{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:22:05Z","timestamp":1774124525579,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,10]],"date-time":"2006-04-10T16:20:11Z","timestamp":1144686011000},"page":"23-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Clinical trial design\u2014effect of prone positioning on clinical outcomes in infants and children with acute respiratory distress syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Martha A.Q.","family":"Curley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Fackler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Jo","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori D.","family":"Fineman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Cvijanovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick E.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Molitor-Kirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Steinhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Matthay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia L.","family":"Hibberd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80310-X","article-title":"Adult respiratory distress syndrome in pediatric patients. II. Management","volume":"112","author":"Royall","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.3.7509706","article-title":"The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination","volume":"149","author":"Bernard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.3.789","article-title":"Predicting death in pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure. Pediatric Critical Care Study Group. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization","volume":"108","author":"Timmons","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.ats2-98","article-title":"The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS, Part 2: Ventilatory, pharmacologic, supportive therapy, study design strategies, and issues related to recovery and remodeling. Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"157","author":"Artigas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.6.1833","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation. American College of Chest Physicians' Consensus Conference","volume":"104","author":"Slutsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.ats16060","article-title":"International Consensus Conferences in Intensive Care Medicine: ventilator-associated lung injury in ARDS","volume":"160","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199101000-00004","article-title":"Body position changes redistribute lung computed-tomographic density in patients with acute respiratory failure","volume":"74","author":"Gattinoni","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib8","first-page":"143","article-title":"Comments of a devil's advocate","volume":"110","author":"Bryan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199612000-00013","article-title":"The effects of long-term prone positioning in patients with trauma-induced adult respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"83","author":"Fridrich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.2.9032181","article-title":"Prone position in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory failure","volume":"155","author":"Chatte","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.2.97-04023","article-title":"Effects of the prone position on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange during acute lung injury","volume":"157","author":"Pelosi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.156","article-title":"The effects of early and repeated prone positioning in pediatric patients with acute lung injury","volume":"118","author":"Curley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010043","article-title":"Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure","volume":"345","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib14","first-page":"A180","article-title":"Prone vs. supine position in ARDS. Results of a randomized multicenter trial","volume":"167","author":"Mancebo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","article-title":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"342","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2575","article-title":"Clinical trials\u2014multiple treatments, multiple end points, and multiple lessons","volume":"289","author":"Lauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200210-1175OC","article-title":"The feasibility of conducting clinical trials in infants and children with acute respiratory failure","volume":"167","author":"Randolph","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc1998.7.5.335","article-title":"Weaning from mechanical ventilation: patterns in pediatric patients recovering from acute hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"7","author":"Curley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13908-6","article-title":"Validation of the paediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score: prospective, observational, multicentre study","volume":"36","author":"Leteurtre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)82544-2","article-title":"Assessing the outcome of pediatric intensive care","volume":"121","author":"Fiser","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421806","article-title":"The acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"342","author":"Ware","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/00075198-200306000-00012","article-title":"Treatment algorithms and protocolized care","volume":"9","author":"Morris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000059733.05933.04","article-title":"Cephalad movement of endotracheal tubes caused by prone positioning pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Marcano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc1995.4.6.425","article-title":"Moisture chamber versus lubrication for the prevention of corneal epithelial breakdown","volume":"4","author":"Cortese","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520744","article-title":"Beneficial effects of the \u201copen lung approach\u201d with low distending pressures in acute respiratory distress syndrome. A prospective randomized study on mechanical ventilation","volume":"152","author":"Amato","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802053380602","article-title":"Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"338","author":"Amato","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802053380603","article-title":"Evaluation of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma in patients at high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pressure- and Volume-Limited Ventilation Strategy Group","volume":"338","author":"Stewart","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199422100-00006","article-title":"Prospective, randomized comparison of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in pediatric respiratory failure","volume":"22","author":"Arnold","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01735174","article-title":"Low mortality associated with low volume pressure limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia in severe adult respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Hickling","year":"1990","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199422100-00011","article-title":"Low mortality rate in adult respiratory distress syndrome using low-volume, pressure-limited ventilation with permissive hypercapnia: a prospective study","volume":"22","author":"Hickling","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12251-1","article-title":"Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomized trial","volume":"354","author":"Drakulovic","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib32","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Heath Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. CDC Growth Charts: United States, Individual Growth Charts. Revised and corrected 6\/8\/00. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/about\/major\/nhanes\/growthcharts\/charts.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.20.2561","article-title":"Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network. Effect of mechanical ventilator weaning protocols on respiratory outcomes in infants and children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"288","author":"Randolph","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Supp 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib34","first-page":"A158","article-title":"Designing a nurse-implemented sedation algorithm for use in a pediatric intensive care unit\u2014a preliminary report","volume":"4","author":"Curley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199907000-00008","article-title":"Motor activity assessment scale: a valid and reliable sedation scale for use with mechanically ventilated patients in an adult surgical intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Devlin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib36","series-title":"Critical care nursing of infants and children","first-page":"558","article-title":"Caring practices: providing comfort","author":"Oakes","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib37","first-page":"293","article-title":"The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children","volume":"23","author":"Merkel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-5963(03)00090-3","article-title":"Evidenced based practice: pain assessment in nonverbal children with severe cognitive impairments\u2014the Individualized Numeric Rating Scale (INRS)","volume":"18","author":"Solodiuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422002","article-title":"Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation","volume":"342","author":"Kress","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib40","first-page":"I291","article-title":"Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Part 10: Pediatric advanced life support. The American Heart Association in collaboration with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation","volume":"102","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib41","first-page":"212","article-title":"Nutrition and shock in pediatric patients","volume":"6","author":"Curley","year":"1998","journal-title":"New Horiz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199712000-00026","article-title":"Nonradiographic assessment of enteral feeding tube position","volume":"25","author":"Harrison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib43","series-title":"Treatment of pressure ulcers. Clinical Practice Guideline. No. 15","author":"Bergstrom","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6155.1996.tb00050.x","article-title":"Skin integrity in the pediatric population: preventing and managing pressure ulcers","volume":"1","author":"Quigley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Soc Pediatr Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib45","first-page":"22","article-title":"Pressure ulcers, hospital complications, and disease severity: impact on hospital costs and length of stay","volume":"12","author":"Allman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib46","first-page":"24","article-title":"Pressure ulcer prevalence, cost and risk assessment: consensus development conference statement","volume":"2","author":"National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Decubitus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004_bib47","unstructured":"National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Task Force on Darkly Pigmented Skin and Stage I Pressure Ulcers. Stage I Assessment in Darkly Pigmented Skin. Retrieved February 8, 2004 from the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Web site: http:\/\/www.npuap.org\/positn4.htm 1998."}],"container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944105002145?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944105002145?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T18:48:38Z","timestamp":1586803718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883944105002145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0883944105002145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.12.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9441","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}}}