{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T18:18:27Z","timestamp":1788805107293,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Comparative Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,14]],"date-time":"2010-08-14T09:02:12Z","timestamp":1281776532000},"page":"55-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Experimental Infection of Turkeys and Chickens with a Clonal Strain of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum Induces a Latent Infection in the Absence of Clinical Signs and Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Liebhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Weissenb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Macroscopic differentiation of lesions of histomoniasis and trichomoniasis in turkeys","volume":"2","author":"Allen","year":"1941","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.09.014","article-title":"Axenization and optimization of in vitro growth of clonal cultures of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Trichomonas gallinae","volume":"124","author":"Amin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008005477","article-title":"Identification and molecular characterization of numerous Histomonas meleagridis proteins using a cDNA library","volume":"136","author":"Bilic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(22)80002-3","article-title":"Some observations on the digestive system of the fowl","volume":"35","author":"Browne","year":"1922","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0230457","article-title":"Does breed, age, sex, or laying condition affect the pH of the digestive system of chickens?","volume":"23","author":"Buckner","year":"1944","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.11.003","article-title":"Cryptic species within the Tetratrichomonas gallinarum species complex revealed by molecular polymorphism","volume":"128","author":"Cepicka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(57)90031-0","article-title":"Effect of inoculating the chicken and turkey with a strain of Trichomonas gallinarum","volume":"6","author":"Delappe","year":"1957","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00930910","article-title":"Experimental infections in chickens with Chilomastix gallinarum, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, and Tritrichomonas eberthi","volume":"77","author":"Friedhoff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.2307\/1587900","article-title":"The protozoan etiology of blackhead","volume":"6","author":"Goedbloed","year":"1962","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.07.011","article-title":"PCR for the identification and differentiation of Histomonas meleagridis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Blastocystis spp","volume":"142","author":"Grabensteiner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006000758","article-title":"Clonal cultures of Histomonas meleagridis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and a Blastocystis sp. established through micromanipulation","volume":"133","author":"Hess","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0440215","article-title":"Pathogenicity studies on Trichomonas gallinarum in domestic poultry","volume":"44","author":"Kemp","year":"1965","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib13","first-page":"53","article-title":"Studies on pathogenicity of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in mice and turkey poults","volume":"43","author":"Kulda","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Veterinary Brno"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000044243","article-title":"Changes in the ultrastructure of the caecum of chickens caused by Trichomonas gallinarum","volume":"65","author":"Lee","year":"1972","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2006.08.002","article-title":"In-situ hybridization for the detection and identification of Histomonas meleagridis in tissues","volume":"135","author":"Liebhart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib16","first-page":"53","article-title":"Further observations on the caecal parasites of fowls, with some reference to the rectal fauna of other vertebrates","volume":"57","author":"Martin","year":"1911","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2307\/1592159","article-title":"Pathogenicity of a strain of Trichomonas gallinarum in turkeys and its possible interaction with cecal coccidia","volume":"41","author":"Norton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(74)90247-0","article-title":"The bursa of Fabricius: a central organ providing for contact between the lymphoid system and intestinal content","volume":"13","author":"Schaffner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cell Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.12.004","article-title":"Peripheral macrophage depletion reduces central nervous system parasitism and damage in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected suckling rats","volume":"149","author":"Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.11.004","article-title":"Histomonas meleagridis: immunohistochemical localization of parasitic cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of experimentally infected turkeys demonstrates the wide spread of the parasite in its host","volume":"118","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(64)90034-7","article-title":"Axenic culture of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum: growth and anaerobic utilization of carbohydrates and related compounds","volume":"15","author":"Theodorides","year":"1964","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.2307\/3271065","article-title":"The flagellate character and reclassification of the parasite producing \u201cblackhead\u201d in turkeys-Histomonas (gen.nov.) meleagridis (Smith)","volume":"6","author":"Tyzzer","year":"1920","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.2.4.441-445.1917","article-title":"Trichomoniasis of chicks","volume":"2","author":"Weinzirl","year":"1917","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.12.014","article-title":"Establishing an indirect sandwich enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against Histomonas meleagridis from experimentally infected specific pathogen-free chickens and turkeys","volume":"161","author":"Windisch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021997510000964?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021997510000964?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T13:11:05Z","timestamp":1591794665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021997510000964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0021997510000964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9975"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9975","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}