evidence for congenital and postnatal transmission","volume":"9","author":"Thurmond","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879901100115","article-title":"Predictive values of fetal histopathology and immunoperoxidase staining in diagnosing bovine abortion caused by Neospora caninum in a dairy herd","volume":"11","author":"Thurmond","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00093-4","article-title":"Towards evaluating the economic impact of bovine neosporosis","volume":"29","author":"Trees","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00234-0","article-title":"Neospora caninum: oocyst challenge of pregnant cows","volume":"109","author":"Trees","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib173","first-page":"891","article-title":"Neosporosis in the United Kingdom. In: A European Perspective on Neospora caninum, A. Hemphill and B. Gottstein, Eds","volume":"30","author":"Trees","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.09.005","article-title":"Endogenous and exogenous transplacental infection in Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"21","author":"Trees","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trend in Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(98)00110-6","article-title":"Oral Neospora caninum inoculation of neonatal calves","volume":"28","author":"Uggla","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.02.031","article-title":"Isolation of Neospora caninum from naturally infected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)","volume":"129","author":"Vianna","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.10.1485","article-title":"Outbreak of abortion associated with Neospora caninum infection in a beef herd","volume":"215","author":"Waldner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006587","article-title":"Neospora caninum-associated abortion in cattle: the time of experimentally-induced parasitaemia during gestation determines foetal survival","volume":"121","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00143-7","article-title":"First demonstration of protective immunity against foetopathy in cattle with latent Neospora caninum infection","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00125-9","article-title":"Characteristics of Neospora caninum-associated abortion storms in dairy herds in the Netherlands (1995\u20131997)","volume":"52","author":"Wouda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00105-8","article-title":"Seroepidemiological evidence for a relationship between Neospora caninum infections in dogs and cattle","volume":"29","author":"Wouda","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00078-8","article-title":"Abortion risk in progeny of cows after a Neospora caninum epidemic","volume":"49","author":"Wouda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879700900212","article-title":"Bovine fetal neosporosis: a comparison of epizootic and sporadic abortion cases and different age classes with regard to lesion severity and immunohistochemical identification of organisms in brain, heart, and liver","volume":"9","author":"Wouda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wreghitt, T.G. and Joynson, D.H.M. (2001). Toxoplasma infection in immunosuppressed (HIV-negative) patients. In: Toxoplasmosis, a comprehensive clinical guide. Eds, D.H.M. Joynson and T.G. Wreghitt. Cambridge Unbiversity Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 178\u2013192.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511527005.008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600424","article-title":"Neospora abortion storm in a midwestern dairy","volume":"6","author":"Yaeger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(97)90162-4","article-title":"In vitro isolation and characterisation of a bovine Neospora species in Japan","volume":"63","author":"Yamane","year":"1997","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021997505001350?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021997505001350?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T08:32:50Z","timestamp":1707035570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021997505001350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":186,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021997505001350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcpa.2005.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9975","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}}}