{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T11:44:26Z","timestamp":1771328666760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T00:32:40Z","timestamp":1488241960000},"page":"162-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Incidence of central venous catheter hub contamination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Julie L.","family":"Holroyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrie","family":"Vasilopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth H.","family":"Rand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda G.","family":"Fahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0005","author":"Centers for Disease Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9763","article-title":"Health care- associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system","volume":"173","author":"Zimlichman","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.01.003","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections","volume":"39","author":"O'Grady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1086\/511865","article-title":"A randomized and prospective study of 3 procedures for the diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection without catheter withdrawal","volume":"44","author":"Bouza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390190077011","article-title":"A conservative procedure for the diagnosis of catheter-related infections","volume":"150","author":"Cercenado","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000171842.63887.C1","article-title":"The challenge of anticipating catheter tip colonization in major heart surgery patients in the intensive care unit: are surface cultures useful?","volume":"33","author":"Bouza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01351-13","article-title":"Value of superficial cultures for prediction of catheter-related bloodstream infection in long-term catheters: a prospective study","volume":"51","author":"Guembe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1334-1","article-title":"Vascular catheter colonization: surveillance based on culture of needleless connectors","volume":"20","author":"Perez-Granda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1201-0","article-title":"Assessment of central venous catheter colonization using surveillance culture of withdrawn connectors and insertion site skin","volume":"20","author":"Perez-Granda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0050","first-page":"381","article-title":"The pathogenesis and prevention of central venous catheter-related infections","volume":"12","author":"Raad","year":"1994","journal-title":"Middle East J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(03)00136-1","article-title":"A needless closed system device (CLAVE) protects from intravascular catheter tip and hub colonization: a prospective randomized study","volume":"54","author":"Bouza","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00850-16","article-title":"Cultures of needleless connectors are useful for ruling out central venous catheter colonization","volume":"54","author":"Guembe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000059","article-title":"Universal intravenous access cleaning device fails to sterilize stopcocks","volume":"118","author":"Holroyd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.062950-0","article-title":"Performance of the Vitek MS matrix- assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system for identification of Gram-positive cocci routinely isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories","volume":"62","author":"Moon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144878","article-title":"A side by side comparison of Bruker Biotyper and VITEK MS: utility of MALDI-TOF MS technology for microorganism identification in a public health reference laboratory","volume":"10","author":"L\u00e9vesque","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0247-x","article-title":"Colonization of the medial lumen is a risk factor for catheter-related bloodstream infection","volume":"32","author":"Sirvent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1086\/652766","article-title":"How many lumens should be cultured in the conservative diagnosis of catheter- related bloodstream infections?","volume":"50","author":"Guembe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.09.019","article-title":"MALDI-TOF is not useful in the diagnosis of catheter colonization based on superficial cultures: results from an in vitro study","volume":"84","author":"Guembe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2016.06.027","article-title":"Use of MALDI-TOF to detect colonized vascular catheter tips after 6 and 12h of incubation","volume":"128","author":"Bouza","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.2.400","article-title":"Ultrastructural analysis of indwelling vascular catheters: a quantitative relationship between luminal colonization and duration of placement","volume":"168","author":"Raad","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.2.489","article-title":"Risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection with peripherally inserted central venous catheters used in hospitalized patients","volume":"128","author":"Safdar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2307\/30141352","article-title":"Increased bloodstream infection rates in surgical patients associated with variation from recommended use and care following implementation of needleless device","volume":"19","author":"Cookson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1086\/314592","article-title":"Bloodstream infection associated with needleless device use and the importance of infection-control practices in the home health care setting","volume":"179","author":"Do","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1086\/499166","article-title":"Increased catheter-related bloodstream infection rates after the introduction of a new mechanical valve intravenous access port","volume":"27","author":"Maragakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1086\/516800","article-title":"Increased rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection associated with use of a needleless mechanical valve device at a long- term acute care hospital","volume":"28","author":"Salgado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1086\/517538","article-title":"Outbreak of bloodstream infection temporally associated with the use of an intravascular needleless valve","volume":"44","author":"Rupp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1086\/516660","article-title":"Incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection among patients with a needleless, mechanical valve- based intravenous connector in an Australian hematology-oncology unit","volume":"28","author":"Field","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2670-4","article-title":"The TegoTM needleless connector for hemodialysis catheters may protect against catheter colonization","volume":"35","author":"Guembe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12108","article-title":"An in vitro evaluation of disinfection protocols used for needleless connectors of central venous catheters","volume":"57","author":"Mazher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-4-199708150-00001","article-title":"Prevention of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection by use of an antiseptic-impregnated catheter: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"127","author":"Maki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2045-z","article-title":"The pathogenesis of catheter-related bloodstream infection with noncuffed short-term central venous catheters","volume":"30","author":"Safdar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182a8c16a","article-title":"The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus transmission in the anesthesia work area","volume":"120","author":"Loftus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2307\/30141352","article-title":"Increased bloodstream infection rates in surgical patients associated with variation from recommended use and care following implementation of needleless device","volume":"19","author":"Cookson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1086\/314592","article-title":"Bloodstream infection associated with needleless device use and the importance of infection-control practices in the home health care setting","volume":"179","author":"Do","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(98)70042-2","article-title":"Comparison of the microbial barrier properties of a needleless and conventional needle-based intravenous access system","volume":"26","author":"Luebke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03008718","article-title":"Growth curves of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Moraxella osloensis in propofol and other media","volume":"39","author":"Tessler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.133.11.1241","article-title":"Risk factors and clinical impact of central line infections in the surgical intensive care unit","volume":"133","author":"Charalambous","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-014-0027-9","article-title":"A simple and easy in vitro model to test the efficacy of IV lines' needleless connectors against contamination","volume":"2","author":"Guembe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.05.027","article-title":"Association of preservative-free propofol use and outcome in critically ill patients","volume":"39","author":"Haddad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0261-5614(93)90059-D","article-title":"A prospective study of a new protocol for \u201cin situ\u201d diagnosis of central venous catheter related bacteraemia","volume":"12","author":"Segura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(96)90058-9","article-title":"Guideline for prevention of intravascular device-related infections. Part I. Intravascular device-related infections: an overview. The hospital infection control practices advisory committee","volume":"24","author":"Pearson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1086\/339863","article-title":"The promise of novel technology for the prevention of intravascular device-related bloodstream infection. I. Pathogenesis and short-term devices","volume":"34","author":"Crnich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1086\/519935","article-title":"Measurement of the impact of risk adjustment for central line-days on interpretation of central line-associated bloodstream infection rates","volume":"28","author":"Tokars","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.06.008","article-title":"Peripherally inserted central venous catheters in the acute care setting: a safe alternative to high-risk short-term central venous catheters","volume":"38","author":"Al Raiy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.6.700","article-title":"Complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"286","author":"Merrer","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0230","series-title":"Programs and abstracts of the thirtieth interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, October 1990, Atlanta, GA","first-page":"712","article-title":"Marked difference in skin colonization of insertion sites for central venous, arterial, and peripheral IV catheters. The major reason for differing risks of catheter-related infection?","author":"Maki","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318255d9bc","article-title":"The risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection with femoral venous catheters as compared to subclavian and internal jugular venous catheters: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Marik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0240","article-title":"Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection","volume":"3","author":"Ge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500964","article-title":"Intravascular complications of central venous catheterization by insertion site","volume":"373","author":"Parienti","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944116306797?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0883944116306797?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T22:15:04Z","timestamp":1658700904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0883944116306797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0883944116306797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-9441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-9441","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Incidence of central venous catheter hub contamination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Critical Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.02.035","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}